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Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2021Caries incidence and prevalence have decreased significantly over the last few decades due to widespread use of fluoride. However, an increase in the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
Caries incidence and prevalence have decreased significantly over the last few decades due to widespread use of fluoride. However, an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis has been reported in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Care must be taken to ensure that a balance between the optimal fluoride preventive effect at the individual and community level and minimal risk of dental fluorosis is maintained. This review describes the main sources of fluoride intake that have been identified: fluoridated drinking water, dietary fluoride supplement, and topical forms comprising toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. The cited data were taken from meta-analytic studies and reports from Cochrane database systematic reviews up to December 2019. Efficiency, but safety, of topically applied fluorides in individual home care is dependent on the degree of compliance of individuals/parents and on the level of competence of providers of preventive counselling. The broad spectrum of these resources allows individualization of fluoride prevention based on risk analysis of caries attack and taking into consideration other preventive measures.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Dietary Supplements; Fluoridation; Fluorides, Topical; Fluorosis, Dental; Home Care Services; Humans; Mouthwashes
PubMed: 34331425
DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2021.13 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Nov 2021To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To test the effectiveness of a dentifrice containing the turmeric and licorice extract compared to a control for preventing plaque and gingivitis over a four-month period.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ninety (non-dental) participants with moderate gingival inflammation (≥ 40%) were selected. The triple blind study consisted of two phases, namely at first a 3-week pre-experimental phase of using an oxygenating and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. Secondly, a 4-month experimental period in which participants were randomly assigned to a test or control group. All were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for 2 minutes with their assigned dentifrice. Gingival bleeding (BI), plaque (PI) and gingivitis (GI) were assessed.
RESULTS
Eighty participants completed the protocol. At the first assessment in the pre-experimental phase, the mean scores of all indices showed no differences for the two groups. At the second session, the values of all three parameters had decreased significantly (p < 0.001). At the last session, the BI values were 0.52(0.25) for the test group and 0.56(0.25) for the control, the mean GI was 0.27(0.17) for the test group and 0.31(0.16) for the control, and for PI the scores were 1.89(0.46) for the test group and 1.98(0.43) for the control group. Statistical comparison of the scores for the two groups at each stage of the study showed no significant difference for any of the parameters.
CONCLUSION
Within the limits of the current study design, dentifrice formulation and concentration of turmeric/licorice extracts, the results show that the adjuvant effect of the natural ingredients in the test dentifrice was not evident on clinical parameters of gingivitis and plaque.
Topics: Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 33991392
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12517 -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2023This study analyzed associations of cumulative learning, demographic characteristics, fluoride content, and toothbrush head size with the amount of toothpaste used by...
PURPOSE
This study analyzed associations of cumulative learning, demographic characteristics, fluoride content, and toothbrush head size with the amount of toothpaste used by dental students.
METHODS
Students in the third and fifth year of dental school were recruited. Each participant was asked to dispense three toothpastes (pediatric, regular fluoride, and high fluoride) on five toothbrushes (rotation-oscillation, sonic, manual pediatric, and two manual adult toothbrushes). The length and weight of the toothpaste dispensed were recorded. The data were evaluated by nonparametric correlation analysis (P < 0.05).
RESULTS
Eighty-one students (third year = 42; fifth year = 39; mean age: 26.2 ± 5.3 years) participated in the study. More toothpaste was dispensed by third-year students than by fifth-year students (weight: P = 0.014; length: P = 0.037). Men dispensed more toothpaste than did women (weight: P < 0.001; length: P = 0.042). Participants with higher educational attainment dispensed less toothpaste (weight: P < 0.001; length: P < 0.001). The type of toothbrush was associated with the weight of toothpaste dispensed (P < 0.001). Toothbrush head size was inversely associated with the length of toothpaste dispensed (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The amount of toothpaste used by dental students was associated with cumulative learning, educational attainment, sex, and toothbrush head size but not with the fluoride content of the toothpaste.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Child; Female; Young Adult; Toothpastes; Fluorides; Students, Dental; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 37612066
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0047 -
Journal of Dentistry Feb 2018To compare the antimicrobial efficacy and kill penetration of essential oils (EO) mouthrinse versus stannous fluoride, and triclosan dentifrice slurries on...
OBJECTIVES
To compare the antimicrobial efficacy and kill penetration of essential oils (EO) mouthrinse versus stannous fluoride, and triclosan dentifrice slurries on saliva-derived biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
METHODS
Saliva-derived biofilms were grown for 48h on hydroxyapatite discs using pooled, homogenized saliva from 8 healthy volunteers as the inoculum. The mean thickness of these biofilms was 84μm (range, 23-241μm). CLSM with viability mapping was used to visualize the antimicrobial kill penetration of each treatment regime within a biofilm.
RESULTS
At 30s treatment durations, CLSM imaging revealed greater antimicrobial activity and kill penetration of EO mouthrinse compared to sodium fluoride-, stannous fluoride-, and triclosan-containing dentifrice slurries. Quantification of biovolume revealed that EO mouthrinse treatment at 30s resulted in a greater non-viable biovolume proportion (84.6%±15.0%) than other treatment groups. Increasing the treatment duration of the triclosan dentifrice (to 60 and 120s) resulted in better penetration and an increased reduction of viable cells, comparable to EO mouthrinse treatment at 30s duration. Further, CLSM imaging showed that the combined treatment of a non-antimicrobial dentifrice (45s) with EO mouthrinse (30s) showed superior antimicrobial activity (96.2%±3.7%) compared to the antimicrobial triclosan-containing dentifrice used without a mouthrinse step (26.0%±32.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
Within typical exposure times, the EO-containing mouthrinse can penetrate deep into the accumulating plaque biofilm compared to the chemotherapeutic dentifrice slurries, and may provide an efficacious alternative to triclosan, when used as an adjunct with a mechanical oral care regimen.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Using viability mapping and CLSM, this study demonstrated that EO-containing mouthrinse penetrates and kills microorganisms deeper and more effectively in plaque biofilm in typical exposure times when compared to dentifrice chemotherapeutic agents, providing an efficacious alternative to triclosan or stannous fluoride when used as an adjunct to mechanical oral care.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Combined Modality Therapy; Dentifrices; Durapatite; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Microbial Viability; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Saliva; Sodium Fluoride; Time Factors; Tin Fluorides; Triclosan
PubMed: 28863962
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.08.016 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2022Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study...
Cosmetic and personal care products are considered an essential part of our daily care routine; hence, these products must be stable and safe for human use. This study aimed to assess the quality and safety of the most common cosmetic preparations. To select the products to be tested, a cross-sectional survey was distributed featuring the most used types and brands of products. Based on 447 responses from both males and females with different ages and education levels, 21 products from different brands were selected and tested in terms of microbial load, heavy metal content, and organoleptic properties. Microbial contamination was investigated using the aerobic plate count method. Lead (Pb), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As) impurities were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The products included sunblock, lip balm, hand cream, hair cream, shampoo, cleanser, baby oil, baby powder, bar soap, hair dye, makeup, deodorant, hair serum, shaving gel, and toothpaste. Microbial contamination was found in 14 of the products, ranging between 1467.5 and 299.5 cfu/ml. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus species. Most of the tested products showed metal impurities, with toothpaste having the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, As, Cu and Ni. The samples did not show lumps or discoloration, did not have characteristic odors, and had pH values ranging from 6.90 to 8.10. The continuous usage of such products could lead to serious negative consequences. As a result, ensuring the quality of cosmetic products is critical. Regulatory authorities are required to enforce strict legislation on cosmetic manufacturing to assess and ensure the quality and safety of the products before they reach consumers.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Toothpastes; Cross-Sectional Studies; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Cadmium; Cosmetics; Chromium; Nickel; Arsenic; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36316522
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21771-7 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023The 4-week double-blind clinical trial to manage dentin hypersensitivity (DH) using different desensitizing toothpastes was conducted. 53 participants with DH were... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The 4-week double-blind clinical trial to manage dentin hypersensitivity (DH) using different desensitizing toothpastes was conducted. 53 participants with DH were enrolled in this trial. The participants were randomized into 3 groups: Group N; no active ingredient-containing toothpaste (Pleasia fluoride-free), Group SC; a toothpaste containing strontium chloride (Sensodyne Original), and Group TP; a toothpaste containing tricalcium phosphate (Vussen S). They were instructed to brush their teeth manually for 3 min, 3 times per day for 4 weeks with the allocated toothpastes, and were assessed at baseline (0), 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Schiff sensitivity score was recorded to 3 different stimuli (air-blast, cold, and acid) at each assessment. Overall DH was also assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The longer participants used the toothpastes, the greater reduction in DH in all groups to the three stimuli. Group TP demonstrated significant reduction of DH compared to group N for air-blast and cold stimuli. Group TP showed significantly lower VAS than group N and SC. Tricalcium phosphate containing toothpaste used in this trial was most useful to reduce DH. It can be one of the treatment options that alleviate DH.
Topics: Humans; Toothpastes; Sodium Fluoride; Dentin Sensitivity; Treatment Outcome; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Arginine; Double-Blind Method; Fluorides
PubMed: 37002263
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31616-6 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2021This study identified charcoal-based dentifrices and abrasive powders sold in Brazil and analyzed their label information. The products were searched in four online... (Review)
Review
This study identified charcoal-based dentifrices and abrasive powders sold in Brazil and analyzed their label information. The products were searched in four online shopping platforms. The same products were searched on Instagram and their engagement metrics were investigated. Furthermore, a literature review of international publications assessing charcoal dentifrices and powders was conducted, and altmetrics were collected (Altmetric and PlumX). Thirty-six products were found with prices between $0.4-22 USD. Most frequent words in product description were sodium, stain, whitening, oil, xylitol, and coconut. Only 3 products contained fluoride. Bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities were indicated, in addition to non-scientific claims such as calming teeth or increasing oral immunity. In total, 72% of products had Instagram profiles, which generally showed low engagement rates (81%) and medium audience quality scores (65%). Twenty-two articles were found in the literature, from which 21 were in vitro studies. The single clinical study was sponsored by a charcoal product and had no control group. In total, 23% of studies showed positive results and 55% reported negative results for the charcoal products, which included no whitening ability, increased roughness, surface alterations, and lower demineralization prevention ability. Altmetric scores for the included articles varied from 0 to 55, with 40.9% of studies mentioned online. In conclusion, charcoal-based products are using marketing strategies on Instagram but their current engagement with the public is not high. Consumers are being exposed to charcoal products whose potential risks to health are still unknown.
Topics: Brazil; Charcoal; Dentifrices; Humans; Powders
PubMed: 34614064
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104233 -
BMC Oral Health May 2023To assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation, and gingivitis, as compared to a control toothpaste,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The anti-plaque effect of high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation and gingival inflammation, irrespective to individual polishing technique and plaque quality.
AIM
To assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation, and gingivitis, as compared to a control toothpaste, irrespective of individual brushing technique and plaque quality.
METHODS
The experimental gingivitis model, with a split-mouth design was used to assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation. By producing individual fitted trays, the toothpaste was applied in the test quadrant and a control dentifrice in the contralateral. The participants used the individual fitted trays for 1 min every morning and evening, for 21 days. In this period, the participants was only allowed to brush the teeth in the opposite jaw, as usual. Twenty healthy individuals successfully completed the study.
RESULTS
At 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference between test quadrant and control quadrant with regard to plaque indices, gingival index and number of bleeding sites.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that the high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice used did not produce statistically significant anti-plaque effect compared to the control dentifrice, in terms of Plaque- and Gingival Indices, number of bleeding sites or by Quigely and Hein, the Turesky modification Plaque Index, irrespective of brushing technique and individual plaque quality.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Regional Committee for Medical Research and Ethics, South-East Norway in 2021 (REK.2021/370116).
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT05441371 (First registered 09/06/2022, First posted 01/07/2022) ( http://www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov ). (Retrospectively registered).
Topics: Humans; Bicarbonates; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Inflammation; Sodium Bicarbonate; Toothpastes
PubMed: 37170260
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03005-y -
Brazilian Dental Journal Oct 2015Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of...
Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing time of dentifrices with different abrasiveness on ∆E and ∆Ra of nanofilled (Z350, 3M ESPE) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin composites. Sixteen specimens (12 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were fabricated using a white Teflon matrix of each resin composite and a ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), used as control. After initial color readouts on white backgrounds (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), with D65 standard illuminant, and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab) with cut-off=0.8 mm and speed=0.25 mm/s, specimens were assigned (n=8) according to the abrasiveness of the dentifrices: RDA* 68 (Colgate) and RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Specimens were submitted to mechanical brushing (58,400 cycles) and after every 14,600 cycles (1 year of brushing by a healthy individual), new color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Color stability was calculated by CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05), and demonstrated that the dentifrice abrasiveness (p=0.02) and brushing time (p<0.0001) affected the ∆E of nanofilled resin composite. There was no difference on surface roughness of materials (p=0.6752) or brushing time (p=0.7997). In conclusion, the longer the brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness, the greater the color change of the nanofilled resin composite. The surface roughness was not influenced by dentifrice abrasiveness.
Topics: Color; Composite Resins; Dentifrices; Surface Properties; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 26647937
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300399 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Fluoride-containing toothpaste is daily used in toothbrush. Some compounds derived from natural herbs that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities has...
Fluoride-containing toothpaste is daily used in toothbrush. Some compounds derived from natural herbs that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities has attracted increasing attention as potential supplements for the control of oral diseases. In this paper, a natural product mixture (NPM-8) containing eight herbs extracts was added to toothpaste, and its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were investigated. The results showed that NPM-8-containing toothpaste exhibited superior and faster inhibitory and bactericidal effects against , and than that of the NPM-8-free toothpaste. NPM-8-containing toothpaste significantly reduced the biomass of single-species or three-species biofilms. The cytotoxicity of the NPM-8-containing toothpaste was similar to that of the conventional fluoride toothpaste and CHX. The NPM-8-containing toothpaste could significantly inhibit IL-1β and IL-6 production in HGE cells and exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect than that of the NPM-8-free toothpaste. In conclusion, NPM-8-containing fluoride toothpaste is superior to conventional fluoride toothpaste in regard to their antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties. NPM-8-containing toothpaste also has good biocompatibility and is safe for daily use. It indicates that NPM-8 is a promising natural product mixture in oral health.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Products; Fluorides; Sodium Fluoride; Toothpastes
PubMed: 35223552
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.827643