-
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Apr 2022It is estimated that, worldwide, 9% of deaths occur as a result of insufficient physical activity (PA) practice. Practicing PA can prevent and/or reduce the deleterious... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
It is estimated that, worldwide, 9% of deaths occur as a result of insufficient physical activity (PA) practice. Practicing PA can prevent and/or reduce the deleterious effects of different types of diseases and can improve general health aspects related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
PURPOSE
To analyze the relationship of different PA domains with different HRQoL domains over a two-year period.
METHODS
This is an observational study with a two-year longitudinal design. The sample, composed of adults, was selected from a randomization of the streets of the different regions (north, south, east, west and center) covering individuals from all areas of the city. To assess the practice of PA, the Baecke questionnaire was used. The instrument Medical Outcomes Study SF-36-Item Short Form Health Survey was used to assess the HRQoL domains. Linear regression models were used to analyzed the association of different PA domains with changes in HRQoL. Multivariate statistical models were adjusted for gender, age, socioeconomic status, marital status, the respective PA score at baseline, smoking, body mass index, and morbidity.
RESULTS
331 adults were evaluated. There was a decrease in the practice of PA in the occupational domain and an increase in the leisure/locomotion domain. Regarding HRQoL, there was an increase in the scores of body pain and mental health, and a decrease in scores of general health, vitality, social aspects and emotional aspects. The PA practice in the occupational domain was inversely related to functional capacity (β = - 7.2 [CI 95% - 13.0; - 1.4]). The practice of PA through sports in leisure time was positively associated with vitality (β = 5.5 [CI 95% 0.2; 10.7]) and mental health (β = 15.2 [CI 95% 6.8; 23.7]). PA practice during leisure and locomotion was inversely associated with functional capacity (β = - 5.68 [CI 95% - 10.7; - 0.6]) and positively associated with vitality β = 4.8 [CI 95% 0.8; 8.7]) and mental health (β = 8.4 [CI 95% 2.0; 14.9]). The total PA practice was inversely associated with functional capacity (β = - 3.8 [CI 95% - 6.5; - 1.2]) and positively associated with pain in the body (β = 4.9 [CI 95% 0.3; 9.4]), vitality (β = 2.9 [CI 95% 0.7; 5.0]) and mental health (β = 5.7 [CI 95% 2.2; 9.2]).
CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that practicing PA continuously within a period of two years can positively affect some physical aspects and some mental aspects related to HRQoL, but not all of them. A strategy for public policy actions is to explore these variables by domain and thus detect the real needs and improvements that can be made for the population.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Health Status; Humans; Pain; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35488344
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01981-3 -
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Aug 2018The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study incorporates a comprehensive range of measures assessing predictors and outcomes related to both mental and... (Review)
Review
The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study incorporates a comprehensive range of measures assessing predictors and outcomes related to both mental and physical health across childhood and adolescence. The workgroup developed a battery that would assess a comprehensive range of domains that address study aims while minimizing participant and family burden. We review the major considerations that went into deciding what constructs to cover in the demographics, physical health and mental health domains, as well as the process of selecting measures, piloting and refining the originally proposed battery. We present a description of the baseline battery, as well as the six-month interim assessments and the one-year follow-up assessments. This battery includes assessments from the perspectives of both the parent and the target youth, as well as teacher reports. This battery will provide a foundational baseline assessment of the youth's current function so as to permit characterization of stability and change in key domains over time. The findings from this battery will also be utilized to identify both resilience markers that predict healthy development and risk factors for later adverse outcomes in physical health, mental health, and substance use and abuse.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Child; Cognition; Demography; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health
PubMed: 29113758
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Health literacy (HL) is considered to be an important precondition for health. HL research often identifies migrants as vulnerable for low HL. However, in-depth data on...
BACKGROUND
Health literacy (HL) is considered to be an important precondition for health. HL research often identifies migrants as vulnerable for low HL. However, in-depth data on HL among migrants especially in its domains of health care, disease prevention and health promotion and its determinants are still scarce.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the current status of HL among migrants and their descendants from Turkey and from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in Germany and factors associated with it. This has not been studied using large-scale data and bilingual interviews. We differentiate between dimensions of HL, namely the domains of health care, disease prevention and health promotion which goes beyond many previous studies. In addition, we explore new mechanisms by testing the explanatory power of self-efficacy and interethnic contacts for migrants' HL.
METHODS
The study includes 825 first- and second-generation adult migrants from two of the largest immigration groups in Germany, from Turkey and FSU, who were interviewed face-to-face in German, Turkish or Russian in late summer 2020. HL was measured using the HLS-Q47 instrument. Age, gender, educational level, social status and financial deprivation, chronic illness, health-related literacy skills, self-efficacy, interethnic contacts, migration generation, duration of stay and region of origin were considered as possible determinants. Ordinary least square regressions were estimated.
RESULTS
The average general HL score was 65.5. HL in health promotion and disease prevention was lower than in health care. Low financial deprivation, health-related literacy skills, and self-efficacy were positively correlated with each HL domain. Educational level, social status, age, gender, duration of stay and interethnic contacts were positively correlated with HL in some domains. Region of origin was only correlated with the domain of disease prevention until interethnic contact was accounted for.
CONCLUSION
Our study contributes to the existing knowledge by analyzing different domains of HL and testing its correlations with self-efficacy and interethnic contact among migrants. We reveal that migrants cannot generally be considered as vulnerable for low HL, as oftentimes outlined. There is a need for interventions e.g. to enhance the understanding of health information among subgroups with lower HL.
Topics: Adult; Educational Status; Emigration and Immigration; Germany; Health Literacy; Humans; Transients and Migrants
PubMed: 36211672
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988782 -
Journal of Lipid Research Jul 2016Levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a complex between an LDL-like lipid moiety containing one copy of apoB, and apo(a), a plasminogen-derived carbohydrate-rich... (Review)
Review
Levels of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], a complex between an LDL-like lipid moiety containing one copy of apoB, and apo(a), a plasminogen-derived carbohydrate-rich hydrophilic protein, are primarily genetically regulated. Although stable intra-individually, Lp(a) levels have a skewed distribution inter-individually and are strongly impacted by a size polymorphism of the LPA gene, resulting in a variable number of kringle IV (KIV) units, a key motif of apo(a). The variation in KIV units is a strong predictor of plasma Lp(a) levels resulting in stable plasma levels across the lifespan. Studies have demonstrated pronounced differences across ethnicities with regard to Lp(a) levels and some of this difference, but not all of it, can be explained by genetic variations across ethnic groups. Increasing evidence suggests that age, sex, and hormonal impact may have a modest modulatory influence on Lp(a) levels. Among clinical conditions, Lp(a) levels are reported to be affected by kidney and liver diseases.
Topics: Age Factors; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Ethnicity; Female; Genetic Variation; Humans; Kringles; Lipoprotein(a); Male; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 26637279
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R051904 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2020The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic correlates of total and domain-specific sedentary behavior (SB).
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic correlates of total and domain-specific sedentary behavior (SB).
METHODS
Cross-sectional findings are based on 9218 participants (15-65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Data were collected between September 2014 and February 2015. Participants reported time spent in SB across specific domains. Sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic (SEL), and education level were used as sociodemographic indicators.
RESULTS
Participants spent a total of 373.3 min/day engaged in total SB. Men, younger adults, other ethnicities, higher SEL and educational level presented higher total SB when compared with women, older adults, white/Caucasian, and low SEL and educational level. Men spent more time on the playing videogames (: 32.8: 95% CI: 14.6;51.1) and riding in an automobile (40.5: 31.3; 49.8). Computer time, reading, socializing or listening to music was higher in younger participants (<30 years) compared with those ≥50 years in the total sample. Compared to the low SEL and educational level groups, middle (11.7: 5.7; 17.6) and higher (15.1: 5.3; 24.9) SEL groups as well as middle (9.8: 3.6; 15.9) and higher (16.6: 6.5; 26.8) education level groups reported more time spent reading.
CONCLUSION
Socio-demographic characteristics are associated with SB patterns (total and specific) across Latin American countries.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Female; Humans; Latin America; Male; Middle Aged; Sedentary Behavior; Time Factors
PubMed: 32756330
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155587 -
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Jan 2024Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept referring processes which restrict the ability of individuals or groups to participate fully in society. While social...
BACKGROUND
Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept referring processes which restrict the ability of individuals or groups to participate fully in society. While social exclusion has been used to explore patterns of disadvantage, it has been difficult to measure. Thus, we aimed to use population-based data to measure social exclusion and its constituent domains and to describe its distribution in England.
METHODS
We used data from Understanding Society in 2009/2010 develop a multidimensional measurement approach, replicated in 2018/2019. We defined five domains of social exclusion from the literature and expert consultation: material, relational, political, digital, and structural. In both waves, we identified measures for each domain, then conducted principal component analysis to identify the components. We generated domain scores and an overall social exclusion score. We described the distribution of social exclusion and its domains by sex, region, age, and ethnicity.
RESULTS
We found the level of social exclusion was higher in the youngest age group and decreased by age. We found elevated levels of overall social exclusion for ethnic minoritised groups including African, Arab, and Caribbean groups compared to White British groups. We found distinct patterns within each domain.
DISCUSSION
We developed an overall measure of social exclusion with five domains, and finding distinct patterns of social exclusion by age, ethnicity, and region which varied across domain. These findings suggest that attention should be paid to the separate domains due to different population distributions. This measurement approach moves beyond conceptual discussions of social exclusion and demonstrates the utility of a quantitative measure of social exclusion for use in health and social research.
Topics: Humans; England; Ethnicity; Social Isolation; Minority Groups; Age Factors
PubMed: 37160438
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02489-x -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Jul 2022The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature on racial disparities in quality of palliative and end-of-life care and to demonstrate gaps... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature on racial disparities in quality of palliative and end-of-life care and to demonstrate gaps in the exploration of underlying mechanisms that produce these disparities.
BACKGROUND
Countless studies over several decades have revealed that our healthcare system in the United States consistently produces poorer quality end-of-life care for Black compared with White patients. Effective interventions to reduce these disparities are sparse and hindered by a limited understanding of the root causes of these disparities.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, CINAHL and PsychInfo for research manuscripts that tested hypotheses about causal mechanisms for disparities in end-of-life care for Black patients. These studies were categorized by domains outlined in the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) framework, which are biological, behavioral, physical/built environment, sociocultural and health care systems domains. Within these domains, studies were further categorized as focusing on the individual, interpersonal, community or societal level of influence.
RESULTS
The majority of the studies focused on the Healthcare System and Sociocultural domains. Within the Health Care System domain, studies were evenly distributed among the individual, interpersonal, and community level of influence, but less attention was paid to the societal level of influence. In the Sociocultural domain, most studies focused on the individual level of influence. Those focusing on the individual level of influence tended to be of poorer quality.
CONCLUSIONS
The sociocultural environment, physical/built environment, behavioral and biological domains remain understudied areas of potential causal mechanisms for racial disparities in end-of-life care. In the Healthcare System domain, social influences including healthcare policy and law are understudied. In the sociocultural domain, the majority of the studies still focused on the individual level of influence, missing key areas of research in interpersonal discrimination and local and societal structural discrimination. Studies that focus on individual factors should be better screened to ensure that they are of high quality and avoid stigmatizing Black communities.
Topics: Black or African American; Black People; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Minority Groups; Terminal Care; United States
PubMed: 35381316
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.03.017 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Environmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact...
BACKGROUND
Environmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact is unknown. Here, we utilized a multidimensional index of childhood neighborhood conditions to compare the influence of various social and environmental disparities (SED) on body mass index (BMI)-brain relationships over a 2-year period in early adolescence.
METHODS
Data were gathered the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study ( = 2,970, 49.8% female, 69.1% White, no siblings). Structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), anthropometrics, and demographic information were collected at baseline (9/10-years-old) and the 2-year-follow-up (11/12-years-old). Region of interest (ROIs; 68 cortical, 18 subcortical) estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were extracted from sMRI Tw images using the Desikan atlas. Residential addresses at baseline were used to obtain geocoded estimates of SEDs from 3 domains of childhood opportunity index (COI): healthy environment (COI), social/economic (COI), and education (COI). Nested, random-effects mixed models were conducted to evaluate relationships of BMI with (1) ROI COI and (2) ROI COI Time. Models controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, and the other two COI domains of non-interest, allowing us to estimate the unique variance explained by each domain and its interaction with ROI and time.
RESULTS
Youth living in areas with lower COI and COI scores were heavier at the 2-year follow-up than baseline and exhibited greater thinning in the bilateral occipital cortex between visits. Lower COI scores corresponded with larger volume of the bilateral caudate and greater BMI at the 2-year follow-up. COI scores showed the greatest associations ( = 20 ROIs) with brain-BMI relationships: youth living in areas with lower COI had thinner cortices in prefrontal regions and larger volumes of the left pallidum and Ventral DC. Time did not moderate the COI x ROI interaction for any brain region during the examined 2-year period. Findings were independent of family income (i.e., income-to-needs).
CONCLUSION
Collectively our findings demonstrate that neighborhood SEDs for health-promoting resources play a particularly important role in moderating relationships between brain and BMI in early adolescence regardless of family-level financial resources.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Female; Male; Body Mass Index; Pediatric Obesity; Ethnicity; Brain; Income
PubMed: 36589997
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061049 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Aug 2022To describe psychomotor development (PMD) trajectories and nutrition in children fed with breastfeeding (BF) and to evaluate possible associations.
OBJECTIVE
To describe psychomotor development (PMD) trajectories and nutrition in children fed with breastfeeding (BF) and to evaluate possible associations.
SUBJECTS AND METHOD
Prospective co hort of full-term infants, without known pathologies, fed with BF. The intake of BF was evaluated with an isotopic technique at three months. At six successive ages, the nutritional status was evaluated according to the body mass index (BMI) for age and the PMD using the Ages and Stages Questionnai re (ASQ-3). Children who had at least two follow-up evaluations were included. Multivariate analysis of the trajectories by the PMD domain was performed according to BMI/A and BF, controlled by bio- socio-demographic variables.
RESULTS
53 children were included (60% male), 76 % were eutrophic, and 62% and 38% were fed exclusively or predominantly with BF, respectively. The nutritional and PMD trajectories were stable and within the normal range; there were no infants in the obesity ran ge. In the multivariate analysis, the Communication domain was significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.049) and BF (p = 0.032). Problem Solving domain was associated with BMI (p = 0.040). No significant associations were found in the trajectories of motor and socio-individual domains. Con clusion: The nutritional trajectories and each PMD domains were stable and within normal ranges. Exclusive BF was associated with a better Communication trajectory, while the BMI was associated with better Communication and Problem-Solving.
Topics: Infant; Female; Humans; Child; Male; Breast Feeding; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies; Body Mass Index; Obesity
PubMed: 37906852
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i4.4107 -
Pediatric Neurology Apr 2023We investigated the influence of relevant demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial variables on the proxy-reported quality of life (QOL) of children...
BACKGROUND
We investigated the influence of relevant demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial variables on the proxy-reported quality of life (QOL) of children with cerebral palsy (CP).
METHODS
The proxy-reported Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life-Child questionnaire (CP QOL-Child) was completed by 58 children with CP (mean age 10.22 years, SD 1.67). Relationships between QOL scores and demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial variables were assessed. CP QOL scores and other variables that correlated significantly were introduced into a multiple linear regression model.
RESULTS
Executive functioning and motor functional status were explanatory variables for the CP QOL total score. Executive functions explained three specific QOL domains: Social Wellbeing and Acceptance, Feelings about Functioning, and Emotional Wellbeing and Self-esteem. Parental stress also explained Social Wellbeing and Acceptance. Motor functional status and visual perception were explanatory variables for the Access to Services domain. Finally, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits were an explanatory variable for the Participation and Physical Health domain.
CONCLUSION
Executive functioning and motor functional status importantly influence QOL of children with CP. Visual perception, ASD symptoms, and parental stress variables are related with specific QOL domains. These findings demonstrate that interventions targeting cognitive functions in children with CP may positively influence QOL.
Topics: Humans; Child; Quality of Life; Cerebral Palsy; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Surveys and Questionnaires; Multivariate Analysis
PubMed: 36805966
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.01.006