-
F1000Research 2023Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart... (Review)
Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart cities. AI has the potential to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of human error. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the dental industry, just like it is revolutionizing other sectors. It is used in dentistry to diagnose dental diseases and provide treatment recommendations. Dental professionals are increasingly relying on AI technology to assist in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction across ten dental specialties. One of the most significant advantages of AI in dentistry is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing dental professionals with valuable insights to enhance their decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to identify the advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms that have been frequently used in dentistry and assess how well they perform in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment, and prognosis prediction in ten dental specialties; dental public health, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine and pathology, oral & maxillofacial radiology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and digital dentistry in general. We will also show the pros and cons of using AI in all dental specialties in different ways. Finally, we will present the limitations of using AI in dentistry, which made it incapable of replacing dental personnel, and dentists, who should consider AI a complimentary benefit and not a threat.
Topics: Child; Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Algorithms; Endodontics; Orthodontics
PubMed: 37942018
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140204.1 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2021The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether intraoral scanning (IOS) is able to reduce working time and improve patient-reported outcome measures... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate whether intraoral scanning (IOS) is able to reduce working time and improve patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared to conventional impression (CI) techniques, taking into account the size of the scanned area. The secondary aim was to verify the effectiveness of IOS procedures based on available prosthodontic outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic and manual literature searches were performed to collect evidence concerning the outcomes of IOS and CI performed during the treatment of partially and complete edentulous patients for tooth- or implant-supported restorations. Qualitative analysis was conducted to evaluate the time efficiency and PROMs produced by the two different techniques. Clinical prosthodontic outcomes were analyzed among the included studies when available.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies (9 randomized controlled trials and 8 prospective clinical studies) were selected for qualitative synthesis. The 17 included studies provided data from 430 IOS and 370 CI performed in 437 patients. A total of 7 different IOS systems and their various updated versions were used for digital impressions. The results demonstrated that IOS was overall faster than CI independent of whether quadrant or complete-arch scanning was utilized, regardless of the nature of the restoration (tooth or implant supported). IOS was generally preferred over CI regardless of the size of the scanned area and nature of the restoration (tooth- or implant-supported). Similar prosthodontic outcomes were reported for workflows implementing CI and IOS.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this systematic review, IOS is faster than CI, independent of whether a quadrant or complete arch scan is conducted. IOS can improve the patient experience measured by overall preference and comfort and is able to provide reliable prosthodontic outcomes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Reduced procedure working time associated with the use of IOS can improve clinical efficiency and the patient experience during impression procedures. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are an essential component of evidence-based dental practice as they allow the evaluation of therapeutic modalities from the perspective of the patient. IOS is generally preferred by patients over conventional impressions.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Implants; Dental Impression Technique; Humans; Patient Comfort; Prospective Studies; Prosthodontics
PubMed: 34568955
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04157-3 -
Journal of Oral Science Jun 2021This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent studies and case reports on three-dimensional (3D) printing, and to verify the applicability of 3D printers... (Review)
Review
This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent studies and case reports on three-dimensional (3D) printing, and to verify the applicability of 3D printers in the field of dental prostheses. This review was performed by conducting a search of PubMed. The clinical application of fabricating a prosthesis made with cobalt-chromium is considered possible depending on the material and hardware of the 3D printer. However, it is currently difficult to assess the clinical use of 3D-printed zirconia crowns. Further research is required, such as verification of materials used, margin morphology, and hardware. Clinically acceptable results have been reported for patterns using 3D printers. Interim restorations made using a 3D printer have been reported with good results that are considered clinically usable. Dentures made with 3D printers need further verification in terms of strength and deformation. Custom trays made with 3D printers are clinically useful, however, issues remain with design time and effort. Although several studies have reported the usefulness of 3D printers, further verification is required since 3D printers are still considered new technology.
Topics: Crowns; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Prosthodontics
PubMed: 34078769
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0072 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2021To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant referred to as the peri-implant phenotype), in the context of peri-implant esthetic complications.
OVERVIEW
The individual components of the peri-implant phenotype (keratinized mucosa width, mucosal thickness, supracrestal tissue height, and the peri-implant buccal bone) have been linked to different aspects of implant esthetics, as well as health-related aspects. At the time of implant therapy, respecting the biology of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues, and anticipating their remodeling patterns can alleviate future esthetic complications.
CONCLUSIONS
While the current literature may not allow for a point-by-point evidence based-recommendation for the required amount of each peri-implant structure, bearing in mind the proposed values for the components of the peri-implant phenotype, at the time of and prior to implant therapy can lead to more predictable treatment outcomes, and the avoidance of esthetic complications.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Knowledge of hard and soft tissue components surrounding and osseointegrated dental implant, and their underlying biological remodeling process is crucial for carrying out a successful therapy and alleviating possible future esthetic challenges.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Phenotype
PubMed: 33459483
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12709 -
International Journal of Oral Science Jan 2019Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple... (Review)
Review
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Amelogenin; Biomimetics; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Proteins; Dentistry; Tissue Engineering; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 30610185
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2018This report is a presentation of a clinical case that follows a full digital workflow.
BACKGROUND
This report is a presentation of a clinical case that follows a full digital workflow.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year old man presented with pain in the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) and whose aesthetic concern was having a chipped maxillary central incisor veneer. The concern was solved following a fully digital workflow: it was applied the digital smile design protocol, as well as CAD-CAM monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic veneers and crowns (following a minimal invasive preparation approach). The aim of this rehabilitation was to solve a loss of vertical dimension, subsequent aesthetics and temporomandibular joint disorders.
CONCLUSION
Thanks to the evolution of technology in dentistry, it is possible to do a full digital case and solve problems such as loss of vertical dimension successfully. Nevertheless, more clinical studies are needed to obtain consistent results about the digital work flow compared to the conventional technique in loss of vertical dimension cases.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Crowns; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Veneers; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Dental; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Radiography, Panoramic; Smiling; Vertical Dimension; Workflow
PubMed: 30086753
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0597-0 -
Journal of Endodontics Jan 2023The conventional treatment for irreversibly inflamed or necrotic teeth is root canal treatment or apexification. Regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate the damaged... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The conventional treatment for irreversibly inflamed or necrotic teeth is root canal treatment or apexification. Regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate the damaged "pulp-like" tissue, which can preserve the teeth' vitality and sensitivity while avoiding necrosis. The main clinical benefit is root maturation. The "pulp-like" tissue does not refer to regenerated pulp tissue with an odontoblastic layer or the formation of pulp-dentin complexes. The cell homing technique is built on endogenous stem cells and their capacity to regenerate tissue. Cell homing refers to endogenous cells' migration or infiltration into the cite when stimulated by physiochemical or biological stimuli or by passive flow with a blood clot from the apical tissue. Its Regenerative Endodontic Procedures success criteria are defined by the American Association of Endodontists. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of vital pulp tissue and various strategies to promote regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. The cell homing technique will be reviewed through clinical trials.
METHODS
We performed a comprehensive literature review on a total of nine clinical trials of regenerative endodontics using the cell-homing technique based on three databases and duplicate manuscripts were removed.
RESULTS
Regenerative endodontics using the cell-homing technique shows promising results that can be translated into clinical practice. However, a favorable result was observed in immature teeth, and the results are contradictory in mature teeth.
CONCLUSION
Regeneration therapy is an attractive new alternative to conventional endodontic treatments. Preservation of vitality and continuation of root development in damaged teeth would be a clear advantage.
Topics: Humans; Regenerative Endodontics; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Tooth Apex; Apexification; Dental Pulp; Root Canal Therapy; Regeneration; Endodontics
PubMed: 36270575
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.09.008 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2020This study aimed to assess the survival and success of glass fiber posts compared to cast metal posts in teeth without ferrule. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the survival and success of glass fiber posts compared to cast metal posts in teeth without ferrule.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An equivalency, prospective, double-blind (patient and outcome evaluator) randomized controlled trial (RCT) with parallel groups was designed to compare the clinical performance of cast metal and glass fiber posts cemented in endodontically treated teeth without ferrule (NCT01461239). Teeth were randomly allocated to the glass fiber or cast-metal post groups. All teeth were restored with single metal-ceramic crowns. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test was used to test the success and survival between glass fiber and cast metal posts considering a cut-off value of P = 0.05. The annual failure rates were calculated considering the survival data for all restorations and separated by type of post after five years.
RESULTS
A hundred and nineteen patients and 183 posts (72 cast metal posts and 111 glass fiber posts) were analyzed. The median follow-up was 62 months (IQR 37-81). The log-rank test for success (P = 0.26) and survival (P = 0.63) analyses did not present statistically significant differences. The AFR of both posts after 5 years was 1.5%. Considering the posts separately and after 5 years, cast metal posts presented AFR of 1.2% and glass fiber posts AFR of 1.7%. Most failures were in posterior teeth (16/23), 10 failures were classified as root fractures and 5 as post debonding. The follow-up rate was 95.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
Glass fiber and cast metal posts showed good and similar clinical performance.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Results of this randomized controlled trial can help dentists to answer how the best technique to rehabilitate endodontically treated teeth with no remaining coronal wall.
Topics: Composite Resins; Crowns; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass; Humans; Metals; Post and Core Technique; Tooth Fractures; Tooth, Nonvital
PubMed: 32302640
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103334 -
Medical Gas Research 2019Ozone is a highly reactive compound composed of three oxygen atoms that acts as an oxidant and oxidizer. It exists at the ground level as an air pollutant and a... (Review)
Review
Ozone is a highly reactive compound composed of three oxygen atoms that acts as an oxidant and oxidizer. It exists at the ground level as an air pollutant and a constituent of urban smog, as well as in the Earth's upper atmosphere as a protective layer from ultraviolet rays. Healthy cells contain antioxidants such as vitamins C and E to protect against ozone oxidization. However, pathogens such as bacteria contain very trace amounts of antioxidants in their membranes, which make them susceptible to ozone and destroy the cell membrane. This review explores the history, composition, and use of ozone worldwide in dentistry. Ozone therapy has thus far been utilized with wound healing, dental caries, oral lichen planus, gingivitis and periodontitis, halitosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, post-surgical pain, plaque and biofilms, root canals, dentin hypersensitivity, temporomandibular joint disorders, and teeth whitening. The utility of ozone will undoubtedly grow if studies continue to show positive outcomes in an increasing number of dental conditions.
Topics: Dentistry; Humans; Ozone
PubMed: 31552882
DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.266997 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2022Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the...
PURPOSE
Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the anterior maxillary area. Poor esthetic results are caused by inadequate preparation of the hard and soft tissues in this area before treatment. The socket shield technique may be an alternative for a desirable esthetic outcome in dental implant treatments.
STUDY SELECTION
In the present systematic review, PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched for clinical studies published from January 2000 to December 2018.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were included, comprising one randomized controlled trial, two cohort studies, 14 clinical human case reports, and three retrospective case series. In total, 288 patients treated with the socket shield technique with immediate implant placement and follow-up between 3-60 months after placement were included. A quality assessment showed that 12 of the 20 included studies were of good quality. Twenty-six of the 274 (9.5%) cases developed complications or adverse effects related to the socket shield technique. Most studies reported implant survival without the complications (90.5%); most of the cases that were followed up for more than 12 months after implant placement achieved a good esthetic appearance. The failure rate was low without the complications, although there were some failures due to failed implant osseointegration, socket shield mobility and infection, socket shield exposure, socket shield migration, and apical root resorption.
CONCLUSIONS
The socket shield technique can be used in dental implant treatment, but it remains difficult to predict the long-term success of this technique until high-quality evidence becomes available.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33692284
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00054