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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2020The aim of this study was to assess the mean overjet in school-going Libyan children and to examine the relationship between increased overjet and permanent incisor's...
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the mean overjet in school-going Libyan children and to examine the relationship between increased overjet and permanent incisor's trauma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study is a part of a cross-sectional investigation of aspects of dental health of 2015 school going Libyan children aged between 6 and 16 years old of both genders from both rural and urban areas. Overjet was measured as the horizontal distance in millimetres between the upper and lower incisors. Trauma to permanent incisors was assessed according to Elli's Classification.
RESULTS
SPSS version 20.0 for percentages was used for statistical analysis. The relationship between increased overjet and incisor trauma was tested using the Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level. The overjet measurement ranged from -2 mm to 8 mm with the mean overjet of 3.062 (1.23, SD). The prevalence of incisor trauma was statistically significantly higher in children with increased overjet (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The average mean overjet value in Libyan children is between 2 mm and 3 mm and below or above these values, considered decreased or increased, respectively. Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors significantly increased with increased overjet.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33753670
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_361_19 -
International Orthodontics May 2024The aim of the present study was to compare the changes in overjet and overbite measurements achieved in adolescent patients following an initial series of Invisalign®...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to compare the changes in overjet and overbite measurements achieved in adolescent patients following an initial series of Invisalign® aligners (Align Technology, San Jose, California) with those planned by orthodontists via its ClinCheck® digital treatment planning facility.
METHODS
Data provided by Align regarding patients who had completed an initial series of Invisalign® aligner treatment and were less than 18-years old were assessed in relation to pre-treatment, planned and achieved overjet and overbite measurements. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank-sum, Mann Whitney calculations were computed.
RESULTS
A total of 290 patients satisfied inclusion criteria. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 14.17 (13,15.42) years. The median achieved overjet and overbite changes were less than those planned (p<0.01) with 53.33% of the planned median overjet increase achieved and 52.94% of planned median overjet reduction achieved. Additionally, 58.33% of the planned median overbite increase was achieved and 55.55% of the planned median overbite reduction was achieved. A total of 21.52% patients recorded no change or an increase from pre-treatment to the achieved overjet where reduction was planned, whereas 41.67% recorded no change or a reduction in overjet where increase was planned. A total of 18.72% recorded no change or an increase in overbite where reduction was planned, whereas 20.75% recorded no change or a reduction in overbite where increase was planned.
CONCLUSIONS
Less than 60% of the planned overjet and overbite changes per patient were achieved. Between 18.72 and 41.67% of patients experienced no change or changes in overjet and overbite in the opposite direction to that planned. This is likely to be clinically significant.
PubMed: 38805975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100888 -
Progress in Orthodontics Apr 2022To produce a guide for dentists and orthodontists to determine orthodontic treatment need in borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3) and to compare views of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
To produce a guide for dentists and orthodontists to determine orthodontic treatment need in borderline cases (dental health component DHC 3) and to compare views of different panels of judges on treatment need.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prospective, observational study. Photographs of one hundred subjects displaying borderline occlusal traits (DHC3) were collected. Three panels of judges consisting of 25 orthodontists, 25 dentists and 25 lay persons assessed photographs based on orthodontic treatment need on aesthetic grounds.
RESULTS
Spearman's correlation coefficient showed no statistical difference between the panels of judges (p < 0.001). The judges identified a 'high need' for treatment on aesthetic grounds for those with anterior open bites and reverse overjets. Kappa analysis showed moderate intra-rater agreement for the orthodontic and dental panels of judges (k = 0.47 and 0.45, respectively) and fair agreement (k = 0.26) for the lay panel, highlighting the intrinsic difficulty of assessing borderline malocclusions.
CONCLUSION
There was no statistical difference in the way the orthodontic, dental and lay panels of judges perceived treatment need for DHC 3 cases. Anterior open bites and reverse overjets were predominantly found to be in high need of treatment by all panels of judges. A 'Guide to Borderline Orthodontic Need' (GBON) is proposed consisting of 8 photographs of subjects with borderline occlusal traits (DHC3) determined unambiguously by lay, dental and orthodontic panels as either 'needing' or 'not needing' orthodontic treatment on aesthetic grounds. It is anticipated that this will assist users to make judgments on aesthetic grounds on the need for treatment in borderline cases.
Topics: Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Malocclusion; Open Bite; Orthodontics, Corrective; Overbite; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35434773
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00407-6 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2022Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to...
BACKGROUND
Occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition are crucial in predicting and determining permanent tooth alignment and occlusion. The aim of our study was to determine the occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition of 5-year-old children in Greece through a national pathfinder survey.
METHODS
A stratified cluster sample of 1222 5-year-old children was selected according to the WHO guidelines for national pathfinder surveys. Five occlusal traits were registered clinically in centric occlusion, separately for the left and right sides: sagittal relationships of the second primary molars and primary canines, overjet, overbite, crossbite, and maxillary and mandibular spacing.
RESULTS
Most children showed a flush terminal plane of primary second molars (44.8%), a class I primary canine relationship (52.2%) and normal overjet (46.4%), but a high prevalence of Class II canine relationship (25.6%) and overjet (37.8%) were also observed. A normal overbite was found in 40% of the children and 40% had a deep overbite. Spacing was apparent in both maxilla (71.1% of children) and mandible (56.4%). The prevalence of open bite and distal step molar relationship significantly rose in children with non-nutritive sucking habits.
CONCLUSIONS
Νon-nutritive habits were associated to altered occlusal features. No sex significant differences were found in either the sagittal relationships of second primary molars and primary canines, or overjet, overbite, crossbite and spacing.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Greece; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite; Prevalence; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 35810281
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02303-1 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence rate according to the differences in gender, age, regions, type of TDI and risk factors associated with TDI.
METHODS
The PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINHAL, and Scopus databases, along with the Public Health Electronic Library, TRoPHI and DoPHER were searched from 1 March to 15April 2019 without any restriction of language and year of publication. The qualitative synthesis was done regarding the demographics, study methods, cause of trauma, geographic location, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage. The meta-analysis was undertaken with STATA-14 software (USA). The pooled prevalence of TDI was calculated using data extracted from 48 studies included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. A sub-group meta-analysis was done by extraction of the data for age groups of 6 years and >6 years.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of TDI in Indian population was 13 cases in 100 individuals. The prevalence of TDI for age groups of ≤6 was 15% (males, 15%; females, 16%) and for >6 years was 12% (males, 13%; females, 8%). The most common cause of TDI was falls, and most frequent location was home. The odds ratio for occurrence of TDI and inadequate lip-coverage was 3.35 and overjet greater than 3 mm was 3.53.
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled prevalence of TDI was 13% and slightly higher in children less than 6 years of age. Inadequate lip coverage and increased overjet are the risk factors associated with TDI. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies in terms of design, variables recorded, sampling, study methods and statistical methods. Majority of them also suffered from moderate to high risk of bias.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Child; Female; Humans; India; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33107464
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_953_19 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2022To examine the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric effects of class II correction using Invisalign's mandibular advancement feature in growing patients.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric effects of class II correction using Invisalign's mandibular advancement feature in growing patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort clinical study was performed on cases that were started between 2017 and 2019. A total of 32 patients (13 females, 19 males), with an average age of 13 years old (9.9-14.8 years) had undergone Invisalign treatment (Align Technology, Inc., San Jose, CA) wherein the mandibular advancement phase was completed were included. Photos, digital study models, and cephalograms were taken once during the patients' initial visit and again upon completing the mandibular advancement phase of treatment. The number of aligners worn and the time of treatment in months was recorded for each subject. Cephalometric analysis was performed and overjet and overbite were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 25; SPSS, Chicago, Ill) and the level of significance was set at <0.05. Descriptive statistics were performed to generate means and differences for each cephalometric measurement as well as patient data including age, treatment time, and aligner number. Differences between measurements from patients before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2) with the mandibular advancement feature were evaluated using a paired -test.
RESULTS
All 32 patients had multiple jumps staged for the precision wings, i.e., incremental advancement. The average length of treatment for the MA phase was 9.2 months (7.5-13.8 months) and the average number of aligners used during this time was 37 (30-55). Statistically significant differences between T1 and T2, in favor of class II correction, were observed in the ANB angle, WITS appraisal, facial convexity, and mandibular length. The nasolabial angle, overjet, and overbite also showed statistically significant changes between T1 and T2.
CONCLUSION
Invisalign aligners with the mandibular advancement feature took approximately 9 months for 1.5 mm of overjet correction. The lower incisor angulation was maintained during class II correction. The minimal skeletal changes are in favor of class II correction.
PubMed: 36128356
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_64_2022 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Apr 2021To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
STUDY DESIGN
A literature review was conducted, and articles published between 2010 and 2019 were searched on Bireme and PubMed websites and in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, using the keywords "malocclusion," "sickle cell disease," and "cephalometry," combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. One of the criteria for the selection of articles was the presence of adolescents in the sample. This methodology followed the PRISMA recommendations. Seventy-nine articles were found, seven of which were included in the review as they met the inclusion criteria and the study goals.
RESULTS
The prevalence of malocclusion in SCD patients ranged from 62.9% to 100%, which was considered very severe in 30.1% to 80.6%. The most common occlusal changes were Angle's class II malocclusion, increased maxillary overjet, and anterior open bite. In addition, class II skeletal pattern was the most prevalent due to mandibular retrusion.
CONCLUSION
Malocclusion prevalence in SCD patients is high and considered to be a risk factor, with a significant rate of very severe malocclusion when compared to healthy patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Cephalometry; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite
PubMed: 33951171
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.2.8 -
Progress in Orthodontics Sep 2020Malocclusion is a highly prevalent public health problem, and several studies have shown its negative correlation with quality of life, self-esteem, and social... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malocclusion is a highly prevalent public health problem, and several studies have shown its negative correlation with quality of life, self-esteem, and social perceptions. However, its association with bullying is still controversial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between malocclusion and bullying in children and adolescents.
SEARCH METHODS
The databases used for the electronic researches were PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/BBO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Grey literature was reviewed through Open Grey literature with no language or date restrictions. Selection criteria, based on the PECO strategy, were considered eligible observational studies that included schoolchildren or adolescents (P) with malocclusion (E), compared to those with normal occlusion (C), in which the relationship between malocclusion and bullying was determined (O).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Risk of bias evaluation was made for the qualitative synthesis by the Fowkes and Fulton criteria. Data regarding the age of participants and types of malocclusion and of bullying were extracted among other reported data. The quality of the evidence analyzed was evaluated through the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
From 2744 articles identified in databases, nine met the eligibility criteria and were included in present systematic review, of which two studies were judged with methodological soundness. The quality of the evidence was classified as very low due to very serious problems for "risk of bias" and "other considerations" and serious problems of "indirectness". The age of participants ranged from 9 to 34 years considering a cohort study, with a bullying recalling perspective. Malocclusion was both evaluated by researchers and self-reported by participants addressing dentofacial characteristics mostly related to the incisors relationship. All studies evaluated the verbal type of bullying, while 3 also considered physical type. Both types were reported as related to malocclusion, although the results showed that extreme maxillary overjet (> 4 mm, > 6 mm, > 9 mm), extreme deep overbite, and having space between anterior teeth or missing teeth were the types of malocclusion with the strongest relations to bullying.
CONCLUSIONS
With very low certainty of evidence, the results of this systematic review suggest that conspicuous extreme malocclusion may be related to the occurrence of bullying among children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Bullying; Child; Cohort Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Overbite; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32869136
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00323-7 -
International Journal of Oral and... Oct 2023The digital articulation of dental models is gradually replacing the conventional physical approach for occlusal prediction planning. This study was performed to compare...
The digital articulation of dental models is gradually replacing the conventional physical approach for occlusal prediction planning. This study was performed to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of free-hand articulation of two groups of digital and physical dental models, 12 Class I (group 1) and 12 Class III (group 2). The models were scanned using an intraoral scanner. The physical and digital models were independently articulated 2 weeks apart by three orthodontists to achieve the maximum inter-digitation, with coincident midlines and a positive overjet and overbite. The occlusal contacts provided by the software color-coded maps were assessed and the differences in the pitch, roll, and yaw were measured. The reproducibility of the achieved occlusion of both the physical and digital articulation was excellent. The z-axis displayed the smallest absolute mean differences of 0.10 ± 0.08 mm and 0.27 ± 0.24 mm in the repeated physical and repeated digital articulations, respectively, both in group 2. The largest discrepancies between the two methods of articulation were in the y-axis (0.76 ± 0.60 mm, P = 0.010) and in roll (1.83° ± 1.72°, P = 0.005). The overall measured differences were< 0.8 mm and< 2°. Despite the steep learning curve, digital occlusal planning is accurate enough for clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Orthognathic Surgery; Reproducibility of Results; Software; Dental Occlusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Computer-Aided Design
PubMed: 36941160
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.03.001 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Traumatic dental injuries represent nearly 5% of children and adolescents' injuries leading to serious medical and psychological issues. This current study aims to...
BACKGROUND
Traumatic dental injuries represent nearly 5% of children and adolescents' injuries leading to serious medical and psychological issues. This current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma and its potential association with different predisposing factors among 12-and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Lebanon.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7902 schoolchildren, 3806 male and 4096 female aged 12 years ( = 3985) and 15 years ( = 3917), were recruited by a stratified multistaged randomized cluster sampling method from public and private schools and were clinically examined in a national cross-sectional study. WHO criteria were used to assess anterior permanent teeth; the nature of trauma, the tooth involved, the size of the incisal overjet, and the type of the lip coverage were furthermore assessed. Data regarding age, sex, and causes of TDI were recorded through a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS
The prevalence of dental trauma to anterior teeth was 10.9%. Maxillary central incisors (83.7%) were commonly affected. The most common type of injury was enamel fracture (68.3%), falls being the main reason (52.5%). Increased overjet (OR = 2.32, = 0.034), deficient lip coverage (OR = 5.73, = 0.019), and gender (OR = 5.36, ≤ 0.001) were significant predisposing factors for dental trauma.
CONCLUSION
This research highlighted many predisposing factors for dental trauma that affect commonly the anterior teeth. Based on these results, the implementation of strategic preventive measurements targeting especially the identified risk groups remains crucial.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Adolescent; Athletic Injuries; Child; Dental Enamel; Female; Humans; Lebanon; Lip; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sampling Studies; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33746633
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587431