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PloS One 2022Planimetry is a reliable method for detecting and monitoring plaque. Until now, this method has mainly been applied to conventional-camera images, which is difficult and...
Planimetry is a reliable method for detecting and monitoring plaque. Until now, this method has mainly been applied to conventional-camera images, which is difficult and time-consuming in relation to the entire dentition. Today, 3D-intraoral-scans are well suited for imaging the entire dentition and are therefore an efficient and feasible alternative. 3D-intraoral-scans have already proven successful for the quantification of plaque based on a plaque index. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate whether images from 3D-intraoral-scans are also suitable for valid planimetric plaque measurements and monitoring; intraoral-camera images served as a reference. Twenty subjects (27.5±1.2 years) were included. Plaque was disclosed at three different time points: habitual plaque (T1), after 72 h without oral hygiene (T2) and after subsequent tooth brushing (T3) and quantified using 3D-intraoral-scans and intraoral-camera images (intraoral-camera CS 1500, intraoral-scanner CS 3600; Carestream Dental, Germany). The percentage of the plaque-covered surface of the total surface area (P%) was determined with a software specially programmed for this purpose using images from 3D-intraoral-scans of the oral and vestibular surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, and 44); the intraoral-camera images of the vestibular surfaces of 16 and 36 served as reference. P% from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan and the intraoral-camera revealed a very good correlation (r = 0.876; p ≤ 0.001); the Bland-Altmann analysis showed a good agreement with no proportional and a very minor systematic bias with slightly higher values from images of the 3D-intraoral-scan. Further, P% measurements of the images of the 3D-intraoral-scan were able to detect changes in plaque levels, showing a 47% (p ≤ 0.001) increase in P% from T1 to T2 and a 43% (p ≤ 0.001) decrease after toothbrushing (T3). Planimetry using images of the 3D-intraoral-scan seems to be a suitable tool for whole mouth planimetry to record and monitor dental plaque.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Tooth; Dentition; Toothbrushing; Software; Imaging, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 36288348
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276686 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2023To compare mandibular relative anchorage loss (RAL) under reciprocal anchorage between first and second premolar extraction cases in bimaxillary protrusion mild crowding...
OBJECTIVES
To compare mandibular relative anchorage loss (RAL) under reciprocal anchorage between first and second premolar extraction cases in bimaxillary protrusion mild crowding cases treated using clear aligner therapy (CAT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adult patients who met the following criteria were included: treated using CAT with bilateral mandibular premolar extractions and space closure using intra-arch reciprocal anchorage. RAL was defined as the percent molar mesial movement relative to the sum of molar mesial plus canine distal movement. Movements of the mandibular central incisor (L1), canine (L3), and first molar (L6) were measured based on superimposition of the pre- and post-treatment dentition and jaw models.
RESULTS
Among the 60 mandibular extraction quadrants, 38 had lower first premolar (L4) and 22 had lower second premolar (L5) extracted. L6 mesial movement was 2.01 ± 1.11 mm with RAL of 25% in the L4 extraction group vs 3.25 ± 1.19 mm with RAL of 40% in the L5 extraction group (P < .001). Tooth movement efficacy was 43% for L1 occlusogingival movement, 75% for L1 buccolingual inclination, 60% for L3 occlusogingival movement, and 53% for L3 mesiodistal angulation. L1 had unwanted extrusion and lingual crown torquing whereas L3 had unwanted extrusion and distal crown tipping, on which the power ridges or attachments had little preventive effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The average mandibular reciprocal RAL is 25% or 40% for extraction of L4 or L5, respectively, in CAT cases. A RAL-based treatment planning workflow is proposed for CAT extraction cases.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Tooth Movement Techniques; Molar; Malocclusion; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 37343197
DOI: 10.2319/102222-727.1 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2022Regional odontodysplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterised by hypoplasia and hypomineralisation of enamel and dentin. Our systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
Regional odontodysplasia is a rare developmental disorder characterised by hypoplasia and hypomineralisation of enamel and dentin. Our systematic review aimed to organise the knowledge on localisation, symptomatology and treatment methods in patients with regional odontodysplasia based on case reports published in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Case reports were described in 28 different countries, considering 180 patients (including 91 females). Regional odontodysplasia occurs mainly in both deciduous and permanent dentition (66.1%). The affected teeth were observed more frequently in the maxilla (70.0%), especially on the left side (45.6%). The most common reported symptoms were ghost teeth, poorly developed buds, yellowish-brown colour of crowns and delayed eruption of permanent teeth in affected quadrants. The most popular treatment method was surgical treatment (78.6%) with subsequent prosthetic therapy (34.6%). Based on the review of cases, pathognomonic clinical and radiological signs can be found, however, it is difficult to reach a consensus on the choice of treatment method.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Maxilla; Odontodysplasia; Radiography; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 35162705
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031683 -
Microbiome Apr 2018The present study aimed to identify patterns and processes in acquisition of oral bacteria and to characterize the microbiota of different dentition states and habitats....
METHODS
The present study aimed to identify patterns and processes in acquisition of oral bacteria and to characterize the microbiota of different dentition states and habitats. Mucosal, salivary, supragingival, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from orally and systemically healthy children and mother-child dyads in predentate, primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions. 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared to the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Functional potential was inferred using PICRUSt.
RESULTS
Unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances were significantly smaller between each mother-predentate dyad than infant-unrelated female dyads. Predentate children shared a median of 85% of species-level operational taxonomic units (s-OTUs) and 100% of core s-OTUs with their mothers. Maternal smoking, but not gender, mode of delivery, feeding habits, or type of food discriminated between predentate microbial profiles. The primary dentition demonstrated expanded community membership, structure, and function when compared to the predentate stage, as well as significantly lower similarity between mother-child dyads. The primary dentition also included 85% of predentate core s-OTUs. Subsequent dentitions exhibited over 90% similarity to the primary dentition in phylogenetic and functional structure. Species from the predentate mucosa as well as new microbial assemblages were identified in the primary supragingival and subgingival microbiomes. All individuals shared 65% of species between supragingival and subgingival habitats; however, the salivary microbiome exhibited less than 35% similarity to either habitat.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of a cross-sectional study design, we identified two definitive stages in oral bacterial colonization: an early predentate imprinting and a second wave with the eruption of primary teeth. Bacterial acquisition in the oral microbiome is influenced by the maternal microbiome. Personalization begins with the eruption of primary teeth; however, this is limited to phylogeny; functionally, individuals exhibit few differences, suggesting that microbial assembly may follow a defined schematic that is driven by the functional requirements of the ecosystem. This early microbiome forms the foundation upon which newer communities develop as more colonization niches emerge, and expansion of biodiversity is attributable to both introduction of new species and increase in abundance of predentate organisms.
Topics: Biodiversity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition; Gingiva; Humans; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Mouth; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 29631628
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0443-2 -
Zebrafish Feb 2015The zebrafish, a model organism for which a plethora of molecular and genetic techniques exists, has a lifelong replacing dentition of 22 pharyngeal teeth. This is in... (Review)
Review
The zebrafish, a model organism for which a plethora of molecular and genetic techniques exists, has a lifelong replacing dentition of 22 pharyngeal teeth. This is in contrast to the mouse, which is the key organism in dental research but whose teeth are never replaced. Employing the zebrafish as the main organism to elucidate the mechanisms of continuous tooth replacement, however, poses at least one major problem, related to the fact that all teeth are located deep inside the body. Investigating tooth replacement thus relies on conventional histological methods, which are often laborious, time-consuming and can cause tissue deformations. In this review, we investigate the advantages and limitations of adapting current visualization techniques to dental research in zebrafish. We discuss techniques for fast sectioning, such as vibratome sectioning and high-resolution episcopic microscopy, and methods for in toto visualization, such as Alizarin red staining, micro-computed tomography, and optical projection tomography. Techniques for in vivo imaging, such as two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy, are also covered. Finally, the possibilities of light sheet microscopy are addressed.
Topics: Animals; Dentition; Microscopy; Microtomy; Radiography; Staining and Labeling; Tomography; Tooth; Zebrafish
PubMed: 25560992
DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.0980 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Dec 2015Teeth that have suffered trauma can fuse to the surrounding bone in a process called dental ankylosis. Ankylosed permanent front teeth fail to erupt during facial growth... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Teeth that have suffered trauma can fuse to the surrounding bone in a process called dental ankylosis. Ankylosed permanent front teeth fail to erupt during facial growth and can become displaced, thus resulting in functional and aesthetic problems. Dental ankylosis is also associated with root resorption, which may eventually lead to the loss of affected teeth. Different interventions for the management of ankylosed permanent front teeth have been described, but it is unclear which are the most effective.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of any intervention that can be used in the treatment of ankylosed permanent front teeth.
SEARCH METHODS
The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 3 August 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 2015, Issue 7), MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 3 August 2015), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 3 August 2015) and LILACS via BIREME (1982 to 3 August 2015). We searched the US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No restrictions were placed on the language or date of publication when searching the electronic databases.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any intervention for treating displaced ankylosed permanent front teeth in individuals of any age. Treatments could be compared with one another, with placebo or with no treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two independent review authors screened studies independently. Full papers were obtained for potentially relevant trials. Although no study was included, the authors had planned to extract data independently and to analyse the data according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
MAIN RESULTS
No randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were identified.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
We were unable to identify any reports of randomised controlled trials regarding the efficacy of different treatment options for ankylosed permanent front teeth. The lack of high level evidence for the management of this health problem emphasises the need for well designed clinical trials on this topic, which conform to the CONSORT statement (www.consort-statement.org/).
Topics: Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Incisor; Tooth Ankylosis
PubMed: 26677103
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007820.pub3 -
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Jun 2022Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar (EFUPM) is defined as its local disturbed eruptive behaviour, positioning too mesially against the distal aspect of the... (Review)
Review
AIM
Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar (EFUPM) is defined as its local disturbed eruptive behaviour, positioning too mesially against the distal aspect of the second upper primary molar during the developing mixed dentition. The EFUPM prevalence is up to 6% and affects both genders equally. The present study aimed to perform a scoping review to collect the most relevant studies published in the last 30 years and focused on the different strategies, traditional and novel, for treating irreversible uni- or bilateral EFUPM in children. This review also aimed to make recommendations and map the gaps in this clinical topic.
METHODS
An electronic and manual search was conducted in five databases according to previously established eligibility criteria, using different combinations of keywords, MeSH terms, and Boolean operators. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened and selected by pre-calibrated reviewers. A data charting was also accomplished for summarising the overview of the evidence.
CONCLUSION
Paediatric dentists must learn to diagnose and treat this condition early in order to allow the prevention of future malocclusions and other clinical sequelae. Practitioners have at their disposal a variety of corrective options available for the successful resolution of EFUPM.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Maxilla; Molar; Tooth Eruption, Ectopic
PubMed: 35722842
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2022.23.02.02 -
PloS One 2015Shark and ray (elasmobranch) dentitions are well known for their multiple generations of teeth, with isolated teeth being common in the fossil record. However, how the...
Shark and ray (elasmobranch) dentitions are well known for their multiple generations of teeth, with isolated teeth being common in the fossil record. However, how the diverse dentitions characteristic of elasmobranchs form is still poorly understood. Data on the development and maintenance of the dental patterning in this major vertebrate group will allow comparisons to other morphologically diverse taxa, including the bony fishes, in order to identify shared pattern characters for the vertebrate dentition as a whole. Data is especially lacking from the Batoidea (skates and rays), hence our objective is to compile data on embryonic and adult batoid tooth development contributing to ordering of the dentition, from cleared and stained specimens and micro-CT scans, with 3D rendered models. We selected species (adult and embryonic) spanning phylogenetically significant batoid clades, such that our observations may raise questions about relationships within the batoids, particularly with respect to current molecular-based analyses. We include developmental data from embryos of recent model organisms Leucoraja erinacea and Raja clavata to evaluate the earliest establishment of the dentition. Characters of the batoid dentition investigated include alternate addition of teeth as offset successional tooth rows (versus single separate files), presence of a symphyseal initiator region (symphyseal tooth present, or absent, but with two parasymphyseal teeth) and a restriction to tooth addition along each jaw reducing the number of tooth families, relative to addition of successor teeth within each family. Our ultimate aim is to understand the shared characters of the batoids, and whether or not these dental characters are shared more broadly within elasmobranchs, by comparing these to dentitions in shark outgroups. These developmental morphological analyses will provide a solid basis to better understand dental evolution in these important vertebrate groups as well as the general plesiomorphic vertebrate dental condition.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Dentition; Fossils; Models, Anatomic; Phylogeny; Sharks; Skates, Fish; Species Specificity; Tooth; Tooth Crown; Tooth Root; Vertebrates
PubMed: 25874547
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122553 -
Progress in Orthodontics May 2023Dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in the mixed and permanent detitions and can have a major impact on dentofacial esthetics. However, adjustments to the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in the mixed and permanent detitions and can have a major impact on dentofacial esthetics. However, adjustments to the development and growth of the dentition can potentiate self-correction of dental crowding during childhood.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the physiological behavior of mandibular incisor crowding in the transition from mixed to permanent dentition.
METHODOLOGY
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and LIVIVO) and part of the gray literature (Proquest and Google Scholar) were investigated, based on the eligibility criteria associated with the acronym PECO, until June 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool and the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool.
RESULTS
Among the 2.663 studies identified, five were selected for qualitative analysis, of which one have a low risk of bias, and four, a moderate risk. A total of 243 patients were evaluated. Evidence with a high level of certainty was generated indicating a tendency for improvement in mandibular incisor crowding from mixed to permanent dentition, with mandibular incisor crowding decreasing from 0.17 to 4.62 mm on average. The mandibular incisor crowding reduction seems to be associated with the amount of initial crowding and spontaneous dental arch dimensional changes that occur in the mixed dentition and culminate in the increase in arch perimeter, leeway space, incisor protrusion and transverse growth of the maxillary and mandibular arch.
CONCLUSION
Based on moderate scientific evidence, spontaneous longitudinal changes in dental arch in the transition from the mixed to the permanent dentition demonstrate a spontaneous improvement in mandibular incisor crowding by up to 4.62 mm. These evidence provide a scientific basis for planning only longitudinal follow-up in patients with mild to borderline moderate mandibular incisor crowding in the mixed dentition avoiding overtreatment.
Topics: Humans; Dentition, Permanent; Incisor; Dental Arch; Malocclusion; Dentition, Mixed; Mandible
PubMed: 37150772
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00466-3 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental arch spatial changes in maxillary and mandibular arches after premature loss of primary molars.
AIM
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental arch spatial changes in maxillary and mandibular arches after premature loss of primary molars.
INTRODUCTION
Primary teeth must be maintained during the change from primary to mixed and then permanent dentition, to preserve and maintain the dental arch. When this normal process is disturbed, usually due to severe decay requiring extraction before normal exfoliation, it can result in migration of adjacent teeth toward the missing space resulting in decreased arch length and malocclusion in the permanent dentition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, LILACS, and ScienceDirect. The title and abstract were screened to find relevant articles, which were then reviewed in full to see if they were worthy of inclusion. All longitudinal and observational studies that looked at space changes after the loss of primary first or second molars were included. Quality assessment of the studies was done based on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale as all the included studies were non-randomized studies.
RESULTS
Four thousand five hundred and seventy-eight articles were identified by screening electronic database and assessed for eligibility, 12 full-text articles were assessed, and 4 full-text articles were excluded as they did not match the inclusion criteria. Thus, eight articles were included in this systematic review. Short term and long term space changes and loss of maxillary and mandibular molars were studied individually. In the short term changes, the distal migration of the primary cuspid towards the missing space within 1 month was attributable to early space changes after premature loss of the mandibular first molar, and the greatest space loss was recorded in the first 3 months after premature loss. After the premature loss of the maxillary first molar, immediate space loss of 1mm was documented due to distal migration of the primary canine. Studies found that space loss was caused by the distal migration of primary canines in the case of mandibular primary first molar loss, and that space loss was larger in the mandibular arch after premature loss of second primary molars.
CONCLUSION
The greatest repercussions occurred during the first 3 months after the deciduous molars were extracted, and a space maintainer was recommended in the majority of cases, mainly when there is premature loss of mandibular second primary molar as it leads to mesial displacement of the first permanent molar.
Topics: Dental Arch; Maxilla; Molar; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 36260463
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_230_22