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Nutrients May 2022Functional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain-gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being...
Functional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain-gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being identified. With an intricate pathogenesis and symptomatology, it heavily impacts the quality of life and, due to the limited efficacy of traditional pharmacological agents, patients are likely to seek other medical and non-medical solutions to their problem. Over the last few years, significant research in this domain has emphasized the importance of various psychological therapies and nutritional recommendations. Nevertheless, a correlation has been established between functional dyspepsia and food intolerances, with more and more patients adopting different kinds of exclusion diets, leading to weight loss, restrictive eating behaviour and an imbalanced nutritional state, further negatively impacting their quality of life. Thus, in this systematic review, we aimed at analysing the impact and efficiency of certain exclusion diets undertook by patients, more precisely, the gluten-free diet and the low-FODMAP diet.
Topics: Diet Therapy; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Gluten-Free; Dyspepsia; Food Intolerance; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35631198
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102057 -
Nutrients May 2024Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key... (Review)
Review
Infertility affects 15% of the population in developed countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Fertility can be influenced by different factors. Although key factors like maternal age cannot be changed, there is growing evidence that other modifiable factors, such as diet, can have an impact on fertility. Diet has become increasingly important in recent years for a number of reasons: the new trend toward a healthy lifestyle, the higher prevalence of certain digestive disorders, a lack of time that leads people to consume more prepared and processed food, and personal choice to not eat meat, among others. To meet these needs, several diets have recently become popular, such as the Mediterranean diet, known as the gold standard of health; the DASH diet, known for preventing hypertension; the Western diet, characterized by processed food; the ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake; and the vegetarian diet, which is the choice for people who do not eat meat or animal by-products. Diets present a unique composition characterized by the presence or absence of specific nutrients, which have also been associated with male and female fertility individually. This review assesses the impact of these diets and of macro- and micronutrients on both female and male fertility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Fertility; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet; Diet, Western; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Diet, Ketogenic; Infertility; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38892663
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111726 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Oct 2018The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults. An... (Review)
Review
The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults. An overview of the scientific literature supporting posited mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy is presented including effects on neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation. The clinical evidence supporting ketogenic diet use in the management of adult epilepsy, malignant glioma, Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, motor neuron disease, and other neurologic disorders is highlighted and reviewed. Lastly, common adverse effects of ketogenic therapy in adults, including gastrointestinal symptoms, weight loss, and transient dyslipidemia are discussed.
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 30225789
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0666-8 -
Nutrients Nov 2021The differential diagnosis and treatment of seronegative enteropathy, also termed seronegative villous atrophy (SNVA), is a clinical challenge. Although seronegative... (Review)
Review
The differential diagnosis and treatment of seronegative enteropathy, also termed seronegative villous atrophy (SNVA), is a clinical challenge. Although seronegative coeliac disease (CD) is a frequent cause of SNVA, the aetiology can include immune-mediated, inflammatory, infectious, and drug-related forms. As a misdiagnosis of SNVA can result in patients being unnecessarily placed on a lifelong strict gluten-free diet or even given incorrect immunosuppressive therapy, the aim of this paper is to provide an evidence-based and practical approach for the workup and management of SNVA.
Topics: Atrophy; Celiac Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet, Gluten-Free; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 34836279
DOI: 10.3390/nu13114027 -
Trials Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women of fertile age. Women with PCOS manifest clinical symptoms like menstrual...
A comparison of the portfolio low-carbohydrate diet and the ketogenic diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women of fertile age. Women with PCOS manifest clinical symptoms like menstrual dysfunction, hirsutism, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. As excessive amounts of insulin levels directly increase ovarian production of androgens, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are considered as the pathogenesis factors of PCOS. The portfolio low-carbohydrate diet (PLCD) is a plant-based diet with 40% carbohydrates combined with five cholesterol-lowering foods and nutrients. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional protocol with 10% carbohydrates. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PLCD or KD is more effective in alleviating PCOS symptoms.
METHODS
Forty-six overweight or obese women diagnosed with PCOS will be randomly stratified to receive either PLCD or KD for 8 weeks. Measures related to anthropometric and body composition, glucose, and insulin level, HOMA-IR, sex hormones, lipid profile, quality of life, dietary intake, physical activity, and Ferriman-Gallwey score of all participants will be accessed before and after the intervention.
DISCUSSION
Since the first line treatment of PCOS is lifestyle adjustment including diet control and exercise, there has not been determined the optimal diet for this population of women yet. Hence, the goal of conducting this study is to determine whether the PLCD or the KD could have more advantageous effects on attenuating PCOS manifestations. The result of this investigation will give us new insight into curing this disease and will provide evidence-based recommendations for prescribing an optimal diet for PCOS women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
IRCT20200912048693N3, Trial registered 2022-12-14. https://www.irct.ir/trial/67548.
Topics: Female; Humans; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37559131
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07569-6 -
American Family Physician Jul 2017
Review
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet, Gluten-Free; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28671373
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Apr 2024Ketogenic diets have been widely used for weight loss and are increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Despite evidence that ketones have multiple... (Review)
Review
Ketogenic diets have been widely used for weight loss and are increasingly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Despite evidence that ketones have multiple positive effects on kidney function, common misconceptions about ketogenic diets, such as high protein content and acid load, have prevented their widespread use in individuals with impaired kidney function. Clinical trial evidence focusing on major adverse kidney events is sparse. The aim of this review is to explore the effects of a ketogenic diet, with an emphasis on the pleiotropic actions of ketones, on kidney health. Given the minimal concerns in relation to the potential renoprotective effects of a ketogenic diet, future studies should evaluate the safety and efficacy of ketogenic interventions in kidney disease.
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Ketones; Kidney Diseases
PubMed: 38677719
DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004101 -
Journal of Child Neurology Jan 2024The ketogenic diet may be difficult for some patients and their families to implement and can impact physical, emotional, and social well-being.
BACKGROUND
The ketogenic diet may be difficult for some patients and their families to implement and can impact physical, emotional, and social well-being.
METHODS
Through principles of fundamental qualitative description, we completed an exploratory study on parents' experiences and expectations on the use and efficacy of the ketogenic diet for children with medically refractory epilepsy.
RESULTS
Seventeen parents (10 mothers and 7 fathers) of 12 children with epilepsy participated. At the time of the interview, parents had experienced an average of 25 months of ketogenic diet treatment for their child (range 2 months to 98 months). Half of the caregivers learned about the ketogenic diet from their neurologist, whereas the remainder had heard about it from another source (ie, the internet). Most caregivers' (n = 13) diet expectations were related to seizure control. However, child development (n = 5) and quality of life (n = 5) were also crucial to some. Physical impacts of the diet were most commonly gastrointestinal for children (n = 9). Social and emotional effects were noted in some older children with typical development. Most caregivers described negative impacts on finances (n = 15), relationships (n = 14), and emotional well-being (ie, stress) (n = 12). Caregivers benefited from the ketogenic diet team's regular communication, close follow-up, and family-centered care.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the impacts that the ketogenic diet may have on caregivers' emotional and social well-being, the positive impacts of the diet were felt to outweigh any perceived risks. Effects (both positive and negative) on quality of life and child development (eg, social, emotional, cognitive) are essential for caregivers and require additional investigation.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Ketogenic; Female; Male; Child; Child, Preschool; Parents; Quality of Life; Adult; Infant; Adolescent; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Caregivers
PubMed: 38314711
DOI: 10.1177/08830738241227066 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) May 2024The quality of a mother's diet is important to ensure child growth and development and keep women healthy. This systematic review aimed to identify the outcomes of a... (Review)
Review
The quality of a mother's diet is important to ensure child growth and development and keep women healthy. This systematic review aimed to identify the outcomes of a carbohydrate-restricted diet during lactation. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2023; 16 studies were selected, all of them case reports or care series. The carbohydrate restriction described in the papers mainly was ketogenic, low-carb, low-carbohydrate and high-fat, and modified ketogenic diets. The main goal of women undertaking these diets was weight loss, with therapeutic purposes (monitored and supervised by health professionals) in only 2 cases: (1) ketogenic diet therapy for treatment of seizures in the infant and (2) to reduce symptoms of mother's gastroesophageal reflux. Most articles reported that lactating women were hospitalized, experiencing symptoms such as vomiting, muscle weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, general malaise, and fatigue. However, articles did not mention poor outcomes for the infants. Most of the studies in this review were published in the past 3 years, indicating a possible increase in cases of women practicing carbohydrate restriction during lactation for weight loss caused by body dissatisfaction. In conclusion, carbohydrate restriction during lactation may be harmful to the lactating woman and contribute to the state of lactational ketoacidosis, but infant outcomes are mainly a change in feeding patterns. Thus, education on food and nutrition is necessary for this population.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Infant; Breast Feeding; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Dietary Carbohydrates; Ketosis; Lactation; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Weight Loss
PubMed: 38565002
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.007 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Potential celiac disease (PCD) is a heterogeneous disease; only some patients develop full celiac disease (CD), characterised by advanced atrophic changes in the small... (Review)
Review
Potential celiac disease (PCD) is a heterogeneous disease; only some patients develop full celiac disease (CD), characterised by advanced atrophic changes in the small intestine. Few accurate prognostic factors exist for the progression of PCD; therefore, therapeutic decisions should be made on an individual basis in each case. Patients with clinical gastroenterological or parenteral symptoms often benefit from a gluten-free diet, and those left on a diet containing gluten should receive clinical, serological and histopathological supervision.
Topics: Celiac Disease; Clinical Decision-Making; Diet, Gluten-Free; Humans
PubMed: 33804221
DOI: 10.3390/nu13030947