-
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein naturally found in breast milk, is known for its bactericidal and antiviral properties, as well as its capacity to modulate the immune...
BACKGROUND
Lactoferrin, a glycoprotein naturally found in breast milk, is known for its bactericidal and antiviral properties, as well as its capacity to modulate the immune system; therefore, pediatricians routinely recommend it as dietary support. The objective of this study was to determine how lactoferrin oral suspension could affect the enamel surface characteristics of primary and permanent teeth.
METHODS
This research was conducted on 40 unidentified extracted teeth, including primary and permanent teeth. Experimental teeth were free of cracks or enamel defects, as confirmed by careful examination using a dental operating microscope. The crowns were bisected into 80 specimens and assorted into two groups based on the type of dentition. Group DM included 40 specimens of second deciduous molars, while Group PM contained 40 samples of first premolars. Each of the DM and PM specimens was subsequently split based on the type of dispersion medium into two subgroups: a control subgroup (artificial saliva) and a test subgroup (lactoferrin suspension). The specimens were immersed in lactoferrin suspension for two minutes, then kept in artificial saliva for the rest of the 24 h for 30 successive days. This is a pioneering study about the effect of orally supplemented lactoferrin on teeth; therefore, we examined enamel hardness, ultra-morphology, and mineral contents.
RESULTS
Our findings indicated a highly significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the microhardness of the lactoferrin subgroup in Group DM (second deciduous molars) and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the microhardness of the lactoferrin subgroup in Group PM (premolars). Calcium weight% was not statistically different (p > 0.05) compared with a significant decline (p < 0.05) in phosphorus weight% in lactoferrin subgroups in both DM and PM groups. The enamel surface of lactoferrin subgroups in both DM and PM groups was demineralized and porous, with the enamel of deciduous teeth being more affected by lactoferrin than permanent teeth.
CONCLUSION
Lactoferrin suspension decreased the microhardness of enamel and both calcium and phosphorus weight percentages. Both dentitions exhibited erosions in the enamel surface, with primary teeth being more affected than the permanent teeth.
Topics: Humans; Lactoferrin; Calcium; Saliva, Artificial; Tooth, Deciduous; Dental Enamel; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38082265
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03709-1 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2021This study, using a retrospective analysis of nationwide dental records of school-going children over 8 years, aims to identify childhood factors associated with dental...
OBJECTIVE
This study, using a retrospective analysis of nationwide dental records of school-going children over 8 years, aims to identify childhood factors associated with dental caries incidence in the permanent dentition up to adolescence.
METHODS
Students studying in primary and secondary schools in Singapore are eligible for free basic dental care under the nationwide School Dental Service (SDS). All available dental records, general health records, and sociodemographic data from 2009 to 2017 were extracted as anonymised records, for a full cohort of 29,617 students that were enrolled in Primary 1 in 2009. Multiple logistic regression and modified Poisson regression were applied to identify risk factors for caries incidence in the permanent dentition over 8 years.
RESULTS
Caries occurred in the permanent dentition of 9389 (31.7%) students in the 8 years. Risk of caries incidence in the permanent dentition was associated with baseline caries in the primary (risk ratio [RR]: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.81, 1.95) and permanent (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.61) dentition, tooth hypoplasia (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.68), and poor baseline oral hygiene (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12). Sociodemographic predictors of caries incidence include a lower socioeconomic status, Chinese ethnicity, female gender, and enrolment in nonmainstream schools or schools in the Eastern and Western regions of Singapore.
CONCLUSIONS
Both clinical and sociodemographic factors in childhood are associated with caries incidence in the permanent dentition and can be used for structuring dental service provision and identifying caries-susceptible individuals and groups for early prevention and intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; DMF Index; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Schools; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33743991
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.008 -
Progress in Orthodontics Feb 2023During the intrusion of lower incisors with clear aligners (CAs), root disengagement from the alveolar bone often occurs, resulting in serious complications. This study...
BACKGROUND
During the intrusion of lower incisors with clear aligners (CAs), root disengagement from the alveolar bone often occurs, resulting in serious complications. This study aimed to determine the potential force mechanism of the mandibular anterior teeth under the pressure of CA, providing theoretical data for clinical practice.
METHODS
In this study, a 3D finite element model was established, including the CA, periodontal ligament, and mandibular dentition. Incisor mandibular plane angles were set as 5 groups: 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, and 110°. The 4 mandibular incisors were intruded by 0.2 mm, while the canines were the anchorage teeth. The stress, force systems, and potential movement trends of mandibular anterior teeth were obtained.
RESULTS
The compressive stress of the incisors was concentrated in the lingual fossa, incisal ridge, and apex. With the increase in IMPA, the moment of central incisors changed from lingual crown moment to labial crown moment, with the turning point between 100° and 105°, but the center of resistance (CR) was always subjected to the force toward the lingual and intrusive direction. The force and moment toward the labial side of the lateral incisors were greater than those toward the central incisors. The canines always tipped distally and received extrusive force with no relationship with IMPA.
CONCLUSIONS
With the increase in the initial IMPA, the direction of labiolingual force on the mandibular incisors was reversed. However, the root of the lower incisors always tipped labially, which indicated fenestration and dehiscence.
Topics: Incisor; Finite Element Analysis; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth Movement Techniques; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 36775824
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00454-7 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Aug 2020Dental anomalies occurring in deciduous teeth can affect the eruption of the permanent dentition and the occlusion stability. The occurrence of dental anomalies such as...
Dental anomalies occurring in deciduous teeth can affect the eruption of the permanent dentition and the occlusion stability. The occurrence of dental anomalies such as double teeth during the primary dentition in the daily practice might be frequent. The study aimed to qualitatively summarize the therapeutic management of double teeth in primary incisors. A systematic review regarding the therapy of primary fused incisors in the mandible was performed and the obtained data were assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following electronic databases were screened from 1st January, 1996 until 30th July, 2019: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and the archives of paediatric dental journals. The search terms were grouped in anatomic entity: ( OR OR ), pathological condition: ( OR OR OR ), intervention: ( OR OR OR OR OR OR ), observed parameters: ( OR OR ). Ten articles met all inclusion criteria. The data disclosed the occurrence of double teeth in mandibular incisors. The main management of this clinical condition is either preventive or surgical involving the extraction of fused teeth, based on the deciduous nature of the teeth, the degree of caries and malocclusion development risk. An early diagnosis of dental anomalies is fundamental for the application of proper preventive strategies to avoid a potential malocclusion in permanent dentition and to maintain these teeth sound and caries-free until the eruption of the permanent dentition.
Topics: Anodontia; Child; Fused Teeth; Humans; Incisor; Mandible; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 32125202
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734233 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Dec 2016This was primarily to examine the effect of premature extraction of primary teeth (PEPT) on subsequent malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent... (Review)
Review
AIM
This was primarily to examine the effect of premature extraction of primary teeth (PEPT) on subsequent malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. The secondary aim was to correlate the effect of PEPT with loss of space in the primary and mixed dentitions.
METHODS
A predefined protocol was developed and registered prospectively with PROSPERO database. The electronic databases, searched, were MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The study designs considered for inclusion were controlled trials, cohort, and case-control studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a validated quality assessment tool.
RESULTS
513 studies were identified. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review, one study reported on malocclusion, and 15 studies reported on space changes. Narrative synthesis was undertaken owing to the heterogeneity of the included studies. No study examined the effect of PEPT on orthodontic need. Most studies reported on space dimensions used a split-mouth design and were at a high risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The included literature identified that PEPT led to various features of malocclusion and space loss in the mixed and permanent dentitions. No studies, that met the inclusion criteria, described the effect of PEPT on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Orthodontics, Corrective; Tooth Extraction; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 27812892
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0247-7 -
PloS One 2023In a late Swedish Viking Age population dating from around 10th-12th century AD, the prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied. Tooth wear,...
In a late Swedish Viking Age population dating from around 10th-12th century AD, the prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied. Tooth wear, other dental pathology and anatomical variations were identified and recorded clinically and radiographically. A total of 3293 teeth were analyzed from 171 individuals with complete and partial dentitions, of which 133 were permanent and 38 deciduous/mixed dentition. The dentitions were studied clinically, using a dental probe under a strong light source, and radiographs were taken for 18 of the individuals to verify and complement the clinical caries registration. Almost half the population, 83 of 171 individuals (49%), had at least one carious lesion. All individuals with deciduous or mixed dentitions were caries-free. The number of teeth affected by caries among adults was 424 (13%) and the surface most susceptible to caries was the root surface. The tooth most commonly affected by caries was the first mandibular molar. Other findings included apical infections, which were detected clinically in 4% of the teeth, and one case of filed front teeth. The findings gave a unique understanding of life and death in this early Christian Viking community and indicated that it was common to suffer from dental caries, tooth loss, infections of dental origin and tooth pain. These Vikings also manipulated their teeth through filing, tooth picking and other occupational behaviors.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sweden; Tooth, Deciduous; Prevalence; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility
PubMed: 38091309
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295282 -
Progress in Orthodontics Nov 2022Clear aligner (CA) treatment has been gaining popularity, but the biomechanical effects of CAs in bimaxillary dentition have not been thoroughly investigated. Direct and...
BACKGROUND
Clear aligner (CA) treatment has been gaining popularity, but the biomechanical effects of CAs in bimaxillary dentition have not been thoroughly investigated. Direct and indirect strong anchorages are two common anchorage control methods, but the underlying biomechanical mechanism has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the different biomechanical effects of CAs in closing the bimaxillary space under different anchorage controls, further instructing the compensation strategies design and strong anchorage choice in clinical practice.
METHODS
Three-dimensional (3D) bimaxillary models of different anchorage controls were created based on cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scan data. Four first premolars were extracted using 3D modeling software. Finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the space closure process of the CAs.
RESULTS
In the two strong anchorage groups, the bimaxillary dentition presented different movement patterns during the space closure process, and the lower dentition was more vulnerable to elastic force. From the vertical view, direct strong anchorage with elastic force had the advantage of flattening the longitudinal occlusal curve and resisting the roller-coaster effects, whereas indirect strong anchorage could lead to a deep longitudinal occlusal curve. From the sagittal view, indirect strong anchorage with metallic ligaments had a greater instantaneous anchorage protection effect, particularly in the lower dentition, which reduced the mesial movement of the posterior teeth by nearly four times that of the direct anchorage group. In addition, indirect strong anchorage presented better anterior teeth torque/tipping control, while direct strong anchorage could aggravate lingual tipping of the upper central incisors. Due to the differences in anterior-posterior anchorage and arch shape, compared with the upper dentition, anchorage preservation and vertical control effects were amplified in the lower dentition.
CONCLUSIONS
The biomechanical effects of CAs differed between the two strong anchorage groups. Due to the differences in dentition morphology, anterior-posterior anchorage, and dental arch shape, CAs present different biomechanical effects in bimaxillary space closure. Orthodontists should consider the corresponding mechanical compensation according to specific anchorage control methods and dentitions.
Topics: Humans; Finite Element Analysis; Tooth Movement Techniques; Incisor; Bicuspid; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 36372824
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00435-2 -
Community Dental Health May 2022To assess the experience, prevalence, need for treatment and economic impact of caries among students 6-12 years old in four cities in Mexico.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the experience, prevalence, need for treatment and economic impact of caries among students 6-12 years old in four cities in Mexico.
BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN
Cross-sectional clinical study.
SETTING
Elementary public schools.
PARTICIPANTS
500 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years.
METHOD
Oral clinical examinations using WHO criteria for caries in the primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Indicators of caries in the primary and permanent dentitions: experience, prevalence, severity and the Significant Caries Index. In addition, we calculated the treatment needs, dental care rate and cost of care.
RESULTS
dmft in the primary dentition was 2.59±2.83, and DMFT was 0.82±1.44 in the permanent dentition. Caries prevalence reached 67.7% in the primary and 34.1% in permanent dentition. The treatment needs index was 85.9% and 91.3% in the primary and permanent dentitions, respectively; the dental care index was 13.9% and 8.5%, respectively. The cost of care for caries in the primary dentition was estimated at $22.087 millions of international dollars (PPP US$) when amalgam was the restorative material used, and PPP US$19.107 millions for glass ionomer. For the permanent dentition, the cost was PPP US$7.431 millions when amalgam was used and PPP US$7.985 millions when resin/composite was used as restorative material.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence and experience of caries in the primary dentition were 50% greater than those of other studies carried out in Mexico. In the permanent dentition they were less. There is considerable need for the treatment of caries and minimal experience with restorative care. The cost of care for caries may be assumed to be high for a health system such as Mexico's.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; DMF Index; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Developing Countries; Humans; Prevalence; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 35020280
DOI: 10.1922/CDH_00245LucasRincon06 -
Journal of Anatomy Feb 2022The two- and three-dimensional assessment of dental tissues has become routine in human taxonomic studies throughout the years. Nonetheless, most of our knowledge of the...
The two- and three-dimensional assessment of dental tissues has become routine in human taxonomic studies throughout the years. Nonetheless, most of our knowledge of the variability of the enamel and dentine dimensions of the human evolutionary lineage comes from the study of permanent dentition, and particularly from molars. This leads to a biased view of the variability of these features. Due to their early formation and rapid development, the deciduous teeth allow more simplified inferences regarding the processes involved in the dental tissue development of each group. Therefore, their study could be very valuable in dental palaeohistology. In this research, we have explored the dental tissue proportions of the deciduous canines belonging to some human samples of the Early and Middle Pleistocene. The purpose of this was to discuss the meaning of the similarities and differences observed in their histological pattern, as well as to evaluate the degree of covariance with that observed in the permanent dentition of these populations. Our results show that, although there are some similarities in the dental tissue proportions between the deciduous and permanent canines of the study samples, the two dental classes do not provide a similar or comparable pictures of the dental tissue pattern present in the dentition of fossil hominins. Future works on the dental tissue patterns of the anterior and posterior dentition, including deciduous teeth, of fossil samples, may help to shed light on this hypothesis.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Fossils; Hominidae; Humans; Molar; Tooth; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 34611899
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13558 -
Progress in Orthodontics Mar 2019Marfan syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease of the connective tissue associated with various craniofacial abnormalities. Aim of the present study was...
BACKGROUND
Marfan syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease of the connective tissue associated with various craniofacial abnormalities. Aim of the present study was to assess the variability of palatal shape in a sample of 31 Marfan patients compared to a control group of no syndromic subjects, in two stages of dentition, by using 3D geometric morphometric analysis.
METHODS
Thirty one growing subjects with Marfan syndrome were selected and divided into two subgroups: MG1 with mixed dentition (10 M, 6F, mean age 7+/- 0.7 years), MG2 with permanent dentition (8 M, 7F, mean age 13+/- 0,5 years). Each subgroup was compared to a control group (CG1 mixed dentition, 9 M, 7F, mean age 7.6+/- 0.5 years; CG2 permanent dentition, 9 M, 6F, mean age 12.8+/- 0.7 years) matched on age, sex distribution, stage of dentition and skeletal maturation. Then the two subgroups were compared one to each other. For each patient maxillary dental casts were taken, scanned and digitized. 3D geometric morphometric methods were applied. Procrustes analysis was used and principal component analysis was performed to reveal the main patterns of palatal shape variation.
RESULTS
Both Marfan subgroups showed important reductions in the transversal plane associated with a deep palatal vault when compared to the control groups (MG1 vs CG1 P = 0,003; MG2 vs CG2 P = 0,07). Moreover a statistically significant difference between the palatal shape of MG1 and MG2 was found (P = 0.017) showing a significant worsening of palatal depth and constriction from mixed to permanent dentition in Marfan subjects.
CONCLUSION
Marfan subjects showed a specific palatal morphology with maxillary constriction and deeper palatal vault when compared to a control group of healthy subjects. The constriction and the depth of the palatal vault in Marfan patients worsen from mixed dentition to permanent dentition more then in no syndromic subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dentition; Dentition, Mixed; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Marfan Syndrome; Maxilla; Palate
PubMed: 30880370
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-019-0264-2