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Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor... Jan 2016The objective of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is to prevent carious lesion development and to stop its progression. This can be achieved, among other ways, by... (Review)
Review
The objective of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is to prevent carious lesion development and to stop its progression. This can be achieved, among other ways, by placing high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement sealants in pits and fissures in the enamel. A second area of utilisation is the treatment of dentine carious lesions. The weakened demineralised dentine can effectively be removed using hand instruments only. An accurately placed sealant-restoration prevents remaining cariogenic bacteria from reigniting the process of decay and allows the residual carious dentine to remineralise. To achieve good results using Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, an oral healthcare provider should complete a programme of instruction and have command of sufficient knowledge of cariology, the principles of treatment and the available restorative materials. High-viscosity glass-ionomer cement is the material of first choice for the prevention of enamel caries and the treatment of dentine carious lesions, but there is a constant search for improvements to this material and for a qualitatively better alternative.
Topics: Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Bonding; Dental Caries; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Resin Cements
PubMed: 26780335
DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2016.01.15122 -
Influence of inorganic nanoparticles on dental materials' mechanical properties. A narrative review.BMC Oral Health Nov 2023Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating... (Review)
Review
Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating nanoparticles in dental materials in different specialties could have a positive effect on reinforcing the mechanical properties of those materials; however, there was no consensus on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental materials, due to the variety of the properties of nanoparticles itself and their effect on the mechanical properties. This article attempted to analytically review all the studies that assessed the effect of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on the most commonly used dental materials in dental specialties such as polymethyl methacrylate, glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin adhesive, orthodontic adhesive, and endodontic sealer. The results had shown that those inorganic nanoparticles demonstrated positive potential in improving those mechanical properties in most of the dental materials studied. That potential was attributed to the ultra-small sizes and unique physical and chemical qualities that those inorganic nanoparticles possess, together with the significant surface area to volume ratio. It was concluded from this comprehensive analysis that while a definitive recommendation cannot be provided due to the variety of nanoparticle types, shapes, and incorporated dental material, the consensus suggests using nanoparticles in low concentrations less than 1% by weight along with a silane coupling agent to minimize agglomeration issues and benefit from their properties.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Nanoparticles; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Materials
PubMed: 37990196
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03652-1 -
BioMed Research International 2018Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated... (Review)
Review
Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Dental Cements; Humans; Mouth; Virulence
PubMed: 30687755
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6498932 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2021White spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel orthodontic cement using particles of nano silver...
BACKGROUND
White spot lesions (WSLs) often occur in orthodontic treatments. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel orthodontic cement using particles of nano silver (NAg), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and to investigate the effects on bonding strength, biofilms and biocompatibility.
METHODS
A commercial resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) was modified by adding NAg, NAC and MPC. The unmodified RMGIC served as the control. Enamel bond strength and cytotoxicity of the cements were investigated. The protein repellent behavior of cements was also evaluated. The metabolic assay, lactic acid production assay and colony-forming unit assay of biofilms were used to determine the antibacterial capability of cements.
RESULTS
The new bioactive cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had clinically acceptable bond strength and biocompatibility. Compared to commercial control, the new cement suppressed metabolic activity and lactic acid production of biofilms by 59.03% and 70.02% respectively (p < 0.05), reduced biofilm CFU by 2 logs (p < 0.05) and reduced protein adsorption by 76.87% (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The new cement with NAg, NAC and MPC had strong antibacterial capability, protein-repellent ability and acceptable biocompatibility. The new cement is promising to protect enamel from demineralization during orthodontic treatments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements
PubMed: 34416896
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01779-7 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Aug 2023This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF).
AIM
This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF).
MATERIALS AND METHOD
RelyX Ultimate™(RXU), Variolink™II(VLII), and RelyXU200™(RXU200) resin cements were incubated with culture medium for 24 h to obtain eluates. Then, the eluates were applied over hGF to assess cell viability at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and antioxidant gene expression at 24 h. hGF cultures non-exposed to the eluates were used as Control. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α≤0.05).
RESULTS
RXU and RXU200 reduced the number of viable cells in 24 h. Longer exposure to cement extracts caused cell death. Gene expression showed peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) induction by all resin cement types, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induction by RXU200 and VLII. Moreover, RXU200 induced not only PRDX1 and SOD1, but also glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione synthetase (GSS).
CONCLUSIONS
All resin cements showed toxicity, and induced antioxidant genes in hGF. Antioxidant gene induction is at least partly associated with cytotoxicity of tested cements to oxidative stress experience.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Materials Testing; Dental Cements
PubMed: 37776509
DOI: 10.54589/aol.36/2/ -
Journal of Endodontics Mar 2024A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the...
INTRODUCTION
A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement-based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic.
METHODS
The microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards.
RESULTS
All 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012.
CONCLUSION
Although these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.
Topics: Root Canal Filling Materials; Epoxy Resins; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Syringes; Materials Testing; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Silicates
PubMed: 38219956
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.001 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2023The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review the selection criteria of resin cements for different types of partial coverage restorations (PCRs) and investigate if the type of restorations or restorative materials affect the type of selected resin cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search (1991-2023) was performed in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases by combinations of related keywords.
RESULTS
A total of 68 articles were included to review the selection criteria based on the advantages, disadvantages, indications, and performance of resin cements for different types of PCRs.
CONCLUSIONS
The survival and success of PCRs are largely affected by appropriate cement selection. Self-curing and dual-curing resin cements have been recommended for the cementation of metallic PCRs. The PCRs fabricated from thin, translucent, and low-strength ceramics could be adhesively bonded by light-cure conventional resin cements. Self-etching and self-adhesive cements, especially dual-cure types, are not generally indicated for laminate veneers.
Topics: Resin Cements; Ceramics; Dental Cements; Cementation
PubMed: 37427500
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.761 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual cement space and restorative materials on the fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) endocrowns.
METHODS
A mandibular first molar tooth model received a butt joint margin endocrown preparation with a 2-mm occlusal thickness. Then, using a 3D-printing system, 120 copies of this prepared die were printed and assigned equally to three groups with different cement space settings (30, 60, and 120 μm) during the chairside CAD design. In the milling process, CAD-based models with a particular space setting were subdivided into four groups (n = 10) and fabricated from different CAD-CAM materials: Vita Suprinity (VS), Celtra Duo (CD), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Grandio blocs (GR). Finally, the endocrowns were stabilized over their corresponding models with siloxane and subjected to micro-computed tomography to measure the fit.
RESULTS
The cement space that was predesigned at 30 μm generated the largest marginal discrepancy (from 144.68 ± 22.43 μm to 174.36 ± 22.78 μm), which was significantly different from those at 60 μm and 120 μm (p < 0.001). The combination of VS or CD with a pre-setting cement space of 60 μm and the combination of LU or GR with a cement space of 120 μm showed better agreement between the predesigned and actual measured marginal gap widths. For internal adaptation, only the cement space set to 30 μm exceeded the clinically acceptable threshold (200 μm).
CONCLUSIONS
The setting of the cement space and restorative material significantly affected the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM endocrown restorations. Considering the discrepancy between design and reality, different virtual cement spaces should be applied to ceramic and resin composite materials.
Topics: Humans; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Porcelain; Crowns; Dental Prosthesis Design; X-Ray Microtomography; Materials Testing; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Ceramics; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements
PubMed: 36494663
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02598-0 -
BioMed Research International 2021This study was aimed at fabricating and evaluating the physical and bioproperties of nanofast cement (NFC) as a replacement of the MTA. The cement particles were...
This study was aimed at fabricating and evaluating the physical and bioproperties of nanofast cement (NFC) as a replacement of the MTA. The cement particles were decreased in nanoscale, and zirconium oxide was used as a radiopacifier. The setting time and radiopacity were investigated according to ISO recommendations. Analysis of color, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity was performed using spectroscopy, simulated body fluid (SBF), and MTT assay. The setting time of cement pastes significantly dropped from 65 to 15 min when the particle sizes decreased from 2723 nm to 322 nm. Nanoparticles provide large surface areas and nucleation sites and thereby a higher hydration rate, so they reduced the setting time. Based on the resulting spectroscopy, the specimens did not exhibit clinically noticeable discoloration. Resistance to discoloration may be due to the resistance of zirconium oxide to decomposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations of the immersed SBF samples showed apatite formation that was a reason for its suitable bioactivity. The results of cell culture revealed that NFC is nontoxic. This study showed that NFC was more beneficial than MTA in dental restorations.
Topics: Bismuth; Bone Cements; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Cements; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanostructures; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates; Surface Properties; Water; X-Ray Diffraction; Zirconium
PubMed: 34540997
DOI: 10.1155/2021/7343147 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2017This study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodification on the bond strength (BS) and sealing ability (SA) of HEMA-free and multi-mode adhesives after 24 h and 6...
This study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodification on the bond strength (BS) and sealing ability (SA) of HEMA-free and multi-mode adhesives after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. Four adhesives were tested: two multi-mode (Scotchbond Universal - SU, and Prime & Bond Elect - PB) and two HEMA-free (All-Bond 3 - AB, and G-Aenial - GA). Human third molars were selected and dentin was treated with two cross-linking agents (5% glutaraldehyde and 6.5% proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract - PACs) for 10 min or kept untreated (control group) (n=6). Teeth were sectioned and prepared for BS test and SA analysis. The SA measurements were taken with the presence of smear layer (minimum permeability), EDTA treatment (maximum permeability), PACs application, adhesive application and after 6 months of water storage. BS data were analyzed by Proc Mixed and Tukey-Kramer test (α=5%). PACs application increased the BS for all adhesives tested at 24 h. However, BS decreased for SU and AB after six months. In general, multi-mode adhesives (SU and PB) did not differ from AB HEMA-free. GA presented the lowest BS values at both times of evaluation. Dentin permeability was reduced after PACs application and remained the same after 6 months, regardless adhesive application. PACs can increase the BS regardless the type of adhesive, however only for PB and GA the BS kept stable after 6-months of water storage. PACs was able to seal the dentin as the minimum permeability and also remained stable after 6 months.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dentin; Humans; Permeability
PubMed: 29211130
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701522