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Genes Feb 2021Recent advantages in paleomicrobiology have provided an opportunity to investigate the composition of ancient microbial ecologies. Here, using metagenome analysis, we...
Recent advantages in paleomicrobiology have provided an opportunity to investigate the composition of ancient microbial ecologies. Here, using metagenome analysis, we investigated the microbial profiles of historic dental calculus retrieved from archaeological human remains from postmedieval Latvia dated 16-17th century AD and examined the associations of oral taxa and microbial diversity with specific characteristics. We evaluated the preservation of human oral microbiome patterns in historic samples and compared the microbial composition of historic dental calculus, modern human dental plaque, modern human dental calculus samples and burial soil microbiota. Overall, the results showed that the majority of microbial DNA in historic dental calculus originated from the oral microbiome with little impact of the burial environment. Good preservation of ancient DNA in historical dental calculus samples has provided reliable insight into the composition of the oral microbiome of postmedieval Latvian individuals. The relative stability of the classifiable oral microbiome composition was observed. Significant differences between the microbiome profiles of dental calculus and dental plaque samples were identified, suggesting microbial adaptation to a specific human body environment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Archaeology; Body Remains; Burial; Child; DNA, Ancient; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Latvia; Male; Metagenome; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Soil Microbiology; Young Adult
PubMed: 33671794
DOI: 10.3390/genes12020309 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2023To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.
METHODS
One hundred and eighty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking status, oral hygiene attitudes, medical status, medications and the data related to dental visit were obtained via structured questionnaire of 45 questions. Medication information were confirmed from hospital records. The DMFT score (the Total of decayed, missing and filled teeth), denture status, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) and attachment loss were recorded in accordance with the criteria defined by the WHO.
RESULTS
The mean DMFT score was 11.1±8.6. Total number of teeth decreased, while the number of decayed teeth and DMFT scores increased with age (p<0.001). There was no relationship between the anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics and the teeth count, number of decayed, filled and missing teeth, and the DMFT scores. The CPITN assessment revealed that 71.6% of the patients had healthy periodontium, 7.4% exhibited gingival bleeding upon probing, and 21% had dental calculus. Psychotropic medication and tooth brushing habits were associated with CPITN scores. Male sex was associated with higher frequency of denture need (p<0.001), while no association was observed with the education level and antipsychotic use (p>0.001).
CONCLUSION
Physicians and dentists have to work in coordination to maintain good oral health of patients with schizophrenia. Patients should be encouraged for regular dental check-ups and dentist should take utmost care of the oral hygiene maintenance.
Topics: Humans; Male; Oral Health; Schizophrenia; Outpatients; Turkey; Tooth Loss; Antipsychotic Agents
PubMed: 38173327
DOI: 10.5080/u27364 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2021To evaluate the effects of different lingual retainers on periodontal health and stability of mandibular anterior teeth at the 1-year follow-up. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of different lingual retainers on periodontal health and stability of mandibular anterior teeth at the 1-year follow-up.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred thirty-two patients were randomly allocated to four groups using different lingual retainers: group 1, 0.016 × 0.022-in dead-soft wire; group 2, 0.0215-in 5-strand stainless steel wire; group 3, 0.014 × 0.014-in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing nitinol retainer (Memotain); group 4, connected bonding pads. Plaque, gingival, and calculus indexes were used to evaluate periodontal health, and Little's irregularity index, intercanine width, and arch length measurements were performed to evaluate stability. All measurements were performed at each time point (debonding and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months).
RESULTS
The mean value of the gingival index obtained in group 3 was lower than the mean value for all other groups. The mean value of the calculus index was the lowest in group 3, and there was a significant difference between group 3 and groups 1 and 2. No differences were found among the groups in terms of plaque index, intercanine width, and arch length. The least irregularity was obtained in groups 2 and 3. There were no significant differences between these groups and groups 1 and 4.
CONCLUSIONS
Gingival inflammation and calculus accumulation were the lowest in group 3 (Memotain). The irregularity for Memotain and stainless steel retainers was less than or the other groups. However, no clinically significant worsening of periodontal health or relapse were seen in any groups after 1 year.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Retainers; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 33587126
DOI: 10.2319/110220-904.1 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2022To evaluate re-osseointegration after electrolytic cleaning and regenerative therapy of dental implants with peri-implantitis in humans.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate re-osseointegration after electrolytic cleaning and regenerative therapy of dental implants with peri-implantitis in humans.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four dental implants that developed peri-implantitis underwent electrolytic cleaning followed by regenerative therapy with guided bone regeneration. All four implants developed recurrent peri-implantitis and were therefore explanted 6 to 13 months later. Radiographic bone level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were determined at the time of surgery, 6 months later, and before implant retrieval. The peri-implant tissues were histologically and histomorphometrically analyzed.
RESULTS
All four implants demonstrated radiographic and histological bone gain, reduced probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Radiographic bone gain was 5.8 mm mesially and 4.8 mm distally for implant #1, 3.3 mm and 2.3 mm for implant #2, 3.1 mm and 0.5 mm for implant #3, and 3.5 mm and 2.8 mm for implant #4. The histometric mean and maximum vertical bone gain for implant #1 to #4 was 1.65 mm and 2.54 mm, 3.04 mm and 3.47 mm, 0.43 mm and 1.27 mm, and 4.16 mm and 5.22 mm, respectively. The percentage of re-osseointegration for implant #1 to #4 was 21.0%, 36.9%, 5.7%, and 39.0%, respectively. In one implant, the newly formed bone was deposited directly onto calculus on the implant surface.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that (1) re-osseointegration is possible on a formerly contaminated implant surface and (2) the electrolytic cleaning process seems to be effective enough at sites with calculus residues.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Since re-osseointegration can be achieved by electrolytic cleaning, this decontamination technique may be considered as a future treatment concept.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Dental Implants; Humans; Osseointegration; Peri-Implantitis
PubMed: 35244779
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04345-1 -
Rapid Communications in Mass... Jun 2022Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) is composed primarily of hydroxyapatite. We hypothesise that the carbonate component of dental calculus will reflect the...
RATIONALE
Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) is composed primarily of hydroxyapatite. We hypothesise that the carbonate component of dental calculus will reflect the isotopic composition of ingested simple carbohydrates. Therefore, dental calculus carbonates may be an indicator for sugar consumption, and an alternative to bone carbonate in isotopic palaeodiet studies.
METHODS
We utilised Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance analysis to characterise the composition and crystallisation of bone and dental calculus before isotope analysis of carbonate. Using a Sercon 20-22 mass spectrometer coupled with a Sercon GSL sample preparation system and an IsoPrime 100 dual inlet mass spectrometer plus Multiprep device to measure carbon, we tested the potential of dental calculus carbonate to identify C resources in diet through analysis of δ C values in paired bone, calculus and teeth mineral samples.
RESULTS
The modern population shows higher δ C values in all three tissue carbonates compared to both archaeological populations. Clear differences in dental calculus δ C values are observed between the modern and archaeological individuals suggesting potential for utilising dental calculus in isotope palaeodiet studies. The offset between dental calculus and either bone or enamel carbonate δ C values is large and consistent in direction, with no consistent offset between the δ C values for the three tissues per individual.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results support dental calculus carbonate as a new biomaterial to identify C sugar through isotope analysis. Greater carbon fractionation in the mouth is likely due to the complex formation of dental calculus as a mineralized biofilm, which results in consistently high δ C values compared to bone and enamel.
Topics: Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Carbonates; Dental Calculus; Dietary Sugars; Humans; Isotopes; Sugars
PubMed: 35261104
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9286 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
According to epidemiological studies, gingivitis is a common disease. However, its morbidity, considerably varies among individual. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of gingivitis, including prevalence, severity, intraoral distribution, and associated risk factors, in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou, China.
METHODS
A multistage, whole-group, randomized sample of 2880 children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou City, China, was selected and clinically examined. Each selected child completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and oral health behaviors in cooperation with the investigator and teacher. Gingival bleeding refers to the bleeding of 10% or more teeth under the condition of ingivitis. Gingivitis was further categorized into localized gingivitis (30% ≥ number of teeth positive for gingival bleeding ≥ 10%) and generalized gingivitis (number of positive for gingival bleeding > 30%). The score of gingival bleeding was recorded using the Gingival Index.
RESULTS
The prevalence of gingivitis in children aged 6-12 years in Jinzhou was 28.58%, including 701 cases of localized gingivitis (24.3%) and 122 cases of generalized gingivitis (4.2%). There were 429 cases (28.3%) of gingivitis in males and 394 cases (28.9%) in females, with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males and females (P > 0.05). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analysis showed that aging, dental calculus, plaque, and dental crowding were significantly associated with a high prevalence of gingivitis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that dental calculus, large amount dental plaque, poor oral health behavior, and oral health awareness are associated with the prevalence of gingivitis and maintaining children's oral health requires professional guidance and regular preventive care.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Humans; Dental Calculus; Prevalence; Gingivitis; Oral Health; Gingival Hemorrhage; Risk Factors; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 36544102
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02670-9 -
Frontiers of Oral and Maxillofacial... Mar 2023The conventional method of detecting subgingival calculus involves using a periodontal probe to sense tactile differences on the dental root surface. Although efficient,...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The conventional method of detecting subgingival calculus involves using a periodontal probe to sense tactile differences on the dental root surface. Although efficient, this method can result in false positives and false negatives. This literature review explores alternative detection techniques that can detect subgingival calculus with improved accuracy and consistency. The accumulation of dental calculus below the gingival margin can foster periodontitis-inducing bacterial growth. Conventional methods of locating subgingival calculus are often inaccurate and highly dependent on clinician skill. This literature review evaluates techniques used to improve the accuracy of imaging and detecting subgingival calculus.
METHODS
Google Scholar, PubMed and PubMed Central databases were searched for peer-reviewed original articles evaluating subgingival calculus imaging and detection techniques. A total of 46 relevant articles ranging from 1981 to 2021 were included.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS
This narrative review discusses the subgingival calculus detection and imaging capabilities of periodontal endoscopy in an study and of optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence spectroscopy, and differential reflectometry in settings. Each technique has unique benefits and limitations that distinguishes it from the others.
CONCLUSIONS
studies have revealed that techniques including periodontal endoscopy, OCT, fluorescence spectroscopy, or differential reflectometry allow for a more accurate diagnosis of subgingival calculus deposits in comparison to detection via periodontal probing. Despite the improved results, the common limitations of these techniques include longer operation times and expensive equipment. Further studies are needed to transition these imaging and detection methods to clinical environments.
PubMed: 37829152
DOI: 10.21037/fomm-21-57 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Sep 2018Pathological calcifications that occur in various parts of the body may cause stone formation over time. The structure of these stones is similar in many regions of the...
OBJECTIVE
Pathological calcifications that occur in various parts of the body may cause stone formation over time. The structure of these stones is similar in many regions of the body. We have studied the relationship between dental calculi and kidney stones.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 183 patients with dental stone complaints or dental calculi were included between April and August 2016 in the Cagri Dental Hospital, Elazig, Turkey. Patients were evaluated with regard to a urinary tract ultrasonography, urinalysis, oral hygiene, and stone and surgical disease history. All information was statistically investigated.
RESULTS
The age of the patients in the kidney stones group was significantly higher than the non-kidney stone patients (p < 0.05). In the group with kidney stones, the percentage of dental calculus formation was significantly higher than the group without stones (p < 0.05). In the groups with and without kidney stones, dental stone recurrence rates did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Urinary pH was significantly lower in the group with stones than the group without stones (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
During a physical examination, the formation of a visible stone, such as a dental calculus, may be an indicator of other types of stones, such as kidney stones, and this should be further investigated.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Dental Calculus; Female; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 30362677
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2018.3.159 -
Cureus Jul 2023Pyrrhus of Epirus, widely respected and feared by his contemporaries, was a legendary figure in the ancient world. In this paper, we investigate Plutarch's description... (Review)
Review
Pyrrhus of Epirus, widely respected and feared by his contemporaries, was a legendary figure in the ancient world. In this paper, we investigate Plutarch's description of the king's unique dental pathology. There are several possibilities to explain the ancient king's presentation, including several different types of developmental dysplasia. However, our conclusion is that it was likely due to a significant dental calculus overgrowth, often seen in the ancient Greek diet of the time. Whatever the underlying cause, Pyrrhus' intimidating visage helped secure the king a legacy that lasts to this day.
PubMed: 37621791
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42356 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Indigenous South Australians carry a disproportionate burden of dental diseases, with approximately 80 percent of Indigenous adults having both periodontal disease and...
BACKGROUND
Indigenous South Australians carry a disproportionate burden of dental diseases, with approximately 80 percent of Indigenous adults having both periodontal disease and dental caries. The chronic inflammatory nature of many dental conditions means there are widespread systemic impacts, particularly on type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests there are barriers experienced by Indigenous South Australians in accessing timely and culturally safe dental care. This study aims to: (1) elicit the views of Indigenous South Australians regarding their perspectives of what comprises culturally safe dental care; (2) provide such dental care and; (3) assess any changes in both oral and general health using point-of-care testing following receipt of timely, comprehensive and culturally safe dental care.
METHODS/DESIGN
This mixed-methods study will involve qualitative interviews and an intervention without randomisation. The qualitative component will comprise seeking perspectives of Indigenous South Australians regarding what culturally safe dental care means for them. For the intervention component, participants will take part in oral epidemiological examinations at baseline and 12-month follow-up (after receipt of dental care), which will include collection of saliva, plaque and calculus, as well as completion of a self-report questionnaire. The primary outcome measures-changes in type 2 diabetes (HbA1c), cardiovascular disease (CRP) and chronic kidney disease (ACR)-will be obtained by blood/urine spot from a finger prick/urine collection at baseline and 12-month follow-up via point-of-care testing.
RESULTS
Participant recruitment will commence in July 2022. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication one year after recruitment begins.
DISCUSSION
The project will have a number of important outcomes, including increased understanding of what culturally safe dental care means for Indigenous South Australians, the delivery of such care, and empirical evidence of how culturally safe dental care leads to better prognosis for chronic diseases linked with poor oral health. This will be important for health services planning, especially in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation sector, where the management of dental diseases in a culturally safe manner for better chronic disease outcomes is currently insufficiently understood, planned and budgeted for.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dental Caries; South Australia; Australia; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Dental Care; Health Services, Indigenous
PubMed: 36833652
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042955