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BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2015Continued progression of kidney disease will lead to renal function too low to sustain healthy life. In developed countries, such people will be offered renal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Continued progression of kidney disease will lead to renal function too low to sustain healthy life. In developed countries, such people will be offered renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or renal transplantation. Requirement for dialysis or transplantation is termed end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of a low-sodium diet to reduce progression rate of chronic kidney disease? What are the effects of a low-protein diet to reduce progression rate of chronic kidney disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).
RESULTS
We found seven studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic overview we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: low-protein diet versus control, different low-protein diets versus each other (low-protein diet versus very low-protein diet), low-sodium diet versus control, different low-sodium diets versus each other.
Topics: Diet, Protein-Restricted; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 26121377
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2018Celiac disease affects about 1% of the population and is treated with a gluten-free diet. However, the last decade has seen a huge rise in individuals self-reporting...
Celiac disease affects about 1% of the population and is treated with a gluten-free diet. However, the last decade has seen a huge rise in individuals self-reporting wheat sensitivity, and consuming a gluten-free diet, despite not having a doctor-diagnosis of celiac disease. A recent flurry of observational studies from across the globe suggests that approximately 10% of the population is self-reporting wheat sensitivity. They describe a constellation of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms attributed to ingestion of gluten-based products. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge to clinicians with regards to adequately excluding celiac disease, identifying the culprit agent, understanding the pathophysiology, and providing safe aftercare.
Topics: Australia; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Glutens; Humans; Self Report; Triticum; Wheat Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 29915404
DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0103-y -
Primary Care Jun 2017Gastrointestinal conditions are prevalent in the population and account for significant morbidity and health care costs. Patients with gastrointestinal conditions use... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal conditions are prevalent in the population and account for significant morbidity and health care costs. Patients with gastrointestinal conditions use integrative medicine. There is growing evidence that integrative medicine approaches can improve symptoms and affect physiology and disease course. This article reviews data on some common and well-studied approaches, including mind-body therapies, acupuncture, diet, probiotics, and dietary supplements and herbs. Although clear recommendations can be made for some conditions, in others there are challenges in translating these findings owing to small study size, lack of standardization, and trial heterogeneity.
Topics: Complementary Therapies; Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Integrative Medicine; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 28501229
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.02.002 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jul 2015The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies depending on the criteria used to diagnose it, but it ranges from about 5% to 20%. IBS is associated with... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) varies depending on the criteria used to diagnose it, but it ranges from about 5% to 20%. IBS is associated with abnormal gastrointestinal motor function and enhanced visceral perception, as well as psychosocial and genetic factors. People with IBS often have other bodily and psychiatric symptoms, and have an increased likelihood of having unnecessary surgery compared with people without IBS.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of dietary modification (gluten-free diet, a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]) in people with irritable bowel syndrome? We searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2014 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).
RESULTS
At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 33 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 19 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 14 studies and the further review of five full publications. Of the five full articles evaluated, three RCTs were included. Based upon their own search, the contributor(s) added two additional RCTs that did not meet Clinical Evidence inclusion criteria; these have been added to the Comment section. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality for two PICO combinations.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for two interventions based on information relating to the effectiveness and safety of dietary modification (gluten-free diet or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols [FODMAPs]).
Topics: Diet; Diet, Gluten-Free; Disaccharides; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Monosaccharides; Oligosaccharides
PubMed: 26226510
DOI: No ID Found -
EBioMedicine Mar 2017The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base... (Review)
Review
The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base from the observational literature confirms that the quality of individuals' diets is related to their risk for common mental disorders, such as depression. This is the case across countries and age groups. Moreover, new intervention studies implementing dietary changes suggest promise for the prevention and treatment of depression. Concurrently, data point to the utility of selected nutraceuticals as adjunctive treatments for mental disorders and as monotherapies for conditions such as ADHD. Finally, new studies focused on understanding the biological pathways that mediate the observed relationships between diet, nutrition and mental health are pointing to the immune system, oxidative biology, brain plasticity and the microbiome-gut-brain axis as key targets for nutritional interventions. On the other hand, the field is currently limited by a lack of data and methodological issues such as heterogeneity, residual confounding, measurement error, and challenges in measuring and ensuring dietary adherence in intervention studies. Key challenges for the field are to now: replicate, refine and scale up promising clinical and population level dietary strategies; identify a clear set of biological pathways and targets that mediate the identified associations; conduct scientifically rigorous nutraceutical and 'psychobiotic' interventions that also examine predictors of treatment response; conduct observational and experimental studies in psychosis focused on dietary and related risk factors and treatments; and continue to advocate for policy change to improve the food environment at the population level.
Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Depression; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Humans
PubMed: 28242200
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020 -
Nutrients Mar 2021Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating versus Standard Dietary Advice on Weight, Metabolic Health and the Consumption of Processed Food: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial in Community-Based Adults.
Weight loss is key to controlling the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, i.e., central obesity, hypertension, prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. The goals of our study were two-fold. First, we characterised the relationships between eating duration, unprocessed and processed food consumption and metabolic health. During 4 weeks of observation, 213 adults used a smartphone application to record food and drink consumption, which was annotated for food processing levels following the NOVA classification. Low consumption of unprocessed food and low physical activity showed significant associations with multiple MS components. Second, in a pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we compared the metabolic benefits of 12 h time-restricted eating (TRE) to standard dietary advice (SDA) in 54 adults with an eating duration > 14 h and at least one MS component. After 6 months, those randomised to TRE lost 1.6% of initial body weight (SD 2.9, = 0.01), compared to the absence of weight loss with SDA (-1.1%, SD 3.5, = 0.19). There was no significant difference in weight loss between TRE and SDA (between-group difference -0.88%, 95% confidence interval -3.1 to 1.3, = 0.43). Our results show the potential of smartphone records to predict metabolic health and highlight that further research is needed to improve individual responses to TRE such as a shorter eating window or its actual clock time.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diet; Diet Therapy; Eating; Exercise; Fast Foods; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Nutrition Therapy; Obesity; Smartphone; Time Factors; Weight Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 33807102
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031042 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Nov 2015
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Female; Humans; Life Style; Patient Compliance; Smoking
PubMed: 26250841
DOI: 10.1111/joim.12408 -
Australian Family Physician Nov 2017Diverticular disease and its spectrum of complications are increasingly encountered in the Australian population. Accurate management of patients before and after an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Diverticular disease and its spectrum of complications are increasingly encountered in the Australian population. Accurate management of patients before and after an acute episode entails extension beyond the acute event to include dietary advice and colonoscopy.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this article are to evaluate the literature regarding dietary factors and diverticular disease, routine colonoscopy and antibiotic treatment in acute diverticulitis, to enable primary care physicians to manage patients and provide sound advice after hospital admission.
DISCUSSION
Diverticulitis can often be managed in the community by general practitioners, but the necessity of antibiotics may not be definitive. When patients do require hospital admission, advice and management of patient lifestyle factors after admission, and investigations to rule out red flags are crucial. These elements of patient management are the subject of debate, as it appears that standard dietary advice does not alter a patient's clinical course, and colonoscopy is not always necessary and should be used judiciously.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Colonoscopy; Diet Therapy; Diverticular Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 29101918
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Apr 2019This narrative review provides an overview of the current regulation of probiotics, with a focus on those used for the dietary management of medical conditions (Medical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
This narrative review provides an overview of the current regulation of probiotics, with a focus on those used for the dietary management of medical conditions (Medical Foods).
FINDINGS
The probiotic market has grown rapidly, both for foods and supplements intended to enhance wellness in healthy individuals, and for preparations for the dietary management of disease. Regulation of probiotics varies between regions. Unless they make specific disease-related health claims, probiotics are regulated as food supplements and regulation is focused on the legitimacy of any claims, rather than efficacy, safety and quality. Many properties of probiotics are strain-specific, and safety and efficacy findings associated to specific formulations should not be generalized to other probiotic products. Manufacturing processes, conditions and ingredients are important determinants of product characteristics and changes to manufacturing are likely to give rise to a product not identical to the "original" in efficacy and safety if proper measures and controls are not taken. Current trademark law and the lack of stringent regulation of probiotic manufacturing mean that the trademark owner can commercialize any formulation under the same brand, even if significantly different from the original. These regulatory deficits may have serious consequences for patients where probiotics are used as part of clinical guideline-recommended management of serious conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases, and may make doctors liable for prescribing a formulation not previously tested for safety and efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Current regulation of probiotics is inadequate to protect consumers and doctors, especially when probiotics are aimed at the dietary management of serious conditions.
Topics: Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Drug and Narcotic Control; Health Policy; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 29378309
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.018 -
BMC Geriatrics Sep 2023It remains unclear whether plant-based or animal-based dietary patterns are more beneficial for older adults more in maintaining muscle mass. Using a prospective cohort...
BACKGROUND
It remains unclear whether plant-based or animal-based dietary patterns are more beneficial for older adults more in maintaining muscle mass. Using a prospective cohort with nationwide sample of China older adults in this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between adhering to plant-based diet patterns or animal-based diet patterns and muscle loss.
METHODS
We included 2771 older adults (≥ 65 years) from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with normal muscle mass at baseline (2011 and 2014 waves), which followed up into 2018. Plant-based dietary pattern scores and preference subgroups were constructed using 16 common animal-based and plant-based food frequencies. We used the corrected appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) prediction formula to assess muscle mass. We applied the Cox proportional hazard risk regression to explore associations between dietary patterns and low muscle mass (LMM).
RESULTS
During a mean of 4.1 years follow-up, 234 (8.4%) participants with normal muscle mass at baseline showed LMM. The plant-based dietary pattern reduced the risk of LMM by 5% (Hazard Ratios [HR]: 0.95, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 0.92-0.97). In addition, a high plant-based food company with a high animal-based food intake pattern reduced the risk of LMM by 60% (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.240-0.661) and 73% (HR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61) in the BADL disability and IADL disability population compared with a low plant-based food and high animal-based food intake, whereas a high plant-based food and low animal-based food intake was more beneficial in reducing the risk of LMM in the normal BADL functioning (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90) and IADL functioning (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.91) population.
CONCLUSIONS
When it comes to maintaining muscle mass in older Chinese people with functional independence, a plant-based diet pattern is more beneficial and effective than the animal-based one. People with functional dependence may profit from a combination of plant-based and animal-based diets to minimize muscle loss.
Topics: Humans; Diet; East Asian People; Prospective Studies; Diet, Vegetarian; Aged; Muscular Atrophy; Functional Status; Muscle, Skeletal; Diet, High-Protein
PubMed: 37716958
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04265-7