-
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Mar 2018This article provides evidence that current dietary fiber intake levels may be insufficient to maintain colonic mucosal health and defense, and reduce inflammation and... (Review)
Review
This article provides evidence that current dietary fiber intake levels may be insufficient to maintain colonic mucosal health and defense, and reduce inflammation and cancer risk in otherwise healthy people. Current commercial tube feeds generally overlook the metabolic needs of the colon and may predispose patients to dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth with pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, and acute colitis. These results raise concern about the wide-scale use of prophylactic antibiotics in the intensive care unit and the use of elemental, fiber-depleted tube feeds. Nutrition support is not complete without the addition of sufficient fiber to meet colonic nutritional needs.
Topics: Critical Illness; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Health; Humans; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 29413014
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.10.005 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Only 9% of individuals in the United Kingdom (UK) meet the recommendation for dietary fibre intake. Little is known about chickpea consumption in the UK. Chickpea...
Only 9% of individuals in the United Kingdom (UK) meet the recommendation for dietary fibre intake. Little is known about chickpea consumption in the UK. Chickpea intake trends and sociodemographic patterns were analysed using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme data collected from 2008/09 to 2018/19 among 15,655 individuals ≥1.5 years completing a four-day food diary. Chickpea consumers were identified based on a list of chickpea-containing foods, with the most consumed foods being hummus, boiled chickpeas, chickpea flour, and low/reduced-fat hummus. Micronutrient and food group intakes were compared between chickpea consumers and non-consumers; the Modified Healthy Dietary Score was also assessed, which measures adherence to UK dietary recommendations. Chickpea consumption increased from 6.1% (2008-2012) to 12.3% (2016-2019). Among 1.5-3 years, consumption increased from 5.7% to 13.4%, and among 19-64 years, consumption increased from 7.1% to 14.4%. The percentage of individuals eating chickpeas was higher among individuals with higher incomes and more education. Healthy-weight adults were more likely to consume chickpeas compared to those who were overweight or obese. Compared to both bean and non-bean consumers, chickpea consumers ate significantly more dietary fibre, fruits and vegetables, pulses, nuts, and less red meat and processed meat products. Chickpea consumers also had a higher Modified Healthy Dietary Score. In the UK, chickpea consumption more than doubled from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Chickpea consumers had a higher diet quality than non-consumers.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cicer; Diet; Fruit; Vegetables; Nutrition Surveys; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake
PubMed: 38004178
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224784 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2019The forage lignocellulosic complex is one of the greatest limitations to utilization of the nutrients and energy in fiber. Consequently, several technologies have been... (Review)
Review
The forage lignocellulosic complex is one of the greatest limitations to utilization of the nutrients and energy in fiber. Consequently, several technologies have been developed to increase forage fiber utilization by dairy cows. Physical or mechanical processing techniques reduce forage particle size and gut fill and thereby increase intake. Such techniques increase the surface area for microbial colonization and may increase fiber utilization. Genetic technologies such as brown midrib mutants (BMR) with less lignin have been among the most repeatable and practical strategies to increase fiber utilization. Newer BMR corn hybrids are better yielding than the early hybrids and recent brachytic dwarf BMR sorghum hybrids avoid lodging problems of early hybrids. Several alkalis have been effective at increasing fiber digestibility. Among these, ammoniation has the added benefit of increasing the nitrogen concentration of the forage. However, few of these have been widely adopted due to the cost and the caustic nature of the chemicals. Urea treatment is more benign but requires sufficient urease and moisture for efficacy. Ammonia-fiber expansion technology uses high temperature, moisture, and pressure to degrade lignocellulose to a greater extent than ammoniation alone, but it occurs in reactors and is therefore not currently usable on farms. Biological technologies for increasing fiber utilization such as application of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, live yeasts, and yeast culture have had equivocal effects on forage fiber digestion in individual studies, but recent meta-analyses indicate that their overall effects are positive. Nonhydrolytic expansin-like proteins act in synergy with fibrolytic enzymes to increase fiber digestion beyond that achieved by the enzyme alone due to their ability to expand cellulose microfibrils allowing greater enzyme penetration of the cell wall matrix. White-rot fungi are perhaps the biological agents with the greatest potential for lignocellulose deconstruction, but they require aerobic conditions and several strains degrade easily digestible carbohydrates. Less ruminant nutrition research has been conducted on brown rot fungi that deconstruct lignocellulose by generating highly destructive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. More research is needed to increase the repeatability, efficacy, cost effectiveness, and on-farm applicability of technologies for increasing fiber utilization.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Edible Grain; Rumen
PubMed: 30928262
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15334 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2022We studied the effect of dietary fibers (DFs) on the levels of free hypoglycemic agents in vitro, i.e., glimepiride and the biguanides buformin and metformin. The levels...
We studied the effect of dietary fibers (DFs) on the levels of free hypoglycemic agents in vitro, i.e., glimepiride and the biguanides buformin and metformin. The levels of free buformin and free metformin were not affected by mixtures of DFs, i.e., cellulose, chitosan, pectin (PE), and glucomannan (GM), in fluids of pH 1.2 and 6.8 (similar to the pH of the stomach and intestines, respectively). However, the free biguanide level was significantly reduced by mixing with PE or sodium alginate (AL), in water. The free glimepiride level was reduced in the mixture of AL, PE, and GM (in a solution with a pH of 6.8). The changes in aqueous AL solution pH seemed to reflect the free metformin levels. Therefore, the effects of DFs on free drug levels were dependent on drug type, hypoglycemic agent, and mixing solution. In this study, the oral regimen concentrations of the drug and DFs were used. Based on these results, it is important to consider the interactions between hypoglycemic agents and DFs.
Topics: Hypoglycemic Agents; Buformin; Metformin; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36328507
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00385 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Sep 2017Nut consumption is clearly related to human health outcomes. Its beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nut fatty acid profiles and content of vegetable... (Review)
Review
Nut consumption is clearly related to human health outcomes. Its beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nut fatty acid profiles and content of vegetable protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and phenolics. However, in this review we focus on the prebiotics properties in humans of the non-bioaccessible material of nuts (polymerized polyphenols and polysaccharides), which provides substrates for the human gut microbiota and on the formation of new bioactive metabolites and the absorption of that may partly explain the health benefits of nut consumption.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Nutritive Value; Nuts; Polyphenols; Prebiotics
PubMed: 27224877
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1096763 -
The Role of Dietary Fibre in Enteral Nutrition in Sepsis Prevention and Therapy: A Narrative Review.Nutrients May 2023This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the role of dietary fibre in enteral nutrition in the prevention and therapy of sepsis, with a focus on... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the role of dietary fibre in enteral nutrition in the prevention and therapy of sepsis, with a focus on critically ill patients. The aim is to discuss the implications for clinical practice and identify future directions for policy and research.
RESOURCES
We searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar for records on sepsis, critically ill, enteral nutrition, and dietary fibre. We included all types of articles such as meta-analyses, reviews, clinical trials, preclinical studies, and in vitro studies. Data were evaluated for significance and clinical relevance. Synopsis of Review: Despite the ongoing debate, enteral nutrition containing dietary fibres showed great potential in attenuating sepsis-related outcomes and preventing the incidence of sepsis in critically ill patients on enteral nutrition. Dietary fibres target different underlying mechanisms such as microbiota, mucosal barrier integrity, local cellular immune response, and systemic inflammation. We discuss the clinical potential and concerns that currently exist with the standard implementation of dietary fibre in enterally fed intensive care patients. Additionally, we identified research gaps that should be addressed to determine effectiveness and the role of dietary fibres in sepsis itself and its associated outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Enteral Nutrition; Critical Illness; Critical Care; Dietary Fiber; Sepsis
PubMed: 37299452
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112489 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Mar 2020Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects... (Review)
Review
Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects on host health and specific diseases. Dietary fibre is neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine and modulates the composition of the gut microbiota. New evidence indicates that dietary fibre also interacts directly with the epithelium and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract by microbiota-independent effects. This review focuses on how dietary fibre improves human health and the reported health benefits that are connected to molecular pathways, in (a) a microbiota-independent manner, via interaction with specific surface receptors on epithelial and immune cells regulating intestinal barrier and immune function, and (b) a microbiota-dependent manner via maintaining intestinal homeostasis by promoting beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, limiting the growth, adhesion, and cytotoxicity of pathogenic microbes, as well as stimulating fibre-derived microbial short-chain fatty acid production. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 31663129
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14871 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials.... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials. However, the pendulum has swung because of our increased understanding of the importance of fibers in maintaining a health-associated microbiome. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary fiber can alter the gut microbiome, improve IBD symptoms, balance inflammation, and enhance health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is now more vital than ever to examine how fiber could be used as a therapeutic strategy to manage and prevent disease relapse. At present, there is limited knowledge about which fibers are optimal and in what form and quantity they should be consumed to benefit patients with IBD. Additionally, individual microbiomes play a strong role in determining the outcomes and necessitate a more personalized nutritional approach to implementing dietary changes, as dietary fiber may not be as benign as once thought in a dysbiotic microbiome. This review describes dietary fibers and their mechanism of action within the microbiome, details novel fiber sources, including resistant starches and polyphenols, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, including the move toward precision nutrition.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36904081
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051080 -
Nutrition Reviews May 2022Cereal grains are the main dietary source of energy, carbohydrates, and plant proteins world-wide. Currently, only 41% of grains are used for human consumption, and up... (Review)
Review
Cereal grains are the main dietary source of energy, carbohydrates, and plant proteins world-wide. Currently, only 41% of grains are used for human consumption, and up to 35% are used for animal feed. Cereals have been overlooked as a source of environmentally sustainable and healthy plant proteins and could play a major role in transitioning towards a more sustainable food system for healthy diets. Cereal plant proteins are of good nutritional quality, but lysine is often the limiting amino acid. When consumed as whole grains, cereals provide health-protecting components such as dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Shifting grain use from feed to traditional foods and conceptually new foods and ingredients could improve protein security and alleviate climate change. Rapid development of new grain-based food ingredients and use of grains in new food contexts, such as dairy replacements and meat analogues, could accelerate the transition. This review discusses recent developments and outlines future perspectives for cereal grain use.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Humans; Nutritive Value; Plant Proteins; Whole Grains
PubMed: 34741520
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab084 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jan 2017Polysaccharides derived from plant foods are major components of the human diet, with limited contributions of related components from fungal and algal sources. In... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides derived from plant foods are major components of the human diet, with limited contributions of related components from fungal and algal sources. In particular, starch and other storage carbohydrates are the major sources of energy in all diets, while cell wall polysaccharides are the major components of dietary fiber. We review the role of these components in the human diet, including their structure and distribution, their modification during food processing and effects on functional properties, their behavior in the gastrointestinal tract, and their contribution to healthy diets.
Topics: Carbohydrates; Cell Wall; Chronic Disease; Cold Temperature; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Energy Intake; Food Handling; Glycemic Index; Hot Temperature; Humans; Malnutrition; Models, Biological; Molecular Structure; Plants, Edible; Risk Factors; Satiety Response; Starch
PubMed: 25921546
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.939263