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TheScientificWorldJournal 2015
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dentistry; Humans; Light; Mouth; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 25884026
DOI: 10.1155/2015/308138 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Aug 2017The development of an expert consensus on vital pulp therapy can provide practical guidance for the improvement of pulp damage care in China. Dental pulp disease is a...
The development of an expert consensus on vital pulp therapy can provide practical guidance for the improvement of pulp damage care in China. Dental pulp disease is a major type of illness that adversely affects human oral health. Pulp capping and pulpotomy are currently the main methods for vital pulp therapy. Along with the development of minimal invasion cosmetic dentistry, using different treatment technologies and materials reasonably, preserving healthy tooth tissue, and extending tooth save time have become urgent problems that call for immediate solution in dental clinics. This paper summarizes the experiences and knowledge of endodontic experts. We develop a clinical path of vital pulp therapy for clinical work by utilizing the nature, approach, and degree of pulp damage as references, defense and self-repairing ability of pulp as guidance, and modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment as means.
Topics: China; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Diseases; Humans; Pulpotomy
PubMed: 28853497
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.04.001 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2021Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are regulated by the relative ratio of the differentiation factor, receptor activator NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor,...
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are regulated by the relative ratio of the differentiation factor, receptor activator NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Dental tissue-localized-resorbing cells called odontoclasts have regulatory factors considered as identical to those of osteoclasts; however, it is still unclear whether the RANKL/OPG ratio is a key factor for odontoclast regulation in dental pulp. Here, we showed that odontoclast regulators, macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1, RANKL, and OPG were detectable in mouse pulp of molars, but OPG was dominantly expressed. High OPG expression was expected to have a negative regulatory effect on odontoclastogenesis; however, odontoclasts were not detected in the dental pulp of OPG-deficient (KO) mice. In contrast, damage induced odontoclast-like cells were seen in wild-type pulp tissues, with their number significantly increased in OPG-KO mice. Relative ratio of RANKL/OPG in the damaged pulp was significantly higher than in undamaged control pulp. Pulp damages enhanced hypoxia inducible factor-1α and -2α, reported to increase RANKL or decrease OPG. These results reveal that the relative ratio of RANKL/OPG is significant to pulpal odontoclastogenesis, and that OPG expression is not required for maintenance of pulp homeostasis, but protects pulp from odontoclastogenesis caused by damages.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cellular Microenvironment; Dental Pulp; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Models, Biological; Odontogenesis; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; RANK Ligand
PubMed: 33633362
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84354-y -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Sep 2023Maintaining the viability and avoiding necrosis of dental pulp are crucial to preserving the structural integrity and functioning of teeth. In recent years, cell-based...
Maintaining the viability and avoiding necrosis of dental pulp are crucial to preserving the structural integrity and functioning of teeth. In recent years, cell-based regenerative endodontics has emerged as a promising approach to achieve this goal and has gained increasing attention in scientific research; however, in the confined space of the root canal system, hypoxic conditions can be both beneficial and detrimental, as they may promote angiogenesis in the graft to some extent but also lead to tissue necrosis if prolonged. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been verified as multipotent cells that can promote angiogenesis and are therefore ideal candidates for realising real dental pulp regeneration within root canals. Thus, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of DPSCs to promote angiogenesis and summarise some preclinical studies and clinical trials involving transplanting of DPSCs to achieve real dental pulp regeneration, in the hope that this intractable source of perplexity in regenerative endodontics may be resolved sooner.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Regeneration; Regenerative Endodontics; Multipotent Stem Cells; Necrosis
PubMed: 37732679
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4330823 -
Cell Proliferation Oct 2017The function of the dental pulp is closely connected to the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, and ECM has received significant attention due to its biological...
OBJECTIVES
The function of the dental pulp is closely connected to the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, and ECM has received significant attention due to its biological functions for regulating cells. As such, the interaction between the ECM niche and cells is worth exploring for potential clinical uses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, dental pulp stem cell (DPSC)-derived ECM (DPM) was prepared through cell culture and decellularization to function as the cell niche, and changes in DPSC behaviour and histological analysis of dental pulp tissue regeneration were evaluated following the DPM culture. DPM promoted the replication of DPSCs and exhibited retention of their mineralization. Then, the DPM-based culture strategy under odontogenic culture medium was further investigated, and the mineralization-related markers showed that DPSCs were regulated towards odontogenic differentiation. Dental pulp-like tissue with well-arranged ECM was harvested after a 2-month subcutaneous implantation in nude mice with DPM application. Additionally, DPSCs cultured on the plastic culture surface showed the up-regulation of mineralization makers in vitro, but there was a disorder in matrix formation and mineralization when the cells were cultured in vivo.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
DPM-based cultivation could serve as a cell niche and modulate DPSC behaviour, and this method also provided an alternative to harvest tissue-specific ECM and provided a strategy for ECM-cell interaction.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Cell Fractionation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Child; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Mice, Nude; Odontogenesis; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells
PubMed: 28741725
DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12361 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have multipotent differentiation and a self-renewal ability. They have been useful not only for... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have multipotent differentiation and a self-renewal ability. They have been useful not only for dental diseases, but also for systemic diseases. Extensive studies have suggested that DPSCs are effective for various diseases, such as spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, liver diseases, eye diseases, immune diseases, and oral diseases. DPSCs have the potential for use in a cell-therapeutic paradigm shift to treat these diseases. It has also been reported that DPSCs have higher regenerative potential than the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells known as representative MSCs. Therefore, DPSCs have recently gathered much attention. In this review, the therapeutic potential of DPSCs, the latest progress in the pre-clinical study for treatment of these various systemic diseases, and the clinical applications of DPSCs in regenerative medicine, are all summarized. Although challenges, including mechanisms of the effects and establishment of cell processing and transplantation methods for clinical use, still remain, DPSCs could be promising stem cells sources for various clinical applications, because of their easy isolation by a noninvasive procedure without ethical concerns.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 30845639
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051132 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Aug 2023Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for...
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), characterized by easy availability, multi-lineage differentiation ability, and high proliferation ability, are ideal seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the epigenetic mechanism underlying chondrogenesis in DPSCs remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that KDM3A and G9A, an antagonistic pair of histone-modifying enzymes, bidirectionally regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by controlling SOX9 (sex-determining region Y-type high-mobility group box protein 9) degradation through lysine methylation. Transcriptomics analysis reveals that KDM3A is significantly upregulated during the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses further indicate that KDM3A promotes chondrogenesis in DPSCs by boosting the SOX9 protein level, while G9A hinders the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs by reducing the SOX9 protein level. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that KDM3A attenuates the ubiquitination of SOX9 by demethylating lysine (K) 68 residue, which in turn enhances SOX9 stability. Reciprocally, G9A facilitates SOX9 degradation by methylating K68 residue to increase the ubiquitination of SOX9. Meanwhile, BIX-01294 as a highly specific G9A inhibitor significantly induces the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These findings provide a theoretical basis to ameliorate the clinical use of DPSCs in cartilage tissue-engineering therapies.
Topics: Lysine; Chondrogenesis; Methylation; Dental Pulp; Cells, Cultured; Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 37386801
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206757 -
Journal of Endodontics Apr 2017Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic...
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic properties. However, for regenerative approaches to gain regulatory and clinical acceptance, protocols are needed to determine more feasible ways to cultivate DPSCs, namely, without the use of xenogeneic-derived components (animal sera) and exogenous growth factors.
METHODS
In this study, human DPSCs were isolated from third molars and expanded in standard culture conditions containing fetal bovine serum (DPSCs-FBS) or conditions containing human serum (DPSCs-HS). After cell characterization and evaluation of their angiogenic secretome, DPSCs were seeded in tooth slice/scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. After 30 days, tooth slices were retrieved and evaluated for dental pulp tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to quantify blood vessel formation and evaluate predentin and dentin formation.
RESULTS
After culture, DPSCs-HS produced concentrations of angiogenic growth factors equivalent to DPSCs-FBS. Additionally, in DPSCs-HS, several angiogenic factors were produced in at least 1-fold higher concentrations than in DPSCs-FBS. In vivo, it was determined that DPSCs-HS produced a robust angiogenic response and regeneration of dentin equivalent to DPSCs-FBS.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that DPSCs can be isolated and expanded to clinical scale numbers in media devoid of animal serum or exogenous growth factors and still maintain their pulp regenerative properties. The implications of these findings are significant for further development of clinical protocols using DPSCs in cell therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Dental Pulp; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Scaffolds; Young Adult
PubMed: 28216268
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.018 -
Journal of Endodontics Jun 2015Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed.
METHODS
A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed.
RESULTS
Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed.
CONCLUSIONS
Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 25649306
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019 -
Cells May 2024Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly...
Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly triggered by a chronic stimulus mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which activate fibroblasts. Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could affect fibrotic processes. This study aims to clarify if DPSCs can affect fibroblast activation and modulate collagen deposition. We set up a transwell co-culture system, where DPSCs were seeded above the monolayer of fibroblasts and stimulated with LPS or a combination of TNF-α and IL-1β and quantified a set of genes involved in inflammasome activation or ECM deposition. Cytokines-stimulated co-cultured fibroblasts, compared to unstimulated ones, showed a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, NAIP, AIM2, CASP1, FN1, and TGF-β genes. At the protein level, IL-1β and IL-6 release as well as FN1 were increased in stimulated, co-cultured fibroblasts. Moreover, we found a significant increase of MMP-9 production, suggesting a role of DPSCs in ECM remodeling. Our data seem to suggest a crosstalk between cultured fibroblasts and DPSCs, which seems to modulate genes involved in inflammasome activation, ECM deposition, wound healing, and fibrosis.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammasomes; Stem Cells; Collagen; Coculture Techniques; Extracellular Matrix; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Dermis; Interleukin-1beta
PubMed: 38786058
DOI: 10.3390/cells13100836