-
The Angle Orthodontist Nov 2021To evaluate the effects of orthodontic force on histomorphology and tissue factor expression in the dental pulp.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effects of orthodontic force on histomorphology and tissue factor expression in the dental pulp.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two reviewers comprehensively and systematically searched the literature in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest) up to September 2020. According to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Studies criteria, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the effects of orthodontic force on dental pulp were included. Case series/reports, laboratory-based or animal studies, reviews, and studies that did not investigate the association between orthodontic force and pulpal changes were excluded. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used to assess the risk of bias. The overall certainty level was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.
RESULTS
26 observational studies and five RCTs were included. A detailed qualitative analysis of articles showed a wide range of samples and applied methodologies concerning impact of orthodontic force on the dental pulp. The application of orthodontic force seems to promote several pulpal histomorphological changes, including tissue architecture, cell pattern, angiogenesis, hard tissue deposition, inflammation, and alteration of the expression levels of 14 tissue factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the included articles suggest that orthodontic forces may promote histomorphological changes in the dental pulp, due to the very low-level of evidence obtained, there could be no well-supported conclusion that these effects are actually due to orthodontic movement. Further studies with larger samples and improved methods are needed to support more robust conclusions.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Thromboplastin
PubMed: 34670269
DOI: 10.2319/012221-65.1 -
Journal of Endodontics Sep 2020The dental pulp is highly vascularized and innervated tissue that is uniquely designed, being highly biologically active, while being enclosed within the calcified...
INTRODUCTION
The dental pulp is highly vascularized and innervated tissue that is uniquely designed, being highly biologically active, while being enclosed within the calcified structure of the tooth. It is well-established that the dental pulp vasculature is a key requirement for the functional performance of the tooth. Therefore, controlled regeneration of the dental pulp vasculature is a challenge that must be met for future regenerative endeavors in endodontics.
METHODS
In this perspective review, we address recent progress and challenges on the use of microengineering methods and biomaterials scaffolds to fabricate the dental pulp vascular microenvironment.
RESULTS
The conditions required to control the growth and differentiation of vascular capillaries are discussed, together with the conditions required for the formation of mature and stable pericyte-supported microvascular networks in 3-dimensional hydrogels and fabricated microchannels. Recent biofabrication methods, such as 3-dimensional bioprinting and micromolding are also discussed. Moreover, recent advances in the field of organs-on-a-chip are discussed regarding their applicability to dental research and endodontic regeneration.
CONCLUSION
Collectively, this short review offers future directions in the field that are presented with the objective of pointing toward successful pathways for successful clinical and translational strategies in regenerative endodontics, with especial emphasis on the dental pulp vasculature.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Regeneration; Regenerative Endodontics; Tissue Engineering; Tooth
PubMed: 32950200
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.033 -
Improved Method for Dental Pulp Stem Cell Preservation and Its Underlying Cell Biological Mechanism.Cells Aug 2023Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a valuable cell source for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferative potential, multipotency, and...
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a valuable cell source for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferative potential, multipotency, and availability. We established a new cryopreservation method (NCM) for collecting DPSCs, in which the tissue itself is cryopreserved and DPSCs are collected after thawing. We improved the NCM and developed a new method for collecting and preserving DPSCs more efficiently. Dental pulp tissue was collected from an extracted tooth, divided into two pieces, sandwiched from above and below using cell culture inserts, and cultured. As a result, the cells in the pulp tissue migrated vertically over time and localized near the upper and lower membranes over 2-3 days. With regard to the underlying molecular mechanism, SDF1 was predominantly involved in cell migration. This improved method is valuable and enables the more efficient collection and reliable preservation of DPSCs. It has the potential to procure a large number of DPSCs stably.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Cryopreservation; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Culture Techniques; Stem Cells
PubMed: 37681870
DOI: 10.3390/cells12172138 -
Brazilian Oral Research Dec 2017The objective of this study was to realize a scoping review the literature in order to identify the profile of DPSCs isolation and analyze the possible risk factors that... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to realize a scoping review the literature in order to identify the profile of DPSCs isolation and analyze the possible risk factors that could change the native behavior of these cells. An initial search was conducted using the following MeSH terms: "(dental pulp stem cell [MeSH])"; "(dental pulp [MeSH])" AND "(stem cell [MeSH])"; "("dental pulp stem cell" [MeSH]")". The electronic search was done without date restriction up to and including April 2014, in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Studies were submitted to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 222 articles were included. Data showed that over the past 15 years many studies have been conducted using DPSCs. However this is the first systematic review regarding the isolation of stem cell, and more specifically of dental pulp stem cells. The isolation of dental pulp stem cells showed great variability, hampering the development of standard protocols to achieve in vitro dental pulp stem cells with similar characteristics. This scoping review combined, for the first time, the methodologies used for dental pulp stem isolation, highlighting the most frequently used.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Collagenases; Culture Media; Dental Pulp; Humans; Publication Bias; Risk Factors; Stem Cells
PubMed: 29267658
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0087 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many... (Review)
Review
Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many tissues and organs, including the stomatognathic system. Recently, the great interest of scientists in obtaining stem cells from human teeth is due to their easy availability and a non-invasive procedure of collecting the material. Three key components are required for tissue regeneration: stem cells, appropriate scaffold material and growth factors. Depending on the source of the new tissue or organ, there are several types of transplants. In this review, the following division into four transplant types is applied due to genetic differences between the donor and the recipient: xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, autotransplantation and isotransplantation (however, due to the lack of research, type was not included). In vivo studies have shown that Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)can form a dentin-pulp complex, nerves, adipose, bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessels and myocardium, which gives hope for their use in various biomedical areas, such as immunotherapy and regenerative therapy. This review presents the current in vivo research and advances to provide new biological insights and therapeutic possibilities of using DPSCs.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34946506
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247423 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2015In recent years, many studies have examined the pulp-dentin complex regeneration with DPSCs. While it is important to perform research on cells, scaffolds, and growth... (Review)
Review
In recent years, many studies have examined the pulp-dentin complex regeneration with DPSCs. While it is important to perform research on cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, it is also critical to develop animal models for preclinical trials. The development of a reproducible animal model of transplantation is essential for obtaining precise and accurate data in vivo. The efficacy of pulp regeneration should be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using animal models. This review article sought to introduce in vivo experiments that have evaluated the potential of dental pulp stem cells for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. According to a review of various researches about DPSCs, the majority of studies have used subcutaneous mouse and dog teeth for animal models. There is no way to know which animal model will reproduce the clinical environment. If an animal model is developed which is easier to use and is useful in more situations than the currently popular models, it will be a substantial aid to studies examining pulp-dentin complex regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 26688616
DOI: 10.1155/2015/409347 -
Cells Mar 2020We developed a novel dentin-pulp-like organoid. It has both stem-cell and odontoblast characteristics using a mesenchymal cell lineage of human dental-pulp stem cells...
We developed a novel dentin-pulp-like organoid. It has both stem-cell and odontoblast characteristics using a mesenchymal cell lineage of human dental-pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The mixture of hDPSCs and Matrigel was transferred into the maintenance medium (MM) and divided into four different groups according to how long they were maintained in the odontogenic differentiation medium (ODM). All organoids were harvested at 21 days and analyzed to find the optimal differentiation condition. To assess the re-fabrication of dentin-pulp-like organoid, after dissociation of the organoids, it was successfully regenerated. Additionally, its biological activity was confirmed by analyzing changes of relevant gene expression and performing a histology analysis after adding Biodentine into the ODM. The organoid was cultured for 11 days in the ODM (ODM 11) had the most features of both stem cells and differentiated cells (odontoblasts) as confirmed by relevant gene expression and histology analyses. Micro-computed tomography and an electron microscope also showed mineralization and odontoblastic differentiation. Finally, ODM 11 demonstrated a biologically active response to Biodentine treatment. In conclusion, for the first time, we report the fabrication of a dentin-pulp-like organoid using mesenchymal stem cells. This organoid has potential as a future therapeutic strategy for tooth regeneration.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Organoids; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32155898
DOI: 10.3390/cells9030642 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2021The role of inflammatory mediators in dental pulp is unique. The local environment of pulp responds to any changes in the physiology that are highly fundamental, like... (Review)
Review
The role of inflammatory mediators in dental pulp is unique. The local environment of pulp responds to any changes in the physiology that are highly fundamental, like odontoblast cell differentiation and other secretory activity. The aim of this review is to assess the role of cathelicidins based on their capacity to heal wounds, their immunomodulatory potential, and their ability to stimulate cytokine production and stimulate immune-inflammatory response in pulp and periapex. Accessible electronic databases were searched to find studies reporting the role of cathelicidins in pulpal inflammation and regeneration published between September 2010 and September 2020. The search was performed using the following databases: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed. The electronic search was performed using the combination of keywords "cathelicidins" and "dental pulp inflammation". On the basis of previous studies, it can be inferred that LL-37 plays an important role in odontoblastic cell differentiation and stimulation of antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that LL-37 plays an important role in reparative dentin formation and provides signaling for defense by activating the innate immune system.
Topics: Cathelicidins; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Odontoblasts; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34068275
DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010010 -
Biomedical Journal Jun 2021Neurotrophic factors play important roles in neuron survival, growth and differentiation. In the present research, the expression of multiple neurotrophins and their...
Neurotrophic factors play important roles in neuron survival, growth and differentiation. In the present research, the expression of multiple neurotrophins and their effects on cell migration were studied in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Human DPSCs from five patients were cultured. Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors were evaluated by PCR, immunofluorescent staining and ELISA. Scratch assay was performed in the presence or absence of neurotrophic factors. Level of phosphorylated-ERK was evaluated with Western blotting. Neurotrophins were expressed at various levels in the DPSCs. Treatment of 100 ng/ml BDNF or NT4/5 accelerated wound healing in scratch assay and elevated the expression of phosphorylated-ERK. The work indicated that neurotrophins promoted human DPSCs migration in vitro.
Topics: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans
PubMed: 32330678
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.010 -
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Apr 2019Animal models are essential for tissue regeneration studies. This review summarizes and discusses the small and large animal models, including mouse, ferret, dog, and... (Review)
Review
Animal models are essential for tissue regeneration studies. This review summarizes and discusses the small and large animal models, including mouse, ferret, dog, and miniswine that have been utilized to experiment and to demonstrate stem cell-mediated dental pulp tissue regeneration. We describe the models based on the location where the tissue regeneration is tested-either ectopic, semiorthotopic, or orthotopic. Developing and utilizing optimal animal models for both mechanistic and translational studies of pulp regeneration are of critical importance to advance this field.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Humans; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30284967
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2018.0194