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Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2021to compare the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the older adults in the community according to the living arrangement and to verify the association...
OBJECTIVE
to compare the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the older adults in the community according to the living arrangement and to verify the association between the type of living arrangement and the quality of life scores.
METHOD
a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 796 older adults in the community. To assess quality of life (dependent variable), network and social support (adjustment variable), validated and applied chi-square tests, descriptive statistical analysis, multiple comparison analysis (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) were used.
RESULTS
the older adults who lived only with their spouses had better quality of life scores in all domains and facets, except in the death and dying domain, which did not show any significant difference. The lowest scores for quality of life were identified in the groups with the presence of children and, exceptionally, in the domain of social relationships and, in the facets death and dying and intimacy, those who lived alone had worse assessments. In the adjusted model, there was an association between the type of living arrangement and the different domains and facets of quality of life.
CONCLUSION
living arrangement was associated with quality of life scores for older adults in the community, even after adjusting for the gender, age, number of morbidities, and social support variables.
Topics: Aged; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Quality of Life; Residence Characteristics; Social Support; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33439953
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.4051.3401 -
Health Affairs (Project Hope) Oct 2023A long history of discriminatory policies in the United States has created disparities in neighborhood resources that shape ethnoracial health inequities today. To...
A long history of discriminatory policies in the United States has created disparities in neighborhood resources that shape ethnoracial health inequities today. To quantify these differences, we organized publicly available data on forty-two variables at the census tract level within nine domains affected by structural racism: built environment, criminal justice, education, employment, housing, income and poverty, social cohesion, transportation, and wealth. Using data from multiple sources at several levels of geography, we developed scores in each domain, as well as a summary score that we call the Structural Racism Effect Index. We examined correlations with life expectancy and other measures of health for this index and other commonly used area-based indices. The Structural Racism Effect Index was more strongly associated with each health outcome than were the other indices. Its domain and summary scores can be used to describe differences in social risk factors, and they provide powerful new tools to guide policies and investments to advance health equity.
Topics: United States; Humans; Systemic Racism; Residence Characteristics; Housing; Income; Poverty; Racism
PubMed: 37782878
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00659 -
Quality of Life Research : An... Dec 2022To investigate the structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and construct validity of the Dutch PROMIS-29 v2.1 profile, including seven...
PURPOSE
To investigate the structural validity, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and construct validity of the Dutch PROMIS-29 v2.1 profile, including seven physical (e.g., pain, physical function), mental (e.g., depression, anxiety), and social (e.g., role functioning) domains of health, in a Dutch general population sample including subsamples with and without chronic diseases.
METHODS
The PROMIS-29 was completed by 63,602 participants from the Lifelines cohort study. Structural validity of the PROMIS-29, including unidimensionality of each domain and the physical and mental health summary scores, was evaluated using factor analyses (criteria: CFI ≥ 0.95, TLI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA ≤ 0.06, SRMR ≤ 0.08). Internal consistency, measurement invariance (no differential item functioning (DIF) for age, gender, administration mode, educational level, ethnicity, chronic diseases), and construct validity (hypotheses on known-groups validity and correlations between domains) were assessed per domain.
RESULTS
The factor structure of the seven domains was supported (CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.046, SRMR = 0.031) as was unidimensionality of each domain, both in the entire sample and the subsamples. Model fit of the physical and mental health summary scores reached the criteria, and scoring coefficients were obtained. Cronbach's alpha for the seven PROMIS-29 domains ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 in the complete sample. No DIF was detected. Of the predefined hypotheses, 78% could be confirmed.
CONCLUSION
Sufficient structural validity, internal consistency and measurement invariance were found, both in the entire sample and in subsamples with and without chronic diseases. Requirements for sufficient evidence for construct validity were (almost) met for most subscales. Future studies should investigate test-retest reliability, measurement error, and responsiveness of the PROMIS-29.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Ethnicity; Cohort Studies; Quality of Life; Chronic Disease; Psychometrics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35751760
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03171-6 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2023In recent years, the number of students enrolling in universities for higher education has increased, and these students are more diverse than ever before. Moreover, the...
In recent years, the number of students enrolling in universities for higher education has increased, and these students are more diverse than ever before. Moreover, the number of students with disabilities in higher educational institutions is also increasing. Therefore, their support needs are becoming more diverse and specialized. To examine how best to provide support to students who are unable to locate it, this study conducted a survey in which details were collected from students who were involved with university student support organizations, analyze the relationship between subjective adjustment and objective adjustment, and examine the trends in subjective quality of life (QOL). In total, 156 university students (age: mean = 22.14, standard deviation = 2.86, range = 18-7) were surveyed between April 2018 and March 2020. The Japanese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief Version, was used to analyze trends in subjective QOL. The average QOL of students who were less likely to receive support was lower than that of the general population. The results also indicated that QOL decreased as the level of disability and health status increased. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the relationship between the overall domain QOL and the domain-specific QOL suggested that the psychological and environmental domains contributed the most to the overall QOL. Accordingly, students at universities require assistance in a number of areas. Furthermore, it is essential to adjust the content and combination of support according to the objective level of adjustment.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Students; Health Status; Disabled Persons; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36964675
DOI: 10.1177/00469580231159728 -
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... May 2023Inflammasomes are important components of the innate immune system. They are assembled by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and play a critical role in the... (Review)
Review
Inflammasomes are important components of the innate immune system. They are assembled by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases through regulating the release and activation of inflammatory cytokines and inducing cell prytosis. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been widely studied and has been shown to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Bone and joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis show high prevalence worldwide and can cause bone and cartilage damage, pain, and dysfunction, adversely affecting the patients' quality of life. The reported findings of some studies indicate that the pathogenesis of various bone and articular diseases is associated with NLRP3 inflammasome. Small molecule antagonists targeting NLRP3 inflammasome have shown considerable therapeutic potentials, but their clinical application still needs further exploration. Herein, we reviewed the composition and function of NLRP3 inflammasome and its association with bone and articular diseases.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Pyrin Domain; Quality of Life; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37248605
DOI: 10.12182/20230560105 -
Rhinology Jun 2017This study is part of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study (CRES). The overarching aim is to determine factors that influence the onset and severity of chronic...
BACKGROUND
This study is part of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study (CRES). The overarching aim is to determine factors that influence the onset and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this analysis is to determine whether those with CRS are more likely to report psychiatric morbidity and in particular mood disturbance compared with healthy controls.
METHODS
CRES consists of a study-specific questionnaire regarding demographic and socioeconomic factors and past medical history as well as a nasal symptom score (SNOT-22) and SF-36 (QoL - quality of life tool). Both of these tools contain mental health or emotional well-being domains. Participants were specifically asked whether they had ever consulted with their General Practitioner for anxiety or depression. Questionnaires were distributed to patients with CRS attending ENT outpatient clinics at 30 centres across the United Kingdom from 2007-2013. Controls were also recruited at these sites. Patients were divided into subgroups of CRS according to the absence/presence of polyps (CRSsNPs/CRSwNPs) or allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS).
RESULTS
Consultations with a family physician for depression or anxiety were higher amongst those with CRS than controls, but this was only significant for those with CRSsNPs. Odds ratio (OR) for CRSsNPs vs controls: 1.89; OR for CRSwNPs: 1.40. Patients with CRS showed significantly higher mental health morbidity than controls across the mental health and emotional wellbeing domains of the SF-36 and SNOT-22. Mean difference in the mental health domain of SF-36 was 8.3 for CRSsNPs and 5.3 for CRSwNPs. For the emotional domain of SNOT-22, differences were 7.7 and 6.3 respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression and anxiety are significantly more common in patients with CRS compared to healthy controls, especially in those with CRSsNPs. This added mental health morbidity needs consideration when managing these patients in primary and secondary care settings.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28434016
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin16.111 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2018The eukaryotic genome is packaged into the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, a complex of genomic DNA and histone proteins. Chromatin structure regulation is... (Review)
Review
The eukaryotic genome is packaged into the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, a complex of genomic DNA and histone proteins. Chromatin structure regulation is critical for all DNA templated processes and involves, among many things, extensive post-translational modification of the histone proteins. These modifications can be "read out" by histone binding subdomains known as histone reader domains. A large number of reader domains have been identified and found to selectively recognize an array of histone post-translational modifications in order to target, retain, or regulate chromatin-modifying and remodeling complexes at their substrates. Interestingly, an increasing number of these histone reader domains are being identified as also harboring nucleic acid binding activity. In this review, we present a summary of the histone reader domains currently known to bind nucleic acids, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of binding and the interplay between DNA and histone recognition. Additionally, we highlight the functional implications of nucleic acid binding in chromatin association and regulation. We propose that nucleic acid binding is as functionally important as histone binding, and that a significant portion of the as yet untested reader domains will emerge to have nucleic acid binding capabilities.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; DNA; Histones; Humans; Models, Molecular; Prevalence; Protein Binding; Protein Domains
PubMed: 30322003
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102614 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Women usually have lower levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than men. This sex gap can be accounted for by differences in MVPA in the work/household,...
BACKGROUND
Women usually have lower levels of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than men. This sex gap can be accounted for by differences in MVPA in the work/household, transport, and/or leisure domains. Identifying where the differences lay in a context-specific manner may help close the gap. We aimed to compare MVPA by domain, and the relative contribution of each domain to total MVPA, between men and women in Chile.
METHODS
We analyzed the cross-sectional National Health Survey of Chile 2016-2017 ( = 5,056, 64% women, ≥18 years old). MVPA was estimated with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. MVPA was expressed in MET × min/week, and the relative contribution to total MVPA by each domain was expressed as percentage. Analyses were conducted including all participants, and also including participants reporting >0 MET × min/week of MVPA (relative contributions can only be computed in the latter).
RESULTS
Including all participants, women (vs. men) had lower MVPA (median [25-75th percentile]) for work/household (0 [0-960] vs. 0 [0-5,760] MET × min/week), for transport (360 [0-1,200] vs. 600 [0-1,680] MET × min/week), and for leisure domains (0 [0-0] vs. 0 [0-480] MET × min/week). Including only participants with >0 MET × min/week of MVPA, women (vs. men) had lower mean relative contributions to total MVPA from work/household (31.3 vs. 35.9%) and leisure domains (10.8 vs. 16.3%, respectively), but higher from the transport domain (57.9 vs. 47.8%).
CONCLUSION
In Chile, differences in all physical activity domains account for the sex gap in MVPA. Strategies to break job stereotypes, increase opportunities for leisure, and ease active transport are required to encourage MVPA in women.
Topics: Adolescent; Chile; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male
PubMed: 36249260
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1011790 -
Science Immunology Jul 2020Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important for determining SARS-CoV-2 exposures within both...
Limited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important for determining SARS-CoV-2 exposures within both individuals and populations. We validated a SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain serological test using 834 pre-pandemic samples and 31 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors. We then completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the community.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Antibodies, Viral; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cohort Studies; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Health Status Disparities; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Pandemics; Philadelphia; Pneumonia, Viral; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Protein Domains; SARS-CoV-2; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Young Adult
PubMed: 32727884
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5709 -
BMC Medical Education Sep 2023Medical residency is a part of postgraduate medical education and involves clinical training in a selected specialty. It is a challenging step in a physician's... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Medical residency is a part of postgraduate medical education and involves clinical training in a selected specialty. It is a challenging step in a physician's professional development. This study aims to estimate the impact of the residency training program and demographic factors on the trainee's state of well-being (SOW).
METHODS
This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out in the year 2019-2020, which aimed to measure the SOW of residents undergoing clinical training in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 260 residents participated in the study. A self-administered validated online the World Health Organization, Quality of Life Scale questionnaire- BREF was distributed to collect the data. The collected information on four different domains was analysed and compared across the baseline characteristics and different specialties. When appropriate, the independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation analysis, and ANOVA tests were used.
RESULTS
A total of 260 resident responses were included in the final analysis The results revealed a significant difference in physical health scores (p = 0.006), social relationship scores (p = 0.038), and environmental scores (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was found in psychological health scores among the physicians' specialties (p = 0.053). Post hoc comparison found statistically significant variations in the physical health domain between the medical and emergency specialties (p = 0.007), as well as surgical and emergency specialties (p = 0.024). There was also a significant difference between medical and emergency specialties (p = 0.008) in the social relationship domain. In the environment domain, significant variation was reported between medical specialties and emergency specialties (p = 0.001), as well asbetween surgical specialties and emergency specialties (p = 0.045). Female residents reported significantly lower quality of life in the physical (p = 0.020) and psychological (p = 0.032) domains.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant relationship was found between physical, social, and environmental domains according to residents' specialties. The factors that affected one or more domains included age, female gender, marital status, disease status, the number of on-calls received, and workload. We emphasize the importance of implementing policies to regulate working hours and on-call schedules as well as prioritizing mental health support.
Topics: Female; Animals; Saudi Arabia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Medicine; Correlation of Data
PubMed: 37684578
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04596-4