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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2016Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It occcurs primarily during pregnancy, usually with spontaneous resolution postpartum. It is...
Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It occcurs primarily during pregnancy, usually with spontaneous resolution postpartum. It is characterized by a benign dermatosis, with papular and pustular follicular lesions that first appear on the torso and occasionally spread throughout the body. We report the case of a patient in the 27th week of pregnancy, with a two-month evolution of pruritic and papular erythematous lesions on her lower back. Differential diagnosis includes other pregnancy-specific dermatoses: gestational pemphigoid, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), prurigo of pregnancy, and (PUPPP) and prurigo of pregancy. Histopathological tests showed changes consistent with pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy. This case is relevant due to its rare nature and its clinical and histopathological characteristics.
Topics: Adult; Dermis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Folliculitis; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prurigo; Pruritus
PubMed: 28300898
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164735 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Apr 2021As a barrier organ, the skin is an ideal model to study environmentally-induced (extrinsic) aging. In this review, we explain the development of extrinsic skin aging as... (Review)
Review
As a barrier organ, the skin is an ideal model to study environmentally-induced (extrinsic) aging. In this review, we explain the development of extrinsic skin aging as a consequence of skin exposure to specific exposomal factors, their interaction with each other, and the modification of their effects on the skin by genetic factors. We also review the evidence that exposure to these exposomal factors causes extrinsic skin aging by mechanisms that critically involve the accumulation of macromolecular damage and the subsequent development of functionally altered and/or senescent fibroblasts in the dermal compartment of the skin.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Cellular Senescence; DNA Damage; Dermis; Environmental Exposure; Fibroblasts; Humans; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 33541724
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.011 -
Physiological Research Dec 2022Despite significant advances in medical research, plastic surgeons still face a shortage of suitable patient tissues, and soft tissue reconstruction is no exception. In...
Despite significant advances in medical research, plastic surgeons still face a shortage of suitable patient tissues, and soft tissue reconstruction is no exception. In recent years, there has been a rapid boom in the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. ADM is incorporated into the surrounding tissue and gradually replaced by the host's collagen, thus promoting and supporting the healing process and reducing the formation of scar tissue. The main goal of this article is to provide a brief review of the current literature assessing the clinical applications of ADM across a broad spectrum of applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Topics: Humans; Acellular Dermis; Surgery, Plastic; Wound Healing
PubMed: 36592440
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935045 -
PloS One 2020Cryopreservation is a method used for preserving living cells by cooling them to very low temperatures. Although cryopreservation methods for oocytes and embryos have...
Cryopreservation is a method used for preserving living cells by cooling them to very low temperatures. Although cryopreservation methods for oocytes and embryos have been developed for use in reproductive medicine, there are no established methods yet for preserving cell aggregates (spheroids) in regenerative medicine. We have developed a bio-three-dimensional (3D) printer that can fabricate scaffold-free 3D constructs by loading spheroids onto a needle array. We fabricated several constructs such as blood vessels, liver, diaphragm, and a conduit for nerves by using this method. These constructs have the potential to be applied in patients. However, the process of fabricating tissue constructs (harvesting cells, expanding cells, making spheroids using cultured cells, printing constructs, and maturing constructs) is time-consuming. Therefore, cryopreservation methods for spheroids or constructs should be developed to increase the efficiency of this method for clinical use. Here, we developed a method for cryopreserving spheroids, which were then used to fabricate constructs. Fibroblast cell-based spheroids were cryopreserved in phosphate-buffered saline or cryopreservation solution at -80°C for 1 week. After thawing, spheroids in cryopreservation solution began to fuse on day 1. Cryopreserved spheroids were printed onto a needle array to fabricate a scaffold-free tubular construct using a bio-3D printer. After 7 days, the printed spheroids fused and formed scaffold-free constructs. We confirmed the viability of cells in the cryopreserved spheroids and fabricated tubular constructs. Our results indicate that spheroids can be cryopreserved and used to prepare scaffold-free constructs for clinical use.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Cryopreservation; Dermis; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Humans; Spheroids, Cellular; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 32240195
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230428 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2015
Review
Topics: Aged; Bronchiectasis; Collagen Diseases; Dermis; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Elastin; Female; Humans; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
PubMed: 25435063
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.10.002 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible...
Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible signs of aging and photoaging. To investigate the mechanism of action of carnosine on human skin proteome, a 3D scaffold-free spheroid model of primary dermal fibroblasts from a 50-year-old donor was adopted in combination with quantitative proteomics for the first time. The label free proteomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, integrated with network analyses, provided a highly sensitive and selective method to describe the human dermis spheroid model during long-term culture and upon carnosine treatment. Overall, 2171 quantified proteins allowed the in-depth characterization of the 3D dermis phenotype during growth and differentiation, at 14 versus 7 days of culture. A total of 485 proteins were differentially regulated by carnosine at 7 days, an intermediate time of culture. Of the several modulated pathways, most are involved in mitochondrial functionality, such as oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, extracellular matrix reorganization and apoptosis. In long-term culture, functional modules related to oxidative stress were upregulated, inducing the aging process of dermis spheroids, while carnosine treatment prevented this by the downregulation of the same functional modules. The application of quantitative proteomics, coupled to advanced and relevant in vitro scaffold free spheroids, represents a new concrete application for personalized therapies and a novel care approach.
Topics: Carnosine; Dermis; Humans; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Proteomics; Spheroids, Cellular
PubMed: 35163388
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031468 -
Journal of Virology Feb 2022Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) invades its human host via the skin and mucosa and initiates infection in the epithelium. While human and murine epidermis are highly... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) invades its human host via the skin and mucosa and initiates infection in the epithelium. While human and murine epidermis are highly susceptible to HSV-1, we recently observed rare infected cells in the human dermis and only minor infection efficiency in murine dermis upon infection. Here, we investigated why cells in the dermis are so inefficiently infected and explored potential differences between murine and human dermal fibroblasts. In principle, primary fibroblasts are highly susceptible to HSV-1; however, we found a delayed infection onset in human compared to murine cells. Intriguingly, only a minor delayed onset of infection was evident in collagen-embedded compared to unembedded human fibroblasts, although expression of the receptor nectin-1 dropped after collagen embedding. This finding is in contrast to previous observations with murine fibroblasts where collagen embedding delayed infection. The application of latex beads revealed limited penetration in the dermis, which was more pronounced in the human than in the murine dermis, supporting the species-specific differences already observed for HSV-1 invasion. Our results suggest that the distinct organization of human and murine dermis contributes to the presence and accessibility of the HSV-1 receptors as well as to the variable barrier function of the extracellular matrix. These contributions, in turn, give rise to inefficient viral access to cells in the dermis while dermal fibroblasts in culture are well infected. Dermal fibroblasts are exposed to HSV-1 upon invasion in skin during infection. Thus, fibroblasts represent a widely used experimental tool to understand virus-host cell interactions and are highly susceptible in culture. The spectrum of fibroblasts' characteristics in their environment, however, clearly differs from the observations under cell culture conditions, implying putative variations in virus-cell interactions. This becomes evident when infection studies in murine as well as human dermis revealed the rather inefficient penetration of HSV-1 in the tissue and uptake in the dermal fibroblasts. Here, we initiated studies to explore the contributions of receptor presence and accessibility to efficient infection of dermal fibroblasts. Our results strengthen the heterogeneity of murine and human dermis and imply that the interplay between dermal barrier function and receptor presence determine how well HSV-1 penetrates the dermis.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Dermis; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Mice; Nectins; Species Specificity; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 34908440
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02068-21 -
Developmental Biology Nov 2019Salamanders are capable of full-thickness skin regeneration where removal of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis results in scar-free repair. What remains unclear is...
Salamanders are capable of full-thickness skin regeneration where removal of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis results in scar-free repair. What remains unclear is whether regeneration of these tissues recapitulates the cellular events of skin development or occurs through a process unique to regenerative healing. Unfortunately, information on the post-embryonic development of salamander skin is severely lacking, having focused on compartments or cell types, but never on the skin as a complete organ. By examining coordinated development of the epidermis and dermis in axolotls we establish six distinct stages of skin development (I-VI): I-V for normally paedomorphic adults and a sixth stage following metamorphosis. Raising animals either in isolation (zero density pressure) or in groups (density pressure) we find that skin development progresses as a function of animal size and that density directly effects developmental rate. Using keratins, p63, and proliferative markers, we show that when the dermis transforms into the stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum, keratinocytes differentiate into at least three distinct phenotypes that reveal a cryptic stratification program uncoupled from metamorphosis. Lastly, comparing skin regeneration to skin development, we find that dermal regeneration occurs through a unique process, relying heavily on remodeling of the wound extracellular matrix, rather than proceeding through direct development of a dermal lamella produced by the epidermis. By preventing fibroblast influx into the wound bed using beryllium nitrate, we show that in the absence of fibroblast generated ECM production skin regeneration occurs through an alternate route that recapitulates development.
Topics: Ambystoma mexicanum; Animals; Dermis; Embryonic Development; Epidermis; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Keratinocytes; Keratins; Male; Regeneration; Signal Transduction; Skin; Time Factors; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31279726
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.001 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Apr 2016Gene electrotransfer (GET) is a proven and valuable tool for in vivo gene delivery to a variety of tissues such as skin, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and tumors,...
Gene electrotransfer (GET) is a proven and valuable tool for in vivo gene delivery to a variety of tissues such as skin, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and tumors, with controllable gene delivery and expression levels. Optimizing gene expression is a challenging hurdle in preclinical studies, particularly for skin indications, due to differences in electrical conductivity of animal compared to human dermis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop an ex vivo model for GET using recellularized human dermis to more closely mimic human skin. Decellularized human dermis (DermACELL(®)) was cultured with human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes for 4 weeks. After one week of fibroblast culture, fibroblasts infiltrated and dispersed throughout the dermis. Air-liquid interface culture led to epithelial cell proliferation, stratification and terminal differentiation with distinct basal, spinous, granular and cornified strata. Firefly luciferase expression kinetics were evaluated after GET of recellularized constructs for testing gene delivery parameters to skin in vitro. Elevated luciferase expression persisted up to a week following GET compared to controls without electrotransfer. In summary, recellularized dermis structurally and functionally resembled native human skin in tissue histological organization and homeostasis, proving an effective 3D human skin model for preclinical gene delivery studies.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dermis; Epidermal Cells; Fibroblasts; Gene Transfer Techniques; Humans; Keratinocytes; Male; Skin, Artificial; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 27121769
DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/3/035002 -
American Journal of Human Genetics Mar 2019SPONASTRIME dysplasia is a rare, recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, and aberrant radiographic findings of the spine and...
SPONASTRIME dysplasia is a rare, recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, and aberrant radiographic findings of the spine and long bone metaphysis. No causative genetic alterations for SPONASTRIME dysplasia have yet been determined. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified bi-allelic TONSL mutations in 10 of 13 individuals with SPONASTRIME dysplasia. TONSL is a multi-domain scaffold protein that interacts with DNA replication and repair factors and which plays critical roles in resistance to replication stress and the maintenance of genome integrity. We show here that cellular defects in dermal fibroblasts from affected individuals are complemented by the expression of wild-type TONSL. In addition, in vitro cell-based assays and in silico analyses of TONSL structure support the pathogenicity of those TONSL variants. Intriguingly, a knock-in (KI) Tonsl mouse model leads to embryonic lethality, implying the physiological importance of TONSL. Overall, these findings indicate that genetic variants resulting in reduced function of TONSL cause SPONASTRIME dysplasia and highlight the importance of TONSL in embryonic development and postnatal growth.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Damage; Dermis; Female; Fibroblasts; Genes, Lethal; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mutation; NF-kappa B; Osteochondrodysplasias; Exome Sequencing; Young Adult
PubMed: 30773278
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.009