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Mycopathologia Feb 2017Tinea capitis remains a common childhood infection in many parts of the world. Yet knowledge of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the development of effective... (Review)
Review
Tinea capitis remains a common childhood infection in many parts of the world. Yet knowledge of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the development of effective immunity have shown striking advances, and new methods of diagnosis ranging from dermoscopy to molecular laboratory tests have been developed even though they have not been assimilated into routine practice in many centres. Treatment is effective although it needs to be given for at least 1 month. What is missing, however, is a systematic approach to control through case ascertainment and therapy.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Global Health; Humans; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 27599708
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0058-8 -
Indian Pediatrics May 2019
Topics: Child; Eyelid Diseases; Humans; Male; Tinea
PubMed: 31102391
DOI: No ID Found -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal 2018
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Dermatomycoses; Ear Diseases; Fatal Outcome; Histoplasmosis; Humans; Male; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Tongue Diseases
PubMed: 30481842
DOI: 10.1177/0145561318097010-1108 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Aug 2014Several human skin diseases and disorders are associated with two groups of fungi, the dermatophytes and Malassezia. Although these skin-related problems are not... (Review)
Review
Several human skin diseases and disorders are associated with two groups of fungi, the dermatophytes and Malassezia. Although these skin-related problems are not generally life threatening, they are among the most common diseases and disorders of mankind. These fungi are phylogenetically divergent, with the dermatophytes within the Ascomycota and Malassezia within Basidiomycota. Genome analysis indicates that the adaptations to the skin environment are different in these two groups of fungi. Malassezia are dependent on host lipids and secrete lipases and phospholipases that likely release host fatty acids. The dermatophytes encode multiple enzymes with potential roles in modulating host interactions: polyketide synthases, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, LysM, proteases, kinases, and pseudokinases. These two fungal groups have maximized their interactions with the host using two very different mechanisms.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Dandruff; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatomycoses; Genome, Fungal; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Malassezia; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Skin; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 25085959
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019802 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2019We report here the results of the 2016 epidemiological survey of dermatomycosis in Japan. In total, 6,776 cases were analyzed as follows: dermatophytosis, 5,772 cases... (Review)
Review
We report here the results of the 2016 epidemiological survey of dermatomycosis in Japan. In total, 6,776 cases were analyzed as follows: dermatophytosis, 5,772 cases (85.2%); candidiasis, 757 cases (11.2%); Malassezia infection, 235 cases (3.5%); and other fungal infections, 11 cases (0.2%). In dermatophytosis, tinea pedis was the most frequent (3,314 cases: male, 1,705; female, 1,609), followed by tinea unguium (1,634 cases: male, 766; female, 868), tinea corporis (423 cases: male, 241; female, 182); tinea cruris (316 cases: male, 242; female, 74); tinea manuum (58 cases: male, 29; female, 29); tinea capitus, Celsus' kerion (26 cases: male, 19; female, 7); and tinea barbae (1 case: male, 1). The most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum. In candidiasis, candidal intertrigo was the most frequent (181 cases: male, 98; female, 83), followed by oral candidiasis (165 cases: male, 84; female, 81), genital candidiasis (119 cases: male, 45; female, 74), diaper candidiasis (113 cases: male, 49; female, 64), erosio interdigitalis (63 cases: male, 13; female, 50), onychomycosis (41 cases: male, 17; female, 24), onychia et paronychia (28 cases: male, 2; female, 26), and angular cheilitis (23 cases: male, 6; female, 17). Although the number of cases varied depending on the role of each cooperating medical institution in the area and on population composition, no significant differences in the frequencies of clinical types were observed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Malassezia; Male; Middle Aged; Onychomycosis; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Tinea; Tinea Capitis; Tinea Pedis; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 31474694
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19.007 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015Coccidioidomycosis is a highly prevalent disease in the Western hemisphere. It is considered one of the most virulent primary fungal infections. Coccidioides species... (Review)
Review
Coccidioidomycosis is a highly prevalent disease in the Western hemisphere. It is considered one of the most virulent primary fungal infections. Coccidioides species live in arid and semi-arid regions, causing mainly pulmonary infection through inhalation of arthroconidia although many other organs can be affected. Primary inoculation is rare. Since the first case of coccidioidomycosis was reported in 1892, the skin has been identified as an important target of this disease. Knowledge of cutaneous clinical forms of this infection is important and very useful for establishing prompt diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of this infection, emphasizing its cutaneous manifestations, diagnostic methods and current treatment.
Topics: Coccidioidomycosis; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Risk Factors; Skin
PubMed: 26560205
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153805 -
La Tunisie MedicaleDermatomycosis are fungal infections of the skin and/or phanera, which are often benign but can have an impact on the vital and functional prognosis in diabetic patients.
BACKGROUND
Dermatomycosis are fungal infections of the skin and/or phanera, which are often benign but can have an impact on the vital and functional prognosis in diabetic patients.
AIM
The aim of our work was to study the epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile of dermatomycosis in diabetic patients.
METHODS
This was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory of Charles-Nicolle Hospital over a three-year period (2016-2018). We collected diabetic patients who were referred for suspected dermatomycosis.
RESULTS
Dermatomycosis was confirmed in 799 of the 1007 diabetic patients referred to our laboratory (79.34%) and in 1055 lesions among the 1344 sites sampled (78.50%). Among patients with dermatomycosis, a female predominance was observed with a sex- ratio=0.83. The mean age of the patients was 57.11 [2-82]. The patients with type 2 diabetes were the most affected (86.35%) (p=0.038). The mean duration of lesion progression was 5.0±5.5 years. The most common dermatomycoses were toenail onychomycoses (59.62%), followed by fingernail onychomycoses (15.26%), plantar keratoderma (10.24%), and intertrigo in small skin folds (5.59%). Dermatophytes were the most frequently isolated fungi (80.1%; p<0.001), with predominance of Trichophyton rubrum (78.8%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated yeast (11.8%).
CONCLUSIONS
Dermatomycosis are common in diabetic patients. Although they are often benign, these fungal infections can engage the functional prognosis or even become life-threatening in case of diabetes. Mycological diagnosis is necessary in case of clinical suspicion in order to confirm the diagnosis, guide the treatment and avoid complications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Onychomycosis; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35261020
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2018Traditional, culture based methods for the diagnosis of fungal infections are still considered as gold standard, but they are time consuming and low sensitive.... (Review)
Review
Traditional, culture based methods for the diagnosis of fungal infections are still considered as gold standard, but they are time consuming and low sensitive. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations, many researchers have focused on the development of new immunological and molecular based rapid assays that could enable early diagnosis of infection and accurate identification of fungal pathogens causing superficial and invasive infection. In this brief review, we highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of conventional diagnostic methods and possibility of non-culture based assays in diagnosis of superficial fungal infections and presented the overview on currently available immunochromatographic assays as well as availability of biomarkers detection by immunodiagnostic procedures in prompt and accurate diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. In addition, we presented diagnostic efficiency of currently available molecular panels and researches in this area.
Topics: Biological Assay; Dermatomycoses; Fungi; Humans; Immunoassay; Immunologic Tests; Invasive Fungal Infections; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycoses; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 29605542
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.001 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2018Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous, suppurative mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi of the... (Review)
Review
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous, suppurative mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi of the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The species Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii are prevalent in regions where the disease is endemic. Chromoblastomycosis lesions are polymorphous: verrucous, nodular, tumoral, plaque-like, and atrophic. It is an occupational disease that predominates in tropical and subtropical regions, but there have been several reports of cases in temperate regions. The disease mainly affects current or former farm workers, mostly males, and often leaving disabling sequelae. This mycosis is still a therapeutic challenge due to frequent recurrence of lesions. Patients with extensive lesions require a combination of pharmacological and physical therapies. The article provides an update of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features.
Topics: Chromoblastomycosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 30066754
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187321 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2018Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by... (Review)
Review
Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with similar clinical features. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the etiological agents in the tissue, by mycological/bacteriological, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. It is important to specify the fungal or bacterial etiology, because the treatments are different. An approach that involves early diagnosis, the use of systemic antibiotics or antifungal agents, including surgical removal of lesions, is the basis for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, the most commonly used diagnostic methods and treatments will be discussed. Also, we will review the history of the disease through epidemiological and etiological aspects.
Topics: Early Diagnosis; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Mycetoma
PubMed: 29641691
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187075