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Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2020Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We...
OBJECTIVES
Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM.
RESULTS
Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Copper; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxides; Phosphates; Surface Properties; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 32198658
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03257-w -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021This study evaluated the influence of the cement composition and different polymerization protocols on the bonding chemical interaction of self-adhesive cements with...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the influence of the cement composition and different polymerization protocols on the bonding chemical interaction of self-adhesive cements with synthetic hydroxyapatite.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two commercial self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX U200 and Maxcem Elite) were selected, manipulated, mixed with hydroxyapatite dry powder (HAp), dispensed into molds, and distributed into three groups according to polymerization protocols: immediate photoactivation (IP); delayed photoactivation, 10 min self-curing and light-curing (DP); and chemical activation (CA, no light exposure). The detailed chemical information, at atomic scale, on the surface and deeper into the bulk of self-adhesive cement/hydroxyapatite mixtures was evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
RESULTS
Chemical elements were detected in both cements, such as Na, O, Ca, C, P, and Si. Other elements were detected in minor concentrations. RelyX U200 exhibited the most intense formation of calcium salts products when the cement/HAp mixtures were photoactivated (immediate or delayed). RelyX U200/HAp mixture under delayed photoactivation (DP) also exhibited higher binding energy between calcium moieties of the HAp and methacrylates in the cement. A higher energy difference in the interaction of HAp with the cement comparing the bulk and surface areas was observed when RelyX U200 underwent the delayed photoactivation protocol. Maxcem Elite exhibited an increased chemical reactivity when either chemically activated or immediately photoactivated and a higher binding energy of the carboxyl groups bonded to the calcium of HAp when chemically activated.
CONCLUSIONS
The interaction of cements with hydroxyapatite is chemical in nature and leads to the formation of calcium salts, which may favor better integrity and longevity of adhesive restorations. The polymerization protocol affects the chemical interaction in mixtures of self-adhesive cements and hydroxyapatite, influencing the formation of these salts and the establishment of intermolecular interactions between the HAp and the cements.
Topics: Dental Cements; Hydroxyapatites; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Polymerization; Resin Cements; Self-Curing of Dental Resins
PubMed: 34803525
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4572345 -
Dental Materials Journal Nov 2023In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion...
In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion dissolution properties were estimated. Fine cements showed the particles about 10 μm in diameter or smaller with sharp particle size distribution curves. The setting reaction of the fine cements was rapid; therefore, a 0.1% w/v of citric acid solution was used as the retarder. The compressive strengths of the fine cements were improved compared to those of the coarse cements at both 1 and 28 days after mixing at a water/powder ratio (W/P) of 0.4. The dissolution of Sr and Al ions from fine SA cement was enhanced. However, the relative flowability decreases with fine grinding. Further studies on flowability, handling property are required. Additionally, the biological effects of endodontic cement should be studied both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Strontium; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Water; Bone Cements; Compressive Strength; Powders; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37821365
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-144 -
BioMed Research International 2022Aesthetic restorations should be able to mimic the natural colour depth of teeth, affected by several factors including material properties. There is a lack of...
BACKGROUND
Aesthetic restorations should be able to mimic the natural colour depth of teeth, affected by several factors including material properties. There is a lack of information regarding the effect of cement shade and material thickness on the final colour of ultratranslucent multilayered zirconia veneers.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the effect of ceramic thickness and resin cement shade on the final colour of different layers of ultratranslucent multilayered (UTML) zirconia veneers.
METHODS
This in vitro study produced 90 rectangular-shaped specimens with nonsintered Katana UTML monolithic zirconia (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), shade A1 blocks. Ceramic samples were prepared in two groups of 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm thicknesses, 45 of each (a: 8 × 11 × 0.5 mm; b: 8 × 11 × 0.7 mm). Specimens of each thickness were further divided into 5 groups: universal, clear, brown, white, and opaque ( = 9). Each adhesive resin cement (Panavia V5) was applied between the ceramic samples and composite substrate. The colour values were measured using a spectrophotometer in baseline and after resin cement application according to the CIELab system. For all samples, ΔE00 values were obtained. Data were evaluated with SPSS 25 using the three-way ANOVA test ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
The factors of cement shade, ceramic thickness, and ceramic layers have statistically significant effect on ΔE00 values ( < 0.001). The results showed lower ΔE00 values with thicker ceramic veneers. Tukey test results showed that the opaque and brown shade had a significantly greater ΔE00 values comparing to universal ( = 0.004), clear, and white shades ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The colour change was greater in lower ceramic thickness. Different shades of resin cement and layers of UTML zirconia differently affected the final colour.
Topics: Ceramics; Color; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35692584
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2555797 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Nov 2020Literature lacks sufficient data regarding addition of natural antibacterial agents to glass ionomer cement (GICs). Hence, the aim of the study was to increase the...
Literature lacks sufficient data regarding addition of natural antibacterial agents to glass ionomer cement (GICs). Hence, the aim of the study was to increase the antimicrobial properties of GICs through its modification with mixture of plant extracts to be evaluated along with an 0.5% chlorohexidine-modified GIC (CHX-GIC) with regard to biological and compressive strength properties. Conventional GIC (freeze-dried version) and CHX were used. Alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica, Olea europaea, and Ficus carcia leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor for 12 h. The plant extract mixture (PE) was added in three different proportions to the water used for preparation of the dental cement (Group 1:1 PE, 2:1 PE, and 1:2 PE). Specimens were then prepared and tested against the unmodified GIC (control) and the 0.5% CHX-GIC. Chemical analysis of the extract mixture was performed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion assay against Micrococcus luteus and Streptoccocus mutans. Compressive strength was evaluated according to ISO 9917-1:2007 using a Zwick testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Antimicrobial activity against Streptoccocus mutans was significantly increased for all the extract-modified materials compared to the unmodified cement, and the highest concentration was comparable to the CHX-GIC mixture. The activity against Micrococcus luteus was also significantly increased, but only for the material with the highest extract concentration, and here the CHX-GIC group showed statistically the highest antimicrobial activity. Compressive strength results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the different mixtures and the control except for the highest tested concentration that showed the highest mean values. The plant extracts (PEs) enhanced the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and also against M. luteus in the higher concentration while compressive strength was improved by addition of the PE at higher concentrations.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Compressive Strength; Dental Cements; Ficus; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Olea; Plant Extracts; Salvadoraceae; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33247427
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06455-w -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2022The aim of the present in vitro study is to determine the cytocompatibility of the recently introduced NeoPutty in contact with human dental pulp cells compared with its...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present in vitro study is to determine the cytocompatibility of the recently introduced NeoPutty in contact with human dental pulp cells compared with its precursor NeoMTA Plus and the classic gold standard MTA Angelus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample disks were obtained for each of the tested materials (5 mm diameter; 2 mm thickness; n = 30), along with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 material eluents. HDPCs were extracted and cultured with the tested materials (test groups) or in unconditioned medium (control group), and the following biocompatibility assays were performed: MTT assay, scratch wound assay, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, and cell attachment assessment via SEM. Additionally, material ion release and surface element composition were evaluated via ICP-MS and SEM-EDX, respectively. Each experimental condition was carried out three times and assessed in three independent experiments. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
1:2 dilutions of all the tested materials exhibited a comparable cell viability to that of the control group at 48 and 72 h of culture (p < 0.05). The same was observed for 1:4 dilutions of the tested materials at 24, 48, and 72 h of culture (p > 0.05). All the tested materials exhibited adequate cytocompatibility in the remaining biocompatibility assays. MTA exhibited a significantly higher calcium ion release compared to NeoPutty and NeoMTA Plus (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results from the present work elucidate the adequate cytocompatibility of NeoPutty, NeoMTA Plus, and MTA Angelus towards human dental pulp cells.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, our results may act as preliminary evidence for its use in vital pulp therapy as a pulp capper. However, results need to be interpreted with caution until further clinical supporting evidence is reported.
Topics: Humans; Aluminum Compounds; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Dental Pulp; Drug Combinations; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Oxides; Silicate Cement; Silicates
PubMed: 36053352
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04682-9 -
Journal of Dentistry Apr 2019The aim of this study was to formulate and to evaluate the immediate and long-term physical, chemical and antibacterial properties of an experimental adhesive resin with...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to formulate and to evaluate the immediate and long-term physical, chemical and antibacterial properties of an experimental adhesive resin with chitosan or triclosan-loaded chitosan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Chitosan, triclosan and triclosan-loaded chitosan were evaluated for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. An experimental adhesive resin was formulated with methacrylate monomers and photoinitiators. Chitosan or triclosan-loaded chitosan were added at 2 (G and G) or 5 (G and G) wt.% in the base resin. The base resin was used as control (G). The adhesives were evaluated for degree of conversion (DC), Knoop hardness (KHN), softening in solvent (ΔKHN), immediate and long-term microtensile bond-strength (μ-TBS) and antibacterial activity.
RESULTS
SEM indicated triclosan sticks and chitosan porosity. Triclosan-loaded chitosan presented structures on chitosan. Micro-Raman indicated no chemical interaction between chitosan and triclosan. There was no difference among groups for DC (p > 0.05). Initial KHN ranged from 17.36 (±1.56) to 20.38 (±1.72), with higher value for G compared to G (p < 0.05). G presented the lowest ΔKHN% (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the immediate or long-term μ-TBS (p > 0.05). G and G decreased the μ-TBS after storage (p < 0.05). Chitosan groups showed higher biofilm formation (p < 0.05). Triclosan-loaded chitosan groups presented lower biofilm formation (p < 0.05). There was no activity against planktonic bacteria regardless the time of evaluation (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Triclosan-loaded chitosan at 5 wt.% addition in an experimental adhesive resin showed reliable properties, with the highest antibacterial activity immediately and after six months, and induced dentin/adhesive interface stability over time.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Triclosan-loaded chitosan groups showed antibacterial activity immediately and over time and induced dentin/adhesive interface stability, may positively affecting long-lasting marginal sealing.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chitosan; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength; Triclosan
PubMed: 30794843
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.002 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2023To evaluate the effect of zirconia priming with MDP-Salt before MDP containing primers and self-adhesive cement on the shear bond strength.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of zirconia priming with MDP-Salt before MDP containing primers and self-adhesive cement on the shear bond strength.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fully sintered high translucent zirconia specimens (n = 120) were assigned into 2 groups (n = 60 each): Control (No Pretreatment) and Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate salt (MDP-Salt) pretreated. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 20) according to cementation protocol: 1) MDP + Silane primer and conventional resin cement, 2) MDP+ Bisphenyl dimethacrylate (BPDM) primer and conventional resin cement, and 3) MDP containing self-adhesive resin cement. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured after 10,000 thermocycling. Contact angle was measured for tested groups. Surface topography was assessed using a 3D confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Weibull analysis was performed for SBS and one-way ANOVA for contact angle and surface topography measurements (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The use of MDP-Salt significantly improved the SBS (p < .05) for all tested subgroups. Self-adhesive cement showed an insignificant difference with MDP + Silane group for both groups (p > .05). MDP + BPDM showed a significantly lower characteristic strength compared to self-adhesive resin cement when both were pretreated with MDP-Salt. No difference between all tested groups in the surface topographic measurements while MDP-Salt showed the highest contact angle.
CONCLUSION
MDP-Salt pretreatment can improve bonding performance between zirconia and MDP containing products.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Cementation; Dental Cements; Salts; Dental Bonding; Silanes; Methacrylates; Shear Strength; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37993834
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03663-y -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Oct 2022Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth...
Glass ionomer (GI) cements and self-etch (SE) or universal adhesives after etching (ER) adapt variably with dentine. Dentine characteristics vary with depth (deep/shallow), location (central/peripheral), and microscopic site (intertubular/peritubular). To directly compare adhesion to dentine, non-destructive imaging and testing are required. Here, GI, ER, and SE adapted at different dentine depths, locations, and sites were investigated using micro-CT, xenon plasma focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (Xe PFIB-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Extracted molars were prepared to deep or shallow slices and treated with the three adhesives. Micro-CT was used to compare changes to air volume gaps, following thermocycling, and statistically analysed using a quantile regression model and Fisher's exact test. The three adhesives performed similarly across dentine depths and locations, yet no change or overall increases and decreases in gaps at all dentine depths and locations were measured. The Xe PFIB-SEM-milled dentine-adhesive interfaces facilitated high-resolution characterization, and element profiling revealed variations across the tooth-material interfaces. Dentine depth and location had no impact on adhesive durability, although microscopic differences were observed. Here we demonstrate how micro-CT and Xe PFIB-SEM can be used to compare variable dental materials without complex multi-stage specimen preparation to minimize artefacts.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; X-Rays; Xenon
PubMed: 35959863
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12890 -
Dental Materials Journal Jun 2020Copper nanoparticles (NCu) were synthetized and added to commercial glass ionomer cement, to evaluate in vitro its antibacterial activity against oral cavity strains....
Copper nanoparticles (NCu) were synthetized and added to commercial glass ionomer cement, to evaluate in vitro its antibacterial activity against oral cavity strains. The NCu were synthesized by copper acetate reduction with L-ascorbic acid and characterized by FTIR, Raman, XPS, XRD and TEM. Then, commercial glass ionomer cement (GIC) was modified (MGIC) with various concentrations of NCu and physicochemically characterized. Cell viability was tested against human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs) by Alamar-Blue assay and antibacterial test was performed against S. mutans and S. sanguinis by colony forming unit (CFU) growth method. Synthesized NCu rendered a mixture of both metallic copper and cuprous oxide (CuO). HDPF viability reduces with exposure time to the extracts (68-72% viability) and MGIC with 2-4 wt% NCu showed antimicrobial activity against the two tested strains.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Copper; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Nanoparticles; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32213765
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-046