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The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Feb 20235 months into the monkeypox epidemic, there are no proven therapies and no comparative safety and efficacy data in the treatment of affected individuals. The question... (Review)
Review
5 months into the monkeypox epidemic, there are no proven therapies and no comparative safety and efficacy data in the treatment of affected individuals. The question remains whether we, as a scientific and medical community, will apply the lessons learned from the past decade of outbreaks that well conducted randomised controlled trials can be ethically, safely, and efficiently performed to guide clinical decision making so that the right drug is used for the right patient at the right time. Furthermore, the robust level of evidence from randomised controlled trials is highly relevant to advocating for equitable access to new treatments in low-income and middle-income countries. As with COVID-19, we need to pair optimal supportive care with rigorously designed double-blind randomised controlled trials to elucidate safe and effective therapies for monkeypox. The need remains for the funding and development of predesigned, adaptive trial protocols for diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential that can be timely pulled off the shelf and launched early in an outbreak, leveraging ready clinical trial networks and infrastructure for rapid discovery and implementation of new treatments.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Mpox (monkeypox); Double-Blind Method; Pandemics; Disease Outbreaks; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36400066
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00722-8 -
The British Journal of General Practice... 2021
Topics: Health Status Disparities; Humans
PubMed: 33632678
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp21X714941 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic
PubMed: 36410846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.07.186 -
The Milbank Quarterly Jun 2017
Topics: Drug Approval; Drug Industry; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Politics; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 28378412
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12252 -
Journal of Occupational Health Jan 2020On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent...
On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent responsible was subsequently identified as a coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2. The WHO declared this disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020. This event evoked a sense of déjà vu, as it has many similarities to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2002-2003. Both illnesses were caused by a zoonotic novel coronavirus, both originated during winter in China and both spread rapidly all over the world. However, the case-fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID-19 (<4%). Another zoonotic novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV, was responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome, which had a case-fatality rate of 34%. Our experiences in coping with the previous coronavirus outbreaks have better equipped us to face the challenges posed by COVID-19, especially in the health care setting. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Given the perspectives gained and lessons learnt from these past events, we should be better prepared to face the current COVID-19 outbreak.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; China; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Health Personnel; History, 21st Century; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Health; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; World Health Organization
PubMed: 32515882
DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12128 -
Heliyon Apr 2022Examination of the mortality patterns in the United States among racial, ethnic, and age groups attributed to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic revealed stark disparities,...
BACKGROUND
Examination of the mortality patterns in the United States among racial, ethnic, and age groups attributed to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic revealed stark disparities, causes for which could have been addressed and rectified this past century. However, these disparities have been amplified during the current COVID-19 pandemic.We have ignored the lessons of the past, and were destined to repeat its failings.
OBJECTIVES
Compare and contrast mortality patterns by age, race, and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States with corresponding patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study, establishing mortality rates according to age, race and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States and to the current COVID-19 pandemic, using mortality data published by the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Negative binomial regression models were used to establish rate ratios, that is, ratios of mortality rates across the various racial/ethnic groups, and associated 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Mortality patterns by age differ significantly between the 1918-19 influenza pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic: with infant and young adult (25-40 years old) mortality substantially higher in the former. Disparities in mortality between racial and ethnic groups are amplified in the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 1918-19 experience.
CONCLUSIONS
As we evaluate our nation's response to COVID-19 and design public policy to prepare better for coming pandemics, we cannot ignore the stark disparities in mortality rates experienced by different racial and ethnic groups. This will require a sustained resolve by society and government to delineate and remedy the causative factors, through science devoid of political interpretation and exploitation.
PubMed: 35464697
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09299 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023I strongly support Barzykowski and Moulin in their proposal that common retrieval mechanisms can lead to distinct phenomenological memory experiences. I emphasize the...
I strongly support Barzykowski and Moulin in their proposal that common retrieval mechanisms can lead to distinct phenomenological memory experiences. I emphasize the importance of one of these mechanisms, namely the attribution system. Neuropsychological studies should help clarifying the role of these retrieval mechanisms, notably in cases of medial temporal-lobe lesions and cases of dementia.
Topics: Humans; Memory, Episodic
PubMed: 37961781
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000249 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Jun 2021
Topics: Community Participation; Firearms; Humans; Mass Casualty Incidents; Physician's Role; United States; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 33793324
DOI: 10.7326/M21-1505 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Nov 2021
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Retreatment
PubMed: 32887999
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1329 -
Fertility and Sterility Dec 2019
Topics: Aneuploidy; Embryo Transfer; Genetic Testing; Humans; Patient Selection; Prognosis
PubMed: 31843076
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.102