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Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Dec 2021Roughly two-thirds of all people report having experienced déjà vu-the odd feeling that a current experience is both novel and a repeat or replay of a previous,... (Review)
Review
Roughly two-thirds of all people report having experienced déjà vu-the odd feeling that a current experience is both novel and a repeat or replay of a previous, unrecalled experience. Reports of an association between déjà vu and seizure aura symptomatology have accumulated for over a century, and frequent déjà vu is also now known to be associated with focal seizures, particularly those of a medial temporal lobe (MTL) origin. A longstanding question is whether seizure-related déjà vu has the same basis and is the same subjective experience as non-seizure déjà vu. Survey research suggests that people who experience both seizure-related and non-seizure déjà vu can often subjectively distinguish between the two. We present a case of a person with a history of focal MTL seizures who reports having experienced both seizure-related and non-seizure common déjà vu, though the non-seizure type was more frequent during this person's youth than it is currently. The patient was studied with a virtual tour paradigm that has previously been shown to elicit déjà vu among non-clinical, young adult participants. The patient reported experiencing déjà vu of the common non-seizure type during the virtual tour paradigm, without associated abnormalities of the intracranial EEG. We situate this work in the context of broader ongoing projects examining the subjective correlates of seizures. The importance for memory research of virtual scenes, spatial tasks, virtual reality (VR), and this paradigm for isolating familiarity in the context of recall failure are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology; Seizures; Young Adult
PubMed: 34735965
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108373 -
Translational Psychiatry Oct 2021Cognitive deficits commonly accompany psychiatric disorders but are often underrecognised, and difficult to treat. The 5-HT receptor is a promising potential treatment...
Cognitive deficits commonly accompany psychiatric disorders but are often underrecognised, and difficult to treat. The 5-HT receptor is a promising potential treatment target for cognitive impairment because in animal studies 5-HT receptor agonists enhance hippocampal-dependent memory processes. To date, there has been little work translating these effects to humans. We tested whether short-term administration of the 5-HT partial agonist, prucalopride, modified behavioural and neural (fMRI) memory processing in 44 healthy human volunteers using an experimental medicine model. We found that participants who had received six days of prucalopride treatment were significantly better at recalling previously seen neutral images and distinguishing them from new images. At a neural level, prucalopride bilaterally increased hippocampal activity and activity in the right angular gyrus compared with placebo. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of 5-HT-receptor activation for cognitive enhancement in humans, and support the potential of this receptor as a treatment target for cognitive impairment.
Topics: Benzofurans; Hippocampus; Humans; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4; Serotonin; Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists
PubMed: 34602607
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01568-4 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Feb 2022The birth of intensive care was a process that took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, during and after the polio epidemic of 1952-1953. The fact that marks its beginning was...
The birth of intensive care was a process that took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, during and after the polio epidemic of 1952-1953. The fact that marks its beginning was that anesthesiologist Björn Ibsen was asked to help and "came out of the operating room", not without some controversy. Ib sen proposed and advocated the use of tracheostomy, suctioning and ventilation. Given the lack of positive pressure ventilators, this task was carried out by students who contributed 165,000 hours of manual ventilation. Few years later, in Gothenburg, Sweden, the anesthesiologist Göran Haglund, motivated by the case of a four years old boy with complicated appendicitis, created the first multi disciplinary pediatric intensive care unit in the world (1955). In Chile, during the 1950s, the concept of pediatric intensive care began to develop under the direction of physicians with a solid vision of the future. Given that the planet is experiencing a pandemic, it seems an appropriate moment to review the role of the polio epidemic in the development of positive pressure ventilation, the birth of intensive care medicine and intensive care units, in order to assess the role of the various tasks and innovations carried out.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Critical Care; Humans; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Poliomyelitis; Respiration, Artificial; Ventilators, Mechanical
PubMed: 35506786
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i1.3977 -
Journal of the American College of... Jul 2015
Topics: Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Ventricular Premature Complexes
PubMed: 26160627
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.05.031 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Feb 2021Descriptions of seizure manifestations (SM), or semiology, can help localize the symptomatogenic zone and subsequently included brain regions involved in epileptic...
PURPOSE
Descriptions of seizure manifestations (SM), or semiology, can help localize the symptomatogenic zone and subsequently included brain regions involved in epileptic seizures, as well as identify patients with dissociative seizures (DS). Patients and witnesses are not trained observers, so these descriptions may vary from expert review of seizure video recordings of seizures. To better understand how reported factors can help identify patients with DS or epileptic seizures (ES), we evaluated the associations between more than 30 SMs and diagnosis using standardized interviews.
METHODS
Based on patient- and observer-reported data from 490 patients with diagnoses documented by video-electoencephalography, we compared the rate of each SM in five mutually exclusive groups: epileptic seizures (ES), DS, physiologic seizure-like events (PSLE), mixed DS and ES, and inconclusive testing.
RESULTS
In addition to SMs that we described in a prior manuscript, the following were associated with DS: light triggers, emotional stress trigger, pre-ictal and post-ictal headache, post-ictal muscle soreness, and ictal sensory symptoms. The following were associated with ES: triggered by missing medication, aura of déjà vu, and leftward eye deviation. There were numerous manifestations separately associated with mixed ES and DS.
CONCLUSIONS
Reported SM can help identify patients with DS, but no manifestation is pathognomonic for either ES or DS. Patients with mixed ES and DS reported factors divergent from both ES-alone and DS-alone.
Topics: Conversion Disorder; Electroencephalography; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Seizures
PubMed: 33388672
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107696 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Mar 2018Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of rotten eggs. Both are toxic yet they are gasotransmitters of physiological relevance. There appears to be an uncanny resemblance between the general actions of these two gasotransmitters in health and disease. The role of NO and HS in cancer has been quite perplexing, as both tumor promotion and inflammatory activities as well as anti-tumor and antiinflammatory properties have been described. These paradoxes have been explained for both gasotransmitters in terms of each having a dual or biphasic effect that is dependent on the local flux of each gas. In this review/commentary, I have discussed the major roles of NO and HS in carcinogenesis, evaluating their dual nature, focusing on the enzymes that contribute to this paradox and evaluate the pros and cons of inhibiting or inducing each of these enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinogenesis; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Neoplasms; Nitric Oxide; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 29397935
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.042 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2020One of the core challenges in visual multi-target tracking is occlusion. This is especially important in applications such as video surveillance and sports analytics....
One of the core challenges in visual multi-target tracking is occlusion. This is especially important in applications such as video surveillance and sports analytics. While offline batch processing algorithms can utilise future measurements to handle occlusion effectively, online algorithms have to rely on current and past measurements only. As such, it is markedly more challenging to handle occlusion in online applications. To address this problem, we propagate information over time in a way that it generates a sense of déjà vu when similar visual and motion features are observed. To achieve this, we extend the Generalized Labeled Multi-Bernoulli (GLMB) filter, originally designed for tracking point-sized targets, to be used in visual multi-target tracking. The proposed algorithm includes a novel false alarm detection/removal and label recovery methods capable of reliably recovering tracks that are even lost for a substantial period of time. We compare the performance of the proposed method with the state-of-the-art methods in challenging datasets using standard visual tracking metrics. Our comparisons show that the proposed method performs favourably compared to the state-of-the-art methods, particularly in terms of ID switches and fragmentation metrics which signifies occlusion.
PubMed: 32050574
DOI: 10.3390/s20030929 -
Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the... May 2015
Topics: Biotechnology; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 25943491
DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.51 -
Psychiatria Danubina Jun 2018
PubMed: 29930233
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.220 -
Neuron May 2022Genetic and environmental factors during development are involved in autism, and in this issue of Neuron Krüttner et al. (2022) find environment may play a more acute...
Genetic and environmental factors during development are involved in autism, and in this issue of Neuron Krüttner et al. (2022) find environment may play a more acute role in modulating autism behavior in a Shank3 exon 21 deletion mutant mouse (Shank3). The authors explore the underlying circuit mechanisms in detail.
Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Microfilament Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 35512633
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.007