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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Tinea
PubMed: 37783500
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.23002 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2020In this review, we discuss Malassezia folliculitis (MF), which is an inflammation in the hair follicles caused by different Malassezia species. The prevalence of MF in... (Review)
Review
In this review, we discuss Malassezia folliculitis (MF), which is an inflammation in the hair follicles caused by different Malassezia species. The prevalence of MF in the population worldwide ranges from 1% to 17%. Clinically, it may be difficult to distinguish from acne vulgaris, as it presents as erythematous 2-4 mm large papules and pustules on the back, chest and neck. Adequate diagnostic methods, including microscopy or biopsy, are essential to confirm the MF diagnosis, and to ensure initiation of the appropriate anti-fungal treatment.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biopsy; Dermatomycoses; Folliculitis; Humans; Malassezia
PubMed: 33215579
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Apr 2024Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce... (Review)
Review
Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce a secondary Malassezia dermatitis, otitis externa or paronychia. Since allergic dermatitis is one of the most common underlying causes, diagnostic investigation for allergy is often indicated. Cats may suffer from various other underlying problems, especially where Malassezia dermatitis is generalised. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats is chronic, relapsing and pruritic. Direct cytology from dermatological lesions and the ear canal, showing "peanut-shaped" budding yeasts, facilitates a rapid and reliable diagnosis. Topical treatment includes antiseptic and antifungal azole-based products. Systemic treatment with oral antifungals is indicated only in severe or refractory disease. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause is essential for an optimal response. In this evidence-based narrative review, we discuss the clinical presentation of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats, underlying comorbidities, and diagnostic considerations. Treatment is discussed in light of emerging evidence of antifungal resistance and the authors' clinical experience.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Malassezia; Dermatomycoses; Cat Diseases; Antifungal Agents; Dog Diseases; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Dermatitis
PubMed: 38431127
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106084 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023The genus comprises lipid-dependent yeasts that have long been associated with common skin diseases, and have recently been linked with Crohn's disease and certain...
The genus comprises lipid-dependent yeasts that have long been associated with common skin diseases, and have recently been linked with Crohn's disease and certain cancers. Understanding susceptibility to diverse antimicrobial agents is crucial for identifying effective antifungal therapies. Here, we tested the efficacy of isavuconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, and artemisinin against three species: , and . Using broth microdilution, we found antifungal properties for the two previously unstudied antimicrobials: isavuconazole and artemisinin. Overall, all species were particularly susceptible to itraconazole, with a MIC range from 0.007 to 0.110 μg/mL. The genus is known to be involved in a variety of skin conditions and has recently been associated with diseases such as Crohn's disease, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and breast cancer. This work was completed to assess susceptibility to a variety of antimicrobial drugs on three species, in particular , which is an abundant species both on human skin and internal organs and has been implicated in Crohn's disease. We tested two previously unstudied drugs and developed a new testing method to overcome current limitations for measuring growth inhibition of slow-growing strains.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Itraconazole; Malassezia; Crohn Disease; Dermatomycoses; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37310217
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05076-22 -
Indian Pediatrics Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Tinea
PubMed: 37950481
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Oct 2021
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Humans; Mycoses; Nails; Onychomycosis; Skin
PubMed: 34554287
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04886-2 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Oct 2017
Review
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Malassezia; Skin
PubMed: 28966366
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical Mycology Journal 2023The Malassezia species are dimorphic fungi that require lipids such as olive oil for their growth. They are constituents of the normal human skin microbiota and can...
The Malassezia species are dimorphic fungi that require lipids such as olive oil for their growth. They are constituents of the normal human skin microbiota and can affix to the host or other surfaces through the establishment of biofilms. Malassezia species are accountable for superficial mycoses like folliculitis. Additionally, they are capable of causing invasive infections, such as of the bloodstream, in neonates and immunocompromised patients, albeit infrequently. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in neonates are the most commonly reported invasive cases. Remarkably, unlike other invasive fungal infections, neutropenia and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics do not seem to contribute to the risk of invasive Malassezia infections. Nosocomial outbreaks of Malassezia infections have been reported. While most cases of invasive Malassezia infection are fungemia, they seldom give rise to disseminated lesions in various organs. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the visualization of characteristic yeasts through histologic or cytologic examination of a biopsy or needle aspiration specimen, or via positive culture results from sterile sites. The prognosis for invasive Malassezia infection is generally favorable, with few reports of treatment failure. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of cases, evidence-based treatment recommendations are wanting. Management of invasive Malassezia infections linked to central venous catheters includes removal of the catheter, cessation of intravenous lipid emulsion, and intravenous administration of appropriate antifungal agents.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Malassezia; Dermatomycoses; Antifungal Agents; Invasive Fungal Infections; Central Venous Catheters; Catheter-Related Infections
PubMed: 38030275
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.23-003 -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2022Plantar dermatoses (PD) are common, occurring either spontaneously on healthy skin or developing secondarily from previously established foot disease. PD share similar... (Review)
Review
Plantar dermatoses (PD) are common, occurring either spontaneously on healthy skin or developing secondarily from previously established foot disease. PD share similar symptoms and morphology, making them challenging to differentiate. A few of the most frequently encountered PD include tinea pedis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic dermatitis (or recurrent vesicular palmoplantar dermatitis), and juvenile plantar dermatosis. This review offers practical advice for diagnosing and treating the most common PD in the primary care office.
Topics: Humans; Tinea Pedis
PubMed: 35379733
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.02.200410 -
Clinics in Chest Medicine Sep 2017The causal agents of blastomycosis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii, belong to a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that can infect healthy and... (Review)
Review
The causal agents of blastomycosis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii, belong to a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that can infect healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Following inhalation of mycelial fragments and spores into the lungs, Blastomyces spp convert into pathogenic yeast and evade host immune defenses to cause pneumonia and disseminated disease. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary blastomycosis is diverse. The diagnosis of blastomycosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and involves culture-based and non-culture-based fungal diagnostic tests. The site and severity of infection, and the presence of underlying immunosuppression or pregnancy, influence the selection of antifungal therapy.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Blastomycosis; Humans
PubMed: 28797487
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2017.04.006