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British Journal of Biomedical Science 2023Diagnosis of superficial/cutaneous fungal infections from skin, hair and nail samples is generally achieved using microscopy and culture in a microbiology laboratory,... (Review)
Review
Diagnosis of superficial/cutaneous fungal infections from skin, hair and nail samples is generally achieved using microscopy and culture in a microbiology laboratory, however, any presentation that is unusual or subcutaneous is sampled by taking a biopsy. Using histological techniques a tissue biopsy enables a pathologist to perform a full examination of the skin structure, detect any inflammatory processes or the presence of an infectious agent or foreign body. Histopathological examination can give a presumptive diagnosis while a culture result is pending, and may provide valuable diagnostic information if culture fails. This review demonstrates how histopathology contributes to the diagnosis of fungal infections from the superficial to the life threatening.
Topics: Humans; Dermatomycoses; Biopsy
PubMed: 37351018
DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11314 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria Feb 2020Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nails, whose main etiologic agent is Trichophytum rubrum. Although, it is an unusual pathology in children, in the last... (Review)
Review
Onychomycosis (OM) is a fungal infection of the nails, whose main etiologic agent is Trichophytum rubrum. Although, it is an unusual pathology in children, in the last years an increase in its preva lence has been observed. To date, there are several studies and clinical guidelines for OM in adults. However, literature in children is scarce, which makes pediatric treatment difficult. The objective of this publication was to review the current literature in order to establish diagnostic methods for OM, national and international epidemiological data, and to provide treatment options taking into account their efficiency and safety profile in the pediatric population.
Topics: Adolescent; Antifungal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Global Health; Humans; Infant; Onychomycosis; Pediatrics
PubMed: 32730424
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.v91i1.1309 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2021is the most abundant genus in the fungal microflora found on human skin, and it is associated with various skin diseases. Among the 18 different species of that have... (Review)
Review
is the most abundant genus in the fungal microflora found on human skin, and it is associated with various skin diseases. Among the 18 different species of that have been identified to date, and are the most predominant fungal species found on human skin. Several studies have suggested a possible link between and skin disorders. However, our knowledge on the physiology and pathogenesis of in human body is still limited. is unable to synthesize fatty acids; hence, it uptakes external fatty acids as a nutrient source for survival, a characteristic compensated by the secretion of lipases and degradation of sebum to produce and uptake external fatty acids. Although it has been reported that the activity of secreted lipases may contribute to pathogenesis of , majority of the data were indirect evidences; therefore, enzymes' role in the pathogenesis of infections is still largely unknown. This review focuses on the recent advances on in the context of an emerging interest for lipases and summarizes the existing knowledge on , diseases associated with the fungus, and the role of the reported lipases in its physiology and pathogenesis.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Fungal Proteins; Humans; Lipase; Lipid Metabolism; Malassezia; Sebum; Skin; Virulence
PubMed: 33526754
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2012.12048 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of pathogenic keratinophilic fungi. Apart from invasion against skin barrier, host... (Review)
Review
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of pathogenic keratinophilic fungi. Apart from invasion against skin barrier, host immune responses to dermatophytes could also lead to pathologic inflammation and tissue damage to some extent. Therefore, it is of great help to understand the pathogenesis of dermatophytes, including fungal virulence factors and anti-pathogen immune responses. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in host-fungal interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of anti-fungal immunity and the relationship between immune deficiency and chronic dermatophytosis, in order to facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the outcomes of these patients.
Topics: Humans; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Virulence; Tinea; Immunity
PubMed: 38022599
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285887 -
Mycopathologia Oct 2016Diapers create particular conditions of moisture and friction, and with urine and feces come increased pH and irritating enzymes (lipases and proteases). Fungi can take... (Review)
Review
Diapers create particular conditions of moisture and friction, and with urine and feces come increased pH and irritating enzymes (lipases and proteases). Fungi can take advantage of all these factors. Candida yeasts, especially C. albicans, are responsible for the most frequent secondary infections and are isolated in more than 80 % of cases. Correct diagnosis is important for ensuring the correct prescription of topical antimycotics. Nystatin, imidazoles and ciclopirox are effective. It is important to realize there are resistant strains. Dermatophytes can infect the diaper area, with the most common agent being Epidermophyton floccosum. The clinical characteristics of dermatophytosis are different from those of candidiasis, and it can be diagnosed and treated simply. Malassezia yeasts can aggravate conditions affecting the diaper area, such as seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and inverse psoriasis. Additional treatment is recommended in this case, because they usually involve complement activation and increased specific IgE levels. Erythrasma is a pseudomycosis that is indistinguishable from candidiasis and may also occur in large skin folds. It is treated with topical antibacterial products and some antimycotics.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatomycoses; Fungi; Humans
PubMed: 27193417
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0020-9 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2019
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; India; Medication Adherence; Onychomycosis; Terbinafine; Tinea
PubMed: 30560813
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_927_18 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 2017
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Tinea; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 28536129
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160665 -
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Feb 2017There is little doubt that Malassezia spp plays a role in atopic dermatitis because it may interact with the local skin immune responses and barrier function, and... (Review)
Review
There is little doubt that Malassezia spp plays a role in atopic dermatitis because it may interact with the local skin immune responses and barrier function, and sensitization against this skin-colonizing yeast can correlate with disease activity. Also, antifungal therapy shows beneficial effects in some patients. However, the pathogenetic mechanism and mutual interaction between Malassezia spp and atopic dermatitis still remain partly unclear and need further investigation.
Topics: Allergens; Antigens, Fungal; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Immunization; Immunoglobulin E; Malassezia; Skin
PubMed: 27886911
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2016.08.012 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Humans
PubMed: 26131885
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20154003r -
The American Journal of Tropical... Sep 2015
Topics: Aged; Colombia; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Male; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Skin
PubMed: 26333727
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0062