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Nutrients Aug 2018With the rapid development of modern society, many chronic diseases are increasing including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which further cause an... (Review)
Review
With the rapid development of modern society, many chronic diseases are increasing including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which further cause an increased death rate worldwide. A high caloric diet with reduced natural polysaccharides, typically indigestible polysaccharides, is considered a health risk factor. With solid evidence accumulating that indigestible polysaccharides can effectively prevent and/or ameliorate symptoms of many chronic diseases, we give a narrative review of many natural polysaccharides extracted from various food resources which mainly contribute their health beneficial functions via intestinal fermentation.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 30096921
DOI: 10.3390/nu10081055 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2018Carnitine has vital roles in the endogenous metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It can protect and support gut microbial species, and some dietary fibers can reduce... (Review)
Review
Carnitine has vital roles in the endogenous metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It can protect and support gut microbial species, and some dietary fibers can reduce the available iron involved in the bioactivity of carnitine. There is also an antagonistic relationship between high microbial populations and carnitine bioavailability. This review shows the interactions between carnitine and gut microbial composition. It also elucidates the role of carnitine bacterial metabolism, mitochondrial function, fiber fermentability, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Topics: Carnitine; Dietary Fiber; Fatty Acids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Iron
PubMed: 29597260
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041008 -
Nutrients Jan 2022is a large marine brown alga that is annually highly productive. However, due to its underutilization, its potential value is substantially wasted. For example, a lot...
is a large marine brown alga that is annually highly productive. However, due to its underutilization, its potential value is substantially wasted. For example, a lot of cellulose remains unused during production of algin. The soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was prepared from the byproducts of , and its physicochemical properties were explored. SDF exhibits good water-holding, oil-holding, water-absorbing swelling, glucose and cholesterol absorption capacity, and inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, the beneficial effects of SDF in diabetic mice include reduced body weight, lower blood glucose, and relieved insulin resistance. Finally, the intestinal flora and metabolomic products were analyzed from feces using 16S amplicon and LC-MS/MS, respectively. SDF not only significantly changed the composition and structure of intestinal flora and intestinal metabolites, but also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria , and , decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria , and increased the content of bioactive substances in intestinal tract, such as harmine, magnolol, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2, urimorelin and azelaic acid. Taken together, these findings suggest that dietary intake of SDF alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus disease, and provides an important theoretical basis for SDF to be used as a functional food.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Laminaria; Mice; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 35057510
DOI: 10.3390/nu14020329 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Accumulating evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrate the benefit of dietary fibers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the majority of... (Review)
Review
Accumulating evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrate the benefit of dietary fibers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the majority of patients avoid or limit their consumption to manage their symptoms during the active and remission phases, although limited research supports these long-term dietary habits. Although recent evidence-based dietary guidelines highlight the importance of promoting an adequate intake of dietary fiber in IBD patients, intervention trials have not yet clearly clarified the quality and quantity of dietary fiber that should be consumed to be equally tolerated by and provide benefit for patients with IBD. This narrative review describes dietary fibers and their characteristics, analyzes the real-word studies on the impact of dietary fiber consumption in IBD in different clinical settings, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, focusing on the real-world needs of characterizing the consumption of fiber-rich foods and promoting their adequate intake.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Diet
PubMed: 38674799
DOI: 10.3390/nu16081108 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022This study aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing oat by-products for fiber preparation. Oat husk (OH) and oat bran (OB) were micronized and used to prepare a...
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of utilizing oat by-products for fiber preparation. Oat husk (OH) and oat bran (OB) were micronized and used to prepare a novel product rich in fiber and with enhanced antioxidant properties. The basic chemical composition and phenolic acid profile were determined in OH and OB. The antioxidant properties of OH and OB were also analyzed. The type and strength of interactions between the biologically active compounds from their mixtures were characterized by an isobolographic analysis. The analyses showed that the sum of phenolic acids was higher in OH than in OB. Ferulic acid was dominant in both OH and OB; however, its content in OH was over sixfold higher than that in OB. The results also suggested that both OH and OB can be used for preparing fiber with enhanced antioxidant properties. The optimal composition of the preparation, with 60-70% of OH and 30-40% of OB, allows for obtaining a product with 60-70% fiber and enhanced antioxidant activity due to bioactive substances and their synergistic effect. The resulting product can be a valuable additive to various food and dietary supplements.
Topics: Antioxidants; Avena; Dietary Fiber; Plant Structures
PubMed: 35565971
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092621 -
Nutrients Nov 2021Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head that increases in prevalence as age increases. With strong evidence supporting the benefits of dietary...
Tinnitus is the phantom perception of sound in the ears or head that increases in prevalence as age increases. With strong evidence supporting the benefits of dietary fibre for vascular health and hearing loss, intake of dietary fibre may also have a role in the prevention of tinnitus symptoms. This longitudinal study aims to determine the association between the intake of dietary fibre and other carbohydrate nutrition variables including glycaemic index (GI), glycaemic load (GL) and total carbohydrate intakes, and incident tinnitus over 10 years. Of the 1730 participants (aged ≥50 years) from the Blue Mountains Hearing Study with complete baseline data on tinnitus symptoms and carbohydrate intakes, 536 (31%) cases of tinnitus were identified and excluded from further incidence analysis. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to determine intakes of total dietary fibre and fibre contributions from cereals, vegetables, and fruit. A purpose-built database based on Australian GI values was used to calculate mean GI. Lower versus higher intakes of fruit fibre (≤3.6 g/day vs. >3.6 g/day) and cereal fibre (≤4.2 g/day vs. >4.2 g/day) were significantly associated with a 65% (HR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15-2.36) and 54% (HR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.07-2.22) increased risk of developing tinnitus over 10 years, respectively. Associations between intake of other carbohydrate nutrients and incident tinnitus were mostly non-significant. In summary, our study showed modest associations between intake of dietary fibre and incident tinnitus. The protective effects of fibre, particularly insoluble fibre, could underlie observed associations by reducing the risk of tinnitus via vascular risk factors such as cardiovascular disease. Further longitudinal studies evaluating different types and sources of fibre and tinnitus risk are needed to confirm our study findings.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Databases, Factual; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Risk; Tinnitus
PubMed: 34836381
DOI: 10.3390/nu13114126 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2019Rice are consumed mainly as polished rice grains. In the threshing and polishing processes of paddy rice, a considerable amount of husk and bran are separated as... (Review)
Review
Rice are consumed mainly as polished rice grains. In the threshing and polishing processes of paddy rice, a considerable amount of husk and bran are separated as by-products. Rice bran is utilized for oil production, whereas rice husk as well as straw is not fully utilized. Defatted rice bran is rich in proteins and non-digestible polysaccharides, while husk and straw consist mainly of plant cell wall components, including cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. Such non-digestible polysaccharides function in gastrointestinal lumen as dietary fiber, though physiological functions and their application are limited. Non-digestible oligosaccharides have recently been interested as prebiotics from a viewpoint of health benefit via utilization by intestinal microbiota. A diversity of non-digestible polysaccharides in rice bran and husk are good and ecological sources for production of both prebiotic and potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides. In this review, we summarize non-digestible polysaccharides constituting cell wall of rice grains including husk and degradation of the polysaccharides into oligo- and monosaccharides by microbial glycoside hydrolases. Prebiotic potential of such oligosaccharides derived from rice non-digestible polysaccharides are also introduced. Finally, our recent attempt for effective production of cello-oligosaccharides by regulated enzymatic degradation is briefly described.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Glycoside Hydrolases; Oligosaccharides; Oryza; Prebiotics
PubMed: 31619616
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.S143 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2016Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation appears to be a major contributor in perpetuating a dysregulated gut microbiota. Although current drug therapies can significantly induce and maintain disease remission, there is no cure for these diseases. Nevertheless, ongoing human studies investigating dietary fibre interventions may potentially prove to exert beneficial outcomes for IBD. Postulated mechanisms include direct interactions with the gut mucosa through immunomodulation, or indirectly through the microbiome. Component species of the microbiome may degrade dietary-fibre polysaccharides and ferment the products to form short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Prebiotic dietary fibres may also act more directly by altering the composition of the microbiome. Longer term benefits in reducing the risk of more aggressive disease or colorectal cancer may require other dietary fibre sources such as wheat bran or psyllium. By critically examining clinical trials that have used dietary fibre supplements or dietary patterns containing specific types or amounts of dietary fibres, it may be possible to assess whether varying the intake of specific dietary fibres may offer an efficient treatment for IBD patients.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Prebiotics; Psyllium
PubMed: 27314323
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060919 -
Cancer Science May 2022Cancer cachexia and the associated skeletal muscle wasting are considered poor prognostic factors, although effective treatment has not yet been established. Recent...
Cancer cachexia and the associated skeletal muscle wasting are considered poor prognostic factors, although effective treatment has not yet been established. Recent studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle loss may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and the accompanying chronic inflammation or altered metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the possible effects of modifying the gut microenvironment with partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), a soluble dietary fiber, on cancer-related muscle wasting and its mechanism using a colon-26 murine cachexia model. Compared with a fiber-free (FF) diet, PHGG contained fiber-rich (FR) diet-attenuated skeletal muscle loss in cachectic mice by suppressing the elevation of the major muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases Atrogin-1 and MuRF1, as well as the autophagy markers LC3 and Bnip3. Although tight-junction markers were partially reduced in both FR and FF diet-fed cachectic mice, the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and unclassified S24-7 family increased by FR diet, contributing to the retention of the colonic mucus layer. The reinforcement of the gut barrier function resulted in the controlled entry of pathogens into the host system and reduced circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and IL-6, which in turn led to the suppression of proteolysis by downregulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy pathway. These results suggest that dietary fiber may have the potential to alleviate skeletal muscle loss in cancer cachexia, providing new insights for developing effective strategies in the future.
Topics: Animals; Cachexia; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Mice; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Ubiquitin; Water
PubMed: 35201655
DOI: 10.1111/cas.15306 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Sep 2016The positive effects of dietary fibre on health are now widely recognised; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing such benefits remains... (Review)
Review
The positive effects of dietary fibre on health are now widely recognised; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing such benefits remains unclear. There are even uncertainties about how dietary fibre in plant foods should be defined and analysed. This review attempts to clarify the confusion regarding the mechanisms of action of dietary fibre and deals with current knowledge on the wide variety of dietary fibre materials, comprising mainly of NSP that are not digested by enzymes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These non-digestible materials range from intact cell walls of plant tissues to individual polysaccharide solutions often used in mechanistic studies. We discuss how the structure and properties of fibre are affected during food processing and how this can impact on nutrient digestibility. Dietary fibre can have multiple effects on GI function, including GI transit time and increased digesta viscosity, thereby affecting flow and mixing behaviour. Moreover, cell wall encapsulation influences macronutrient digestibility through limited access to digestive enzymes and/or substrate and product release. Moreover, encapsulation of starch can limit the extent of gelatinisation during hydrothermal processing of plant foods. Emphasis is placed on the effects of diverse forms of fibre on rates and extents of starch and lipid digestion, and how it is important that a better understanding of such interactions with respect to the physiology and biochemistry of digestion is needed. In conclusion, we point to areas of further investigation that are expected to contribute to realisation of the full potential of dietary fibre on health and well-being of humans.
Topics: Biological Availability; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Food Analysis; Humans; Nutritive Value; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 27385119
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516002610