-
The Journal of Pathology Mar 2021The dermis has disparate embryonic origins; abdominal dermis develops from lateral plate mesoderm, dorsal dermis from paraxial mesoderm and facial dermis from neural...
The dermis has disparate embryonic origins; abdominal dermis develops from lateral plate mesoderm, dorsal dermis from paraxial mesoderm and facial dermis from neural crest. However, the cell and molecular differences and their functional implications have not been described. We hypothesise that the embryonic origin of the dermis underpins regional characteristics of skin, including its response to wounding. We have compared abdomen, back and cheek, three anatomical sites representing the distinct embryonic tissues from which the dermis can arise, during homeostasis and wound repair using RNA sequencing, histology and fibroblast cultures. Our transcriptional analyses demonstrate differences between body sites that reflect their diverse origins. Moreover, we report histological and transcriptional variations during a wound response, including site differences in ECM composition, cell migration and proliferation, and re-enactment of distinct developmental programmes. These findings reveal profound regional variation in the mechanisms of tissue repair. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Topics: Animals; Dermis; Homeostasis; Mice; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33197044
DOI: 10.1002/path.5589 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018
Review
Topics: Dermis; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermis; Foreign-Body Reaction; Humans; Skin Diseases; Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration
PubMed: 30073986
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_396_17 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Irregular inflammatory responses are a major contributor to tissue dysfunction and inefficient repair. Skin has proven to be a powerful model to study mechanisms that... (Review)
Review
Irregular inflammatory responses are a major contributor to tissue dysfunction and inefficient repair. Skin has proven to be a powerful model to study mechanisms that regulate inflammation. In particular, skin wound healing is dependent on a rapid, robust immune response and subsequent dampening of inflammatory signaling. While injury-induced inflammation has historically been attributed to keratinocytes and immune cells, a vast body of evidence supports the ability of non-immune cells to coordinate inflammation in numerous tissues and diseases. In this review, we concentrate on the active participation of tissue-resident adipocytes and fibroblasts in pro-inflammatory signaling after injury, and how altered cellular communication from these cells can contribute to irregular inflammation associated with aberrant wound healing. Furthering our understanding of how tissue-resident mesenchymal cells contribute to inflammation will likely reveal new targets that can be manipulated to regulate inflammation and repair.
Topics: Adipocytes, White; Aging; Animals; Cell Communication; Cell Polarity; Cytokines; Dermis; Diabetes Mellitus; Fibroblasts; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Signal Transduction; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33669239
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041933 -
Marine Drugs Feb 2023The catch connective, or mutable collagenous, tissue of echinoderms changes its mechanical properties in response to stimulation. The body wall dermis of sea cucumbers... (Review)
Review
The catch connective, or mutable collagenous, tissue of echinoderms changes its mechanical properties in response to stimulation. The body wall dermis of sea cucumbers is a typical catch connective tissue. The dermis assumes three mechanical states: soft, standard, and stiff. Proteins that change the mechanical properties have been purified from the dermis. Tensilin and the novel stiffening factor are involved in the soft to standard and standard to stiff transitions, respectively. Softenin softens the dermis in the standard state. Tensilin and softenin work directly on the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding such stiffeners and softeners. Attention is also given to the genes of tensilin and its related proteins in echinoderms. In addition, we provide information on the morphological changes of the ECM associated with the stiffness change of the dermis. Ultrastructural study suggests that tensilin induces an increase in the cohesive forces with the lateral fusion of collagen subfibrils in the soft to standard transition, that crossbridge formation between fibrils occurs in both the soft to standard and standard to stiff transitions, and that the bond which accompanies water exudation produces the stiff dermis from the standard state.
Topics: Animals; Dermis; Echinodermata; Connective Tissue; Collagen; Extracellular Matrix
PubMed: 36976189
DOI: 10.3390/md21030140 -
Microenvironmental reprogramming of human dermal papilla cells for hair follicle tissue engineering.Acta Biomaterialia Jul 2023The restoration of hair-inductive potential in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) is a tremendous challenge for hair regeneration. Much of the research thus far has...
The restoration of hair-inductive potential in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) is a tremendous challenge for hair regeneration. Much of the research thus far has indicated that three-dimensional (3-D) culture shows improved efficacy in hair follicle (HF) neogenesis. However, mature HF cannot regenerate in an incomplete microenvironment. This study developed an optimized 3-D co-culture system to restore the hair-inductive characteristics of hDPCs by mimicking the in-vivo microenvironment. As a result, Matrigel-encapsulated hDPCs spontaneously formed into hDPC aggregates (hDPAs), which exhibited better activity, higher proliferation rates, and less apoptosis and hypoxia than the ultra-low attachment culture. Interestingly, the co-culture with the hair matrix cells and dermal sheath cup cells further enhanced the expression of hair regeneration-related genes of hDPAs compared to conditioned medium and improved mature HF induction. In addition, these hDPAs with higher hair inductivity could be produced on a large scale and easily separated for gene expression detection. Finally, the mRNA sequencing, PCR, and WB results showed that the co-culture biomimetic microenvironment stimulated the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and inhibited the BMP signaling pathway. Thus, this co-culture system will provide a reliable platform that allows high-throughput culture, testing, and harvesting of hDPAs for HF tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extensive hair loss continues to be difficult to treat and causes significant patient morbidity. Hair follicle (HF) tissue engineering may seem to be a way out. However, the absence of the in-vivo microenvironment fails to regenerate mature hairs. This study systematically described a biomimetic co-culture approach to generate better quality human dermal papilla cell aggregates (hDPAs) with improved hair inductive properties, which can be further used for HF tissue engineering. The hDPC microenvironment was reprogrammed through the controllable formation of self-assembled organoids in Matrigel and the tri-culture with hair matrix cells and dermal sheath cup cells. This work indicates that the production of hDPAs could be readily scaled, in theory for large-scale assays, analyses, or therapeutic applications.
Topics: Humans; Hair Follicle; Dermis; Tissue Engineering; Hair; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 36347448
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.004 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology May 2019Dermal white adipose tissue is a unique layer of adipocytes within the reticular dermis of the skin. Recently, several nonmetabolic activities have been discovered for... (Review)
Review
Dermal white adipose tissue is a unique layer of adipocytes within the reticular dermis of the skin. Recently, several nonmetabolic activities have been discovered for dWAT and its fibroblast precursors. These functions include antimicrobial defense and roles in hair cycling, wound healing, and thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the role of dermal white adipose tissue in immunity, both as an innate antimicrobial cell type and as an indirect communicator with other cutaneous immunocytes to enhance defense and potentially contribute to inflammatory disease.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Dermis; Female; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Male; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 30879642
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.031 -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... Mar 2015
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Dermis; Herpes Zoster; Herpesvirus 3, Human; Humans; Male
PubMed: 25722364
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2015.034 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2017Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal...
Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal application and investigate the effect of formulation on the permeation of melittin through dermatomed rat skin. A formulated emulsion containing 1% (/) BV was prepared. The emulsion was compared with distilled water (DW) and 25% (/) -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in DW. Permeation of melittin from aqueous solution through the dermatomed murine skin was evaluated using the Franz diffusion cells. Samples of receptor cells withdrawn at pre-determined time intervals were measured for melittin amount. After the permeation study, the same skin was used for melittin extraction. In addition, a known amount of melittin (5 μg/mL) was added to stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of the rat skin, and the amount of melittin was measured at pre-determined time points. The measurement of melittin from all samples was done with HPLC-MS/MS. No melittin was detected in the receptor phase at all time points in emulsion, DW, or NMP groups. When the amount of melittin was further analyzed in stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis from the permeation study, melittin was still not detected. In an additional experiment, the amount of melittin added to all skin matrices was corrected against the amount of melittin recovered. While the total amount of melittin was retained in the stratum corneum, less than 10% of melittin remained in epidermis and dermis within 15 and 30 min, respectively. Skin microporation with BV emulsion facilitates the penetration of melittin across the stratum corneum into epidermis and dermis, where emulsified melittin could have been metabolized by locally-occurring enzymes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Dermis; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Emulsions; Epidermis; Excipients; Male; Melitten; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 28534835
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050836 -
Journal of Lipid Research Nov 2015Recent literature suggests that the layer of adipocytes embedded in the skin below the dermis is far from being an inert spacer material. Instead, this layer of dermal... (Review)
Review
Recent literature suggests that the layer of adipocytes embedded in the skin below the dermis is far from being an inert spacer material. Instead, this layer of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a regulated lipid layer that comprises a crucial environmental defense. Among all the classes of biological molecules, lipids have the lowest thermal conductance and highest insulation potential. This property can be exploited by mammals to reduce heat loss, suppress brown adipose tissue activation, reduce the activation of thermogenic programs, and increase metabolic efficiency. Furthermore, this layer responds to bacterial challenge to provide a physical barrier and antimicrobial disinfection, and its expansion supports the growth of hair follicles and regenerating skin. In sum, this dWAT layer is a key defensive player with remarkable potential for modifying systemic metabolism, immune function, and physiology. In this review, we discuss the key literature illustrating the properties of this recently recognized adipose depot.
Topics: Adipocytes, White; Adiposity; Animals; Dermis; Hair Follicle; Humans; Subcutaneous Fat; Thermogenesis
PubMed: 26405076
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R062893 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2014Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by usually asymptomatic keratotic papules...
Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by usually asymptomatic keratotic papules along the borders of the hands and/or feet. The main differential diagnosis is acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa, which differs from the former only by not presenting elastorrhexis in histopathological examination, thus requiring this exam for a correct diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Dermis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar
PubMed: 25184932
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143152