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Antifibrotic effect of brown algae-derived fucoidans on osteoarthritic fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Carbohydrate Polymers Apr 2022Synovial fibrosis is a pathological process which contributes to joint pain and stiffness in several musculoskeletal disorders. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides found...
Synovial fibrosis is a pathological process which contributes to joint pain and stiffness in several musculoskeletal disorders. Fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides found in brown algae, have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Despite the increasing amount of evidence suggesting the protective role of fucoidans in different experimental approaches of human fibrotic disorders, the effect of these sulfated polysaccharides on synovial fibrosis has not been investigated yet. By an in vitro experimental approach in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, we detected that fucoidans inhibit their differentiation into myofibroblasts with tumor cell-like characteristics and restore apoptosis. Composition and structure of fucoidan appear to be critical for the detected activity. Furthermore, protective effects of these sulfated polysaccharides are mediated by upregulation of nitric oxide production and modulation of TGF-β/smad pathway. Altogether, our results support the use of fucoidans as therapeutic compounds in the treatment of the fibrotic processes involved in rheumatic pathologies.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Female; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Humans; Male; Osteoarthritis; Phaeophyceae; Polysaccharides; Synoviocytes; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 35123730
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119134 -
Journal of Labelled Compounds &... Apr 2022Base catalysed exchange with sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide or N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidine in deuterium oxide is a viable procedure for the preparation of terminally...
Base catalysed exchange with sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide or N,N,N,N-tetramethylguanidine in deuterium oxide is a viable procedure for the preparation of terminally deuterated alkynes for those alkynes stable to strong base. The use of silver perchlorate as a catalyst is an alternative practical option when labelling alkynes which are sensitive to base or contain functionalities which would lead to labelling elsewhere in the molecule. Labelling with this catalyst takes place smoothly at ambient temperature in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and deuterium oxide.
Topics: Alkynes; Catalysis; Deuterium
PubMed: 35067956
DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3963 -
Nature Communications Jan 2024Aluminum alloys play an important role in circular metallurgy due to their good recyclability and 95% energy gain when made from scrap. Their low density and high...
Aluminum alloys play an important role in circular metallurgy due to their good recyclability and 95% energy gain when made from scrap. Their low density and high strength translate linearly to lower greenhouse gas emissions in transportation, and their excellent corrosion resistance enhances product longevity. The durability of Al alloys stems from the dense barrier oxide film strongly bonded to the surface, preventing further degradation. However, despite decades of research, the individual elemental reactions and their influence on the nanoscale characteristics of the oxide film during corrosion in multicomponent Al alloys remain unresolved questions. Here, we build up a direct correlation between the near-atomistic picture of the corrosion oxide film and the solute reactivity in the aqueous corrosion of a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. We reveal the formation of nanocrystalline Al oxide and highlight the solute partitioning between the oxide and the matrix and segregation to the internal interface. The sharp decrease in partitioning content of Mg in the peak-aged alloy emphasizes the impact of heat treatment on the oxide stability and corrosion kinetics. Through H isotopic labelling with deuterium, we provide direct evidence that the oxide acts as a trap for this element, pointing at the essential role of the Al oxide might act as a kinetic barrier in preventing H embrittlement. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of further improving the stability of Al oxide, guiding the design of corrosion-resistant alloys for potential applications.
PubMed: 38228660
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44802-5 -
Nature Communications Aug 2018Direct visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we...
Direct visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (DO) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. Enzymatic incorporation of DO-derived deuterium into macromolecules generates carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds, which track biosynthesis in tissues and can be imaged by SRS in situ. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. DO-SRS microscopy enables us to probe de novo lipogenesis in animals, image protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and simultaneously visualize lipid and protein metabolism and reveal their different dynamics. DO-SRS microscopy, being noninvasive, universally applicable, and cost-effective, can be adapted to a broad range of biological systems to study development, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity.
Topics: Animals; COS Cells; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carbon; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorocebus aethiops; Contrast Media; Deuterium; Deuterium Oxide; HeLa Cells; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Macromolecular Substances; Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasm Transplantation; Optical Imaging; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Zebrafish
PubMed: 30082908
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05401-3 -
Journal of Population Ageing 2022There are natural and cultural variables that have an impact on the longevity of older adults. In the case of the former, it is necessary to know and territorialize...
There are natural and cultural variables that have an impact on the longevity of older adults. In the case of the former, it is necessary to know and territorialize them, and in the case of the latter, it is necessary to understand them through the analysis of customs and lifestyles. The zones of natural longevity, for this analysis, are those in which low levels of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation converge, as well as the presence of water containing deuterium oxide among its components. To address the cultural longevity zones, an ethnography was carried out in which it was observed that both the consumption of heavy water and the lifestyles generated by the production of coffee and sugar cane prolong life and good old age in the town of El Espinal, municipality of Naolinco, Veracruz.
PubMed: 35965639
DOI: 10.1007/s12062-022-09370-w -
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Apr 2024Bed-rest (BR) of only a few days duration reduces muscle protein synthesis and induces skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance, but the scale and juxtaposition of...
BACKGROUND
Bed-rest (BR) of only a few days duration reduces muscle protein synthesis and induces skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance, but the scale and juxtaposition of these events have not been investigated concurrently in the same individuals. Moreover, the impact of short-term exercise-supplemented remobilization (ESR) on muscle volume, protein turnover and leg glucose uptake (LGU) in humans is unknown.
METHODS
Ten healthy males (24 ± 1 years, body mass index 22.7 ± 0.6 kg/m) underwent 3 days of BR, followed immediately by 3 days of ESR consisting of 5 × 30 maximal voluntary single-leg isokinetic knee extensions at 90°/s each day. An isoenergetic diet was maintained throughout the study (30% fat, 15% protein and 55% carbohydrate). Resting LGU was calculated from arterialized-venous versus venous difference across the leg and leg blood flow during the steady-state of a 3-h hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (60 mU/m/min) measured before BR, after BR and after remobilization. Glycogen content was measured in vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples obtained before and after each clamp. Leg muscle volume (LMV) was measured using magnetic resonance imaging before BR, after BR and after remobilization. Cumulative myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and whole-body muscle protein breakdown (MPB) were measured over the course of BR and remobilization using deuterium oxide and 3-methylhistidine stable isotope tracers that were administered orally.
RESULTS
Compared with before BR, there was a 45% decline in insulin-stimulated LGU (P < 0.05) after BR, which was paralleled by a reduction in insulin-stimulated leg blood flow (P < 0.01) and removal of insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen storage. These events were accompanied by a 43% reduction in myofibrillar protein FSR (P < 0.05) and a 2.5% decrease in LMV (P < 0.01) during BR, along with a 30% decline in whole-body MPB after 2 days of BR (P < 0.05). Myofibrillar protein FSR and LMV were restored by 3 days of ESR (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) but not by ambulation alone. However, insulin-stimulated LGU and muscle glycogen storage were not restored by ESR.
CONCLUSIONS
Three days of BR caused concurrent reductions in LMV, myofibrillar protein FSR, myofibrillar protein breakdown and insulin-stimulated LGU, leg blood flow and muscle glycogen storage in healthy, young volunteers. Resistance ESR restored LMV and myofibrillar protein FSR, but LGU and muscle glycogen storage remained depressed, highlighting divergences in muscle fuel and protein metabolism. Furthermore, ambulation alone did not restore LMV and myofibrillar protein FSR in the non-exercised contralateral limb, emphasizing the importance of exercise rehabilitation following even short-term BR.
Topics: Male; Humans; Glucose; Muscle, Skeletal; Insulin; Glycogen; Muscle Proteins
PubMed: 38343303
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13431 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023To date, body composition assessments in Hispanics, computed via bioimpedance devices, have primarily focused on body fat percent, fat mass, and fat-free mass instead of...
BACKGROUND
To date, body composition assessments in Hispanics, computed via bioimpedance devices, have primarily focused on body fat percent, fat mass, and fat-free mass instead of total body water (TBW). Additionally, virtually no information is available on which type of bioimpedance device is preferred for TBW assessments in Hispanic populations.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to validate two bioimpedance devices for the estimate of TBW in Hispanics adults when using a criterion deuterium oxide (DO) technique.
METHODS
One-hundred thirty individuals (males: = 70; females: = 60) of Hispanic descent had TBW estimated via DO, single-frequency bioimpedance analysis ([SF-BIA] Quantum V, RJL Systems) and bioimpedance spectroscopy ([BIS] SFB7 Impedimed).
RESULTS
The mean values for SF-BIA were significantly lower than DO when evaluating the entire sample (37.4 L and 38.2 L, respectively; < 0.05). In contrast, TBW values were not statistically significant when comparing DO against BIS (38.4 L, > 0.05). Bland-Altman analysis indicated no proportional bias when evaluating the entire sample for SF-BIA or BIS. The standard error of estimate and total error values were ≤ 2.3 L and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient were ≥ 0.96 for all comparisons.
CONCLUSION
The SF-BIA and BIS devices evaluated in the current study hold promise for accurate estimation of TBW in Hispanic adults. While both methods demonstrated relatively low errors relative to the DO criterion, BIS exhibited a more consistent performance, particularly at the group level. These findings provide essential information for researchers and clinical nutrition practitioners assessing TBW in Hispanic adults.
PubMed: 37693242
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221774 -
BMJ Open Apr 2022The accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) depends on population-specific prediction equations and there is no population-specific equation for predicting...
OBJECTIVES
The accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) depends on population-specific prediction equations and there is no population-specific equation for predicting fat-free mass (FFM) in Malawian adolescents. This study aimed at determining the agreement between FFM measured by deuterium oxide dilution technique (the reference) and FFM by BIA; and propose BIA-based prediction equations to estimate FFM for Malawian adolescents.
DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional study.
SETTING
The study was conducted in Blantyre, Malawi PARTICIPANTS: 186 Malawian adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years were included in this study. Body composition was estimated by both the BodyStat BIA analyser and the deuterium oxide dilution method.
RESULTS
BIA inbuilt equation underestimated FFM compared with deuterium oxide dilution (p=0.039). The new prediction equation for FFM (kg)=-4.316+ 0.425* height(cm)/resistance (Ω)+1.287* sex (male=1, female=0)+0.307*age(years)+0.344* weight(kg)+0.019*reactance(Ω) yielded an R2 of 0.926. The equation for total body water (TBW) (kg)=-2.152 + 0.328*height(cm)/resistance (Ω) 0.910*sex (male=1, female=0)+0.307 *age (years)+0.249*weight(kg)+0.015*reactance(Ω) yielded an R2 of 0.922. The Bland-Altman plot illustrated a good level of concordance between the FFM and TBW predicted by the new equations and the values derived using deuterium dilution method.
CONCLUSIONS
The new BIA prediction equations for estimating FFM and TBW could be used to assess with very good accuracy and precision the body composition of Malawian and adolescents with similar characteristics.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Male; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35379640
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058551 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2021To explore changes in the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and evaluate the correlation between deuterium oxide dilution,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To explore changes in the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and evaluate the correlation between deuterium oxide dilution, bioelectric impedance analysis, and anthropometry for assessment of body composition.
METHODS
This study included 14 children (aged 5.6 to 13.6 years) and classified them as having hematologic or solid tumors. They had their body composition analyzed according to deuterium oxide, bioelectric impedance, and anthropometric measurements before the first chemotherapy cycle and after three and six months of therapy.
RESULTS
The patients in the hematologic tumor group had an increase in weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip, and arm circumference, subscapular skinfold thickness, and fat mass with the isotope dilution technique during chemotherapy. In the solid tumor group, the children showed a reduction in fat-free mass when assessed by bioimpedance analysis. We found a positive correlation between the triceps skinfold thickness and fat mass determined by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide. The arm muscle circumference correlated with the fat-free mass estimated by bioimpedance analysis and deuterium oxide.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with hematologic tumors had an increase in body weight, height, and fat mass, which was not identified in the solid tumor group. The positive correlation between anthropometry (triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference), deuterium oxide dilution, and bioelectric impedance analysis shows the applicability of anthropometry in clinical practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Child; Child, Preschool; Deuterium Oxide; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 32756757
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019209 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2023Human milk provides essential nutrition for infants, and its benefits are well established. We lack data on the influence of maternal nutritional status on milk volume... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Human milk provides essential nutrition for infants, and its benefits are well established. We lack data on the influence of maternal nutritional status on milk volume and composition in low-middle income countries.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to 1) assess lactation performance (human milk volume, macronutrient composition, and infant energy intake) in Indian females and 2) examine the associations between maternal anthropometry (BMI, percentage body fat) and lactation performance.
METHODS
We conducted an observational study among 232 mother-infant dyads, 2 to 4 mo postpartum in Haryana, India. We used deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique to measure milk volume and maternal percentage body fat and collected human milk samples to determine macronutrient and energy concentrations. Adjusted multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between maternal anthropometry and lactation performance.
RESULTS
The mean BMI and percentage body fat of mothers were 21.7 ± 3.6 kg/m and 29.5 ± 7.7, respectively. Milk volume and macronutrient composition were similar to the reference values (means ± standard deviations: milk volume, 724 ± 184 mL/d; median (25th, 75th percentile); protein, 9.9 (8.3, 11.7) g/L; fat, 41.0 ± 15.2 g/L; energy density, 0.71 ± 0.14 kcal/g; lactose, 65.5 (55.3, 71.3) g/L). Maternal BMI and percentage body fat were not significantly associated with macronutrient composition. Both maternal BMI and percentage body fat were negatively associated with milk volume (-7.0, 95% CI: -12.4, -1.6 mL/d; -3.5, 95% CI: -6.0, -1.1mL/d, respectively) but there were no effects on the total energy intake of infants after adjusting for covariates.
CONCLUSION
Most mothers had a normal BMI and milk of similar composition and volume to reference values. Future work in populations with a greater burden of underweight and/or obesity are needed to examine the underlying mechanisms between maternal body composition and milk volume. This trial was registered at The Clinical Trials Registry- India as CTRI/2017/01/007636.
Topics: Female; Infant; Humans; Nutritional Status; Lactation; Milk, Human; Body Composition; Energy Intake
PubMed: 36773786
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.02.002