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Journal of Dental Research Mar 2023There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based... (Review)
Review
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36694473
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration... (Review)
Review
The cementation of indirect restoration is one of the most important steps in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Cementation aims to bond the prosthetic restoration to the prepared enamel or enamel and dentine. Successful cementation protocols prevent biofilm formation at the margin between tooth and restoration and minimize mechanical and biological complications. With the advancements in dental cements, they have been modified to be versatile in terms of handling, curing, and bond strengths. This review presents updates on dental cements, focusing on the composition, properties, advantages, limitations, and indications of the various cements available. Currently, dental restorations are made from various biomaterials, and depending on each clinical case, an appropriate luting material will be selected. There is no luting material that can be universally used. Therefore, it is important to distinguish the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of luting materials in order to identify the best options for each case. Nowadays, the most commonly used dental cements are glass-ionomer and resin cement. The type, shade, thickness of resin cement and the shade of the ceramic, all together, have a tangible influence on the final restoration color. Surface treatments of the restoration increase the microtensile bond strength. Hence, the proper surface treatment protocol of both the substrate and restoration surfaces is needed before cementation. Additionally, the manufacturer's instructions for the thin cement-layer thickness are important for the long-term success of the restoration.
Topics: Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Biocompatible Materials; Glass Ionomer Cements; Cementation; Dental Cements; Surface Properties; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36838607
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041619 -
Journal of Oral Science Nov 2019In this study, dentin bond fatigue resistance and interfacial science characteristics of universal adhesives through etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes were...
In this study, dentin bond fatigue resistance and interfacial science characteristics of universal adhesives through etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes were investigated. Resin composite was bonded to human dentin with four universal adhesives, namely, Adhese Universal, All-Bond Universal, G-Premio Bond, and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive. The initial bond strengths, bond fatigue strengths, and interfacial science characteristics of the universal adhesives with dentin through etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes were determined. Bond fatigue resistance (initial bond strength and bond fatigue strength) of universal adhesives in etch-and-rinse mode showed no significant difference in contrast to that in self-etch mode and was material-dependent regardless of the etching mode. Although phosphoric acid conditioning of dentin did not have a strong impact on the bond fatigue resistance, surface free energy and parameters of dentin were significantly decreased by etching and by application of universal adhesives regardless of etching mode. Changes in γ and γ for when universal adhesive was applied to etched and ground dentin were significantly different depending on the adhesive. The results suggest that bonding performance of universal adhesives was effective in both etching modes; however, bonding mechanisms may be different for each.
Topics: Adhesives; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 31631096
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0433 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jul 2018The aim of this review was to summarize the existing scientific literature investigating on cervical margin relocation technique (CMR) performed prior to the adhesive... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The aim of this review was to summarize the existing scientific literature investigating on cervical margin relocation technique (CMR) performed prior to the adhesive cementation of the indirect restorations.
STUDY SELECTION
An electronic search with no date restriction was conducted in the MEDLINE database, accessed through PubMed. The following main keywords were used: "cervical margin relocation", "coronal margin relocation", "deep margin elevation" and "proximal box elevation".
RESULTS
Seven in vitro studies and 5 clinical reports investigating on CMR are taken into consideration for the present review. The most frequently investigated parameter in almost all of the in vitro studies was the marginal adaptation of the indirect restorations. One study additionally assessed the influence of CMR on the fracture behavior of the restored teeth and one study assessed the bond strength of the indirect composite restoration to the proximal box floor. Clinical reports provided documentation with a detailed description of the treatment protocol. In the current literature no randomized controlled clinical trials or prospective or retrospective clinical studies on CMR technique could be found.
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the reviewed literature, it can be concluded that currently there is no strong scientific evidence that could either support or discourage the use of CMR technique prior to restoration of deep subgingival defects with indirect adhesive restorations. Randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to provide the reliable evidence on the influence of CMR technique on the clinical performance, especially on the longevity of the restorations and the periodontal health.
Topics: Composite Resins; Databases, Bibliographic; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resin Cements
PubMed: 29153552
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2017.09.005 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2019This study evaluated the immediate and 6-month dentin bond strength of universal adhesives used in etch-and-rinse or self-etch bonding strategies. The adhesives tested...
This study evaluated the immediate and 6-month dentin bond strength of universal adhesives used in etch-and-rinse or self-etch bonding strategies. The adhesives tested were Ambar Universal, G-Bond, Single Bond Universal, Tetric N-Bond Universal, and Ybond Universal. Gold standard adhesives (Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus and Clearfil SE Bond) were controls. Microtensile dentin bond strength (n=5 teeth), pH, and C=C conversion (n=3) were evaluated. Data were analyzed at α=0.05. All adhesives showed differences in pH. Ybond had intermediately strong aggressiveness, whereas the others were ultra-mild. The C=C conversion was different in most adhesives. In the etch-and-rinse strategy, all adhesives showed similar results generally except for G-Bond, which had lower bond strength than most adhesives. G-Bond and Tetric-N-Bond showed lower bond strengths after 6 months compared with 24 h, whereas the other adhesives had stable dentin bonds. In the self-etch strategy, G-Bond had lower bond strength than most adhesives. After 6 months, Ambar was the only adhesive showing lower dentin bond strength compared with 24 h. Most adhesives had discreet drops in bond strength during aging when used in the self-etch strategy. The failure modes were also material dependent, with a general pattern of increased adhesive and/or pre-testing failures after storage. In conclusion, the bonding performance of universal adhesives to dentin is material dependent. Most adhesives had stable dentin bonds with results comparable to the gold standard materials, particularly when applied in the self-etch mode. In general, it seems the use of universal adhesives in dentin should not be preceded by phosphoric acid etching.
Topics: Adhesives; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 31596331
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902578 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Dec 2021Biodentine is a calcium silicate/calcium carbonate/zirconium dioxide/water-based dental replacement biomaterial, significantly outperforming the stiffness and hardness...
Biodentine is a calcium silicate/calcium carbonate/zirconium dioxide/water-based dental replacement biomaterial, significantly outperforming the stiffness and hardness properties of chemically similar construction cement pastes. We here report the first systematic micromechanical investigation of Biodentine, combining grid nanoindentation with ultrasonic testing and micromechanical modeling. Histograms of nanoindentation-probed hardness and elastic modulus, comprising more than 5700 values each, are very well represented by the superposition of three log-normal distributions (LNDs). Most of the data (74%) belong to the intermediate LND, representing highly dense calcite-reinforced hydration products with on-average more than 60GPa elastic modulus and 3GPa hardness. The remaining data refer, on the one hand, to lower density hydration products, and on the other hand, to single-micron-sized unhydrated clinker and zirconium-dioxide inclusions. Micromechanical homogenization of these three material phases delivers elastic properties of the overall cement paste material, which significantly exceed those probed by more than 300 ultrasonic tests performed in the kHz and MHz regime. This indicates the presence of micro-defects, which slightly weaken the otherwise highly optimized biomaterial system.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Construction Materials; Glass Ionomer Cements; Hardness; Water
PubMed: 34634693
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104863 -
F1000Research 2023To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival...
BACKGROUND
To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival fibroblast (HGF).
METHODS
3 cement pellet samples were made for each 4-test cement (n=12). The cement used for this study were zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc oxide non-eugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200 (RU200), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues was investigated using one commercial cell line. All processing was done following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay Test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Standard laboratory procedures were followed to permit cell growth and confluence over 48 hrs after sub-cultivation. Before being subjected to analysis, the cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for the suggested time period. To validate the results the specimens were tested three times each. Cell death and inhibition of cell growth were measured quantitatively. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a=0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test.
RESULTS
The study showed the dental cement test material was cytotoxic. ZOE, ZP, GIC, and RU200 were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, significantly reducing cell viability after exposure to HGF (p <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this in-vitro cellular study, results indicated that HGF were vulnerable to the test the dental cement. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in ZOE, followed by ZP, GIC, and RU200.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Dental Implants; Time Factors; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38826571
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140071.2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2018Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is important to enable effective and efficient treatment with fixed appliances. The problem is bracket failure during treatment... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth is important to enable effective and efficient treatment with fixed appliances. The problem is bracket failure during treatment which increases operator chairside time and lengthens treatment time. A prolonged treatment is likely to increase the oral health risks of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances one of which is irreversible enamel decalcification. This is an update of the Cochrane Review first published in 2003. A new full search was conducted on 26 September 2017 but no new studies were identified. We have only updated the search methods section in this new version. The conclusions of this Cochrane Review remain the same.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of different orthodontic adhesives for bonding.
SEARCH METHODS
Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register (to 26 September 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2017, Issue 8) in the Cochrane Library (searched 26 September 2017), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 26 September 2017), and Embase Ovid (1980 to 26 September 2017). The US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Trials were selected if they met the following criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing two different adhesive groups. Participants were patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. The interventions were adhesives that bonded stainless steel brackets to all teeth except the molars. The primary outcome was debond or bracket failure.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were recorded on decalcification as a secondary outcome, if present. Information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcome measures and results were extracted in duplicate by pairs of review authors. Since the data were not presented in a form that was amenable to meta-analysis, the results of the review are presented in narrative form only.
MAIN RESULTS
Three trials satisfied the inclusion criteria. A chemical cured composite was compared with a light cured composite (one trial), a conventional glass ionomer cement (one trial) and a polyacid-modified resin composite (compomer) (one trial). The quality of the trial reports was generally poor.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is no clear evidence on which to make a clinical decision of the type of orthodontic adhesive to use.
Topics: Compomers; Decalcification, Pathologic; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 29630138
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002282.pub2 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2023To compare the effect of polymerization of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and dual-cure resin cement on the crystalline structure and to correlate it clinically...
Comparison and evaluation of the effect of polymerization of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and dual-cure resin cement on the crystalline structure of dentin using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and its clinical correlation with postoperative sensitivity.
AIM
To compare the effect of polymerization of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and dual-cure resin cement on the crystalline structure and to correlate it clinically with postoperative sensitivity.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The evaluation of crystalline strain in the dentin slabs was done using Synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The post operative sensitivity was measured clinically using Schiff's sensitivity scale.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 44 extracted and noncarious premolars were collected. Dentin slabs of dimensions 2 mm × 2 mm × 1.5 mm were prepared from the buccal aspect of the extracted teeth. The dentin slabs were then divided into two groups, Group A dual-cured resin cement and Group B resin-modified glass ionomer cement was applied. The dentin slabs first underwent synchrotron X-ray diffraction before and after the application of cement. Forty-two patients who were undergoing complete metal fixed prostheses on vital posterior abutments were selected. In this, 21 vital abutments were included in each group. Tooth preparation and fabrication of complete metal prostheses were done in the conventional manner and cemented using the 2 luting cements in Groups A and B, respectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity was measured using Schiff 's scale, postcementation, after 1 week and 1 month.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Independent t-test was done for comparing the two cements in two cements in terms of lattice strain. Mann-Whitney U-test was done for comparing the cements with respect to dentinal hypersensitivity. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for clinical correlation between dentinal hypersensitivity and crystalline strain.
RESULTS
The lattice strain generated in dual cure resin cement was higher than that in resin-modified glass ionomer cement and was statistically significant. Postcementation hypersensitivity was higher in dual-cured resin than resin-modified glass ionomer cement but was not statistically significant in the follow-up visits. Spearman's correlation coefficients did not reveal any significant clinical correlation between lattice strain and dentinal hypersensitivity.
CONCLUSION
Dual cure resin cements generate greater lattice strain as compared to resin modified glass ionomer cements.
Topics: Humans; Glass Ionomer Cements; Resin Cements; Polymerization; Synchrotrons; X-Ray Diffraction; Resins, Plant; Dentin
PubMed: 37102536
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_84_22 -
Dental Materials Journal Jan 2017Calcium silicate-based cements have superior sealing ability, bioactivity, and marginal adaptation, which make them suitable for different dental treatment applications.... (Review)
Review
Calcium silicate-based cements have superior sealing ability, bioactivity, and marginal adaptation, which make them suitable for different dental treatment applications. However, they exhibit some drawbacks such as long setting time and poor handling characteristics. To overcome these limitations calcium silicates are engineered with various constituents to improve specific characteristics of the base material, and are the focus of this review. An electronic search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE via OVID databases using appropriate terms and keywords related to the use, application, and properties of calcium silicate-based cements was conducted. Two independent reviewers obtained and analyzed the full texts of the selected articles. Although the effects of various constituents and additives to the base Portland cement-like materials have been investigated, there is no one particular ingredient that stands out as being most important. Applying nanotechnology and new synthesis methods for powders most positively affected the cement properties.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Silicates
PubMed: 27773894
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-425