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Journal of Biomedical Science Jul 2018Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral infection. DENV infection can cause mild dengue fever or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever... (Review)
Review
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral infection. DENV infection can cause mild dengue fever or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Hemorrhage and vascular leakage are two characteristic symptoms of DHF/DSS. However, due to the limited understanding of dengue pathogenesis, no satisfactory therapies to treat nor vaccine to prevent dengue infection are available, and the mortality of DHF/DSS is still high. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which can be secreted in patients' sera, has been used as an early diagnostic marker for dengue infection for many years. However, the roles of NS1 in dengue-induced vascular leakage were described only recently. In this article, the pathogenic roles of DENV NS1 in hemorrhage and vascular leakage are reviewed, and the possibility of using NS1 as a therapeutic target and vaccine candidate is discussed.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Dengue Virus; Humans; Severe Dengue; Vaccines; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
PubMed: 30037331
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0462-0 -
Current Opinion in Virology Jun 2015Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue virus fever. It infects about 400 million people per year and leads to about 21,000 deaths annually. There is available... (Review)
Review
Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue virus fever. It infects about 400 million people per year and leads to about 21,000 deaths annually. There is available neither a fully successful vaccine nor a successful drug therapy. Some dengue virus serotypes undergo a temperature dependent conformational change from a 'smooth' form at lower temperatures to a 'bumpy' form at temperatures approaching 37°C, the human body temperature. The bumpy structure is less stable and is probably an intermediate in the formation of a fusogenic virus particle.
Topics: Body Temperature; Dengue Virus; Humans; Temperature; Virion
PubMed: 25974180
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.006 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Feb 2018Dengue is a global health problem and expansion of its endemics towards new territories in the hilly regions in Nepal is a serious concern. It appeared as a new disease... (Review)
Review
Dengue is a global health problem and expansion of its endemics towards new territories in the hilly regions in Nepal is a serious concern. It appeared as a new disease in Nepal in 2004 from Japanese traveler with sporadic cases every year and massive outbreaks in 2010, 2013 and 2016. The serotype was responsible for outbreak in particular year was dengue virus serotype-1 (DENV-1) in 2010, 2016; and DENV-2 in 2013. Nepal lacks basic health related infrastructure in rural areas and does not have a stringent health care policy. With severances of epidemic like dengue, a new surveillance or an upgrading of existing one are direly needed to better challenge the possible outbreaks. This review paper aims to explain the dengue trend in last one decade in Nepal and warrants concerted and timely public health interventions to minimize the deleterious effects of the disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemics; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Male; Nepal; Public Health; Seasons; Serogroup; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 29471819
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0258-9 -
Virologica Sinica Dec 2014Dengue virus (DENV) has four distinct serotypes. DENV infection can result in classic dengue fever and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.... (Review)
Review
Dengue virus (DENV) has four distinct serotypes. DENV infection can result in classic dengue fever and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent decades, DENV infection has become an important public health concern in epidemic-prone areas. Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent and control viral infections. However, several challenges impede the development of effective DENV vaccines, such as the lack of suitable animal models and the antibody-dependent enhancement phenomenon. Although no licensed DENV vaccine is available, significant progress has been made. This review summarizes candidate DENV vaccines from recent investigations.
Topics: Animals; Dengue; Dengue Vaccines; Dengue Virus; Humans
PubMed: 25547681
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3542-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Dengue virus (DENV) is a single-stranded (+)-sense RNA virus that infects humans and mosquitoes, posing a significant health risk in tropical and subtropical regions....
Dengue virus (DENV) is a single-stranded (+)-sense RNA virus that infects humans and mosquitoes, posing a significant health risk in tropical and subtropical regions. Mature virions are composed of an icosahedral shell of envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins circumscribing a lipid bilayer, which in turn contains a complex of the approximately 11 kb genomic RNA with capsid (C) proteins. Whereas the structure of the envelope is clearly defined, the structure of the packaged genome in complex with C proteins remains elusive. Here, we investigated the interactions of C proteins with viral RNA, in solution and inside mature virions, via footprinting and cross-linking experiments. We demonstrated that C protein interaction with DENV genomes saturates at an RNA:C protein ratio below 1:250. Moreover, we also showed that the length of the RNA genome interaction sites varies, in a multimodal distribution, consistent with the C protein binding to each RNA site mostly in singlets or pairs (and, in some instances, higher numbers). We showed that interaction sites are preferentially sites with low base pairing, as previously measured by 2'-acetylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) reactivity indicating structuredness. We found a clear association pattern emerged: RNA-C protein binding sites are strongly associated with long-range RNA-RNA interaction sites, particularly inside virions. This, in turn, explains the need for C protein in viral genome packaging: the protein has a chief role in coordinating these key interactions, promoting proper packaging of viral RNA. Such sites are, thus, highly consequential for viral assembly, and, as such, may be targeted in future drug development strategies against these and related viruses.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Capsid Proteins; Dengue Virus; Genome, Viral; Capsid; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 37175867
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098158 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2017Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, was an almost neglected pathogen until its introduction in the Americas in 2015 and its subsequent explosive... (Review)
Review
Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, was an almost neglected pathogen until its introduction in the Americas in 2015 and its subsequent explosive spread throughout the continent, where it has infected millions of people. The virus has caused social and sanitary alarm, mainly due to its association with severe neurological disorders (Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in fetuses and newborns). Nowadays, no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV is available. However, during the past months, a great effort has been made to search for antiviral candidates using different approaches and methodologies, ranging from testing specific compounds with known antiviral activity to the screening of libraries with hundreds of bioactive molecules. The identified antiviral candidates include drugs targeting viral components as well as cellular ones. Here, an updated review of what has been done in this line is presented.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Dengue Virus; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Protease Inhibitors; Viral Proteins; Zika Virus
PubMed: 28348160
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00411-17 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2018Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically distinct serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV), namely DENV1-4 and is currently considered the most... (Review)
Review
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically distinct serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV), namely DENV1-4 and is currently considered the most important arthropod-born viral disease in the world. An effective antiviral therapy to treat Dengue Virus infection is still missing and a number of replicative cycle inhibitors are currently under study. Considering the rapid spreading of DENV and the common timeframe required for bringing a new drug on the market, the repurposing of approved drugs used for different diseases to identify novel inhibitors of this pathogen represents an attractive approach for a rapid therapeutic intervention. Herein, we will describe the most recent drug repurposing approaches to fight DENV infection and their implications in antiviral drug-discovery.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Drug Discovery; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Virus Replication
PubMed: 28930586
DOI: 10.2741/4630 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Mar 2017Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging RNA virus in the widespread Flavivirus genus. Recently, ZIKV has rapidly spread around the world and has been implicated in human... (Review)
Review
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging RNA virus in the widespread Flavivirus genus. Recently, ZIKV has rapidly spread around the world and has been implicated in human disease, including neurological disorders, triggering public and scientific attention. Understanding how ZIKV causes disease is the highest priority, yet little is known about this virus. Here we examine the currently published data from ZIKV studies to provide the latest understanding of ZIKV genome biology and molecular pathogenesis. The ZIKV genome evolved rapidly from the Flavivirus genus and diverged from the members of this genus, even within the dengue virus cluster to which ZIKV belongs. Genome variations and divergences also exist among ZIKV strains/isolates. These genome divergences might account for the uniqueness of Zika disease. ZIKV infection activates not only the antiviral immune response but also the pro-inflammatory responses associated with disease symptoms. Strikingly, ZIKV activates protein complexes that are functionally associated with disease process, such as glial cell activation and proliferation (for example, Toll-like receptors), apoptosis and cell death, and inflammation. The activation of these complexes may critically contribute to Zika disease. The novel insights into ZIKV genome divergence and disease mechanisms summarized in this review will help accelerate the development of anti-ZIKV strategies.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Dengue Virus; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Humans; Neuroglia; Phylogeny; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 28325921
DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.141 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2021Dengue fever is a mosquito born disease associated with self-limited to life threatening illness. First detected in Senegal in the nineteenth century, and despite its...
BACKGROUND
Dengue fever is a mosquito born disease associated with self-limited to life threatening illness. First detected in Senegal in the nineteenth century, and despite its growing incidence this last decade, significant knowledge gaps exist in our knowledge of genetic diversity of circulating strains. This study highlights the circulating serotypes and genotypes between January 2017 and December 2018 and their spatial and temporal distribution throughout all regions of Senegal.
METHODS
We used 56 dengue virus (DENV) strains for the analysis collected from 11 sampling areas: 39 from all regions of Senegal, and 17 isolates from Thiès, a particular area of the country. Two real time RT-qPCR systems were used to confirm dengue infection and corresponding serotypes. For molecular characterization, CprM gene was sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis for serotypes and genotypes assignment.
RESULTS
Three dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1-3) were detected by all used methods. DENV-3 was detected in 50% (28/56) of the isolates, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-2, each representing 25% (14/56) of the isolates. DENV-3 belongs to genotype III, DENV-1 to genotype V and DENV-2 to Cosmopolitan genotype. Serotype 3 was detected in 7 sampling locations and a co-circulation of different serotypes was observed in Thiès, Fatick and Richard-toll.
CONCLUSIONS
These results emphasize the need of continuous DENV surveillance in Senegal to detect DENV cases, to define circulating serotypes/genotypes and to prevent the spread and the occurrence of severe cases.
Topics: Dengue; Dengue Virus; Humans; Phylogeny; Public Health Surveillance; Senegal; Serogroup; Spatial Analysis
PubMed: 34429064
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06580-z -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2018The focus of this review is to discuss findings in the last 10 years that have advanced our understanding of human NK cell responses to dengue virus. We will review... (Review)
Review
The focus of this review is to discuss findings in the last 10 years that have advanced our understanding of human NK cell responses to dengue virus. We will review recently identified interactions of activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells with dengue virus, human NK responses to natural dengue infection and highlight possible interactions by which NK cells may shape adaptive immune responses. T cell responses to natural dengue infection will be reviewed by Laura Rivino in Chap. 17 . With the advent of numerous dengue vaccine clinical trials, we will also review T and NK cell immune responses to dengue virus vaccination. As our understanding of the diverse functions of NK cell has advanced, it has become increasingly clear that human NK cell responses to viral infections are more complicated than initially recognized.
Topics: Animals; Dengue; Dengue Vaccines; Dengue Virus; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccination
PubMed: 29845538
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_18