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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a distinct set of clinical symptoms resulting from chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Despite the significant progress in understanding the etiology and development of treatment strategies, IBD remain incurable for thousands of patients. Metabolic deregulation is indicative of IBD, including substantial shifts in lipid metabolism. Recent data showed that changes in some phospholipids are very common in IBD patients. For instance, phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)/PC ratios are associated with the severity of the inflammatory process. Composition of phospholipids also changes upon IBD towards an increase in arachidonic acid and a decrease in linoleic and a-linolenic acid levels. Moreover, an increase in certain phospholipid metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide, can result in enhanced intestinal inflammation, malignancy, apoptosis or necroptosis. Because some phospholipids are associated with pathogenesis of IBD, they may provide a basis for new strategies to treat IBD. Current attempts are aimed at controlling phospholipid and fatty acid levels through the diet or via pharmacological manipulation of lipid metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipid Metabolism; Phospholipids
PubMed: 34769112
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111682 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2018The purpose of this review is to discuss the structural and physiological changes that underlie age-related neuromuscular dysfunction and to summarize current evidence... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the structural and physiological changes that underlie age-related neuromuscular dysfunction and to summarize current evidence on the potential role of nutritional interventions on neuromuscular dysfunction-associated pathways. Age-related neuromuscular deficits are known to coincide with distinct changes in the central and peripheral nervous system, in the neuromuscular system, and systemically. Although many features contribute to the age-related decline in neuromuscular function, a comprehensive understanding of their integration and temporal relationship is needed. Nonetheless, many nutrients and ingredients show promise in modulating neuromuscular output by counteracting the age-related changes that coincide with neuromuscular dysfunction. In particular, dietary supplements, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and dietary phospholipids, demonstrate potential in ameliorating age-related neuromuscular dysfunction. However, current evidence seldom directly assesses neuromuscular outcomes and is not always in the context of aging. Additional clinical research studies are needed to confirm the benefits of dietary supplements on neuromuscular function, as well as to define the appropriate population, dosage, and duration for intervention.
Topics: Aging; Creatine; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Neuromuscular Junction; Phospholipids; Sarcopenia; Valerates; Vitamin D
PubMed: 29804584
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.006 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Dec 2022This study examines the effects of diets supplemented with various lipids selected to induce divergent milk fat content responses (including a milk fat depression)...
This study examines the effects of diets supplemented with various lipids selected to induce divergent milk fat content responses (including a milk fat depression) between dairy cows and goats on plasma lipid composition. The objective was to better understand the mechanisms behind the regulation of milk fat secretion in these two ruminant species. Twelve Holstein cows and 12 Alpine goats were fed a basal diet not supplemented (CTL) or supplemented with corn oil plus wheat starch (COS, 5% DM intake (DMI)), marine algae powder of Schizochytrium sp. (MAP, 1.5% DMI), or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO, 3% DMI), in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, during 28 days. On day 27, blood samples were collected for lipid analysis. Plasma lipid classes were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, with triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acid (FFA) fractions analysed for FA composition by GLC. Plasma molecular species of TAG and ceramides were determined by HPLC-high-resolution MS and by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole, respectively. Irrespective of diet, plasma total lipid content was higher in cows than goats (+61%), and TAG concentration was higher in goats than cows (+157%). In cows, conversely to goats, COS increased the trans-10 C18:1 proportion in the free FA (+248%) and the TAG (+195%) fractions. In cows and goats, MAP induced increases in cholesterol esters, cholesterol and phospholipids compared to CTL and changes in the plasma free FA and FA of TAG profiles. In both ruminant species, the concentrations of the lipid fractions were unchanged by HPO compared to CTL. Our results point to species specificities and different diet effects in plasma concentrations and compositions of lipid fractions in cows and goats. These new data highlight how diets, that induce large variations in milk fat secretions, affect the plasma lipid classes available for milk fat synthesis.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Milk; Fatty Acids; Goats; Depression; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Lactation; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36459859
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100635 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2016The trimethylamine-containing nutrient phosphatidylcholine is the major dietary source for the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which has been...
BACKGROUND
The trimethylamine-containing nutrient phosphatidylcholine is the major dietary source for the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which has been related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and mortality. Previous research suggested that the relation of TMAO with CVD risk might be stronger in diabetic than in nondiabetic populations. However, the evidence for an association of dietary phosphatidylcholine with CVD and mortality is limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to examine whether dietary consumption of phosphatidylcholine, which is mainly derived from eggs, red meat, and fish, is related to all-cause and CVD mortality in 2 cohorts of US women and men. In particular, we also tested if such an association was modified by diabetes status.
DESIGN
We followed 80,978 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2012) and 39,434 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cancer and CVD at baseline, for mortality. Dietary intakes and potential confounders were assessed with regularly administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.
RESULTS
We documented 17,829 all-cause and 4359 CVD deaths during follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including demographic factors, disease status, lifestyle, and dietary intakes, higher phosphatidylcholine intakes were associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. HRs (95% CIs) comparing the top and bottom quintiles of phosphatidylcholine intake were 1.11 (1.06, 1.17; P-trend across quintiles < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality and 1.26 (1.15, 1.39; P-trend < 0.0001) for CVD mortality in the combined data of both cohorts. The associations of phosphatidylcholine with all-cause and CVD mortality were stronger in diabetic than in nondiabetic participants (P-interaction = 0.0002 and 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that higher phosphatidylcholine consumption is associated with increased all-cause and CVD mortality in the US population, especially in patients with diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 27281307
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131771 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2020Chronic stress and ageing are two of the most important factors that negatively affect cognitive processes such as learning and memory across the lifespan. To date,... (Review)
Review
Chronic stress and ageing are two of the most important factors that negatively affect cognitive processes such as learning and memory across the lifespan. To date, pharmacological agents have been insufficient in reducing the impact of both on brain health, and thus, novel therapeutic strategies are required. Recent research has focused on nutritional interventions to modify behaviour and reduce the deleterious consequences of both stress and ageing. In this context, emerging evidence indicate that phospholipids, a specific type of fat, are capable of improving a variety of cognitive processes in both animals and humans. The mechanisms underlying these positive effects are actively being investigated but as of yet are not fully elucidated. In this review, we summarise the preclinical and clinical studies available on phospholipid-based strategies for improved brain health across the lifespan. Moreover, we summarize the hypothesized direct and indirect mechanisms of action of these lipid-based interventions which may be used to promote resilience to stress and improve age-related cognitive decline in vulnerable populations.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Human Development; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Phospholipids; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31945391
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.012 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2023Berberine is a plant alkaloid known to exert positive metabolic effects. Human studies have confirmed its ability to improve the lipid and glycemic profile. This study... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Berberine phospholipid exerts a positive effect on the glycemic profile of overweight subjects with impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG): a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE
Berberine is a plant alkaloid known to exert positive metabolic effects. Human studies have confirmed its ability to improve the lipid and glycemic profile. This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of oral supplementation of Berberine PhytosomeTM (2 tablets/day, 550 mg/tablet) on the metabolic profile of subjects with impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 49 overweight subjects, 28 females and 21 males, were randomly assigned to either the supplemented group (n=24) or placebo (n=25). We considered glycemia as the primary endpoint and total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol/HLD, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), LDL/HDL, triglycerides, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), ApoA, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA, androgen suppression treatment (AST), alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as secondary endpoints. These parameters have been assessed at baseline, after 30 days, and after 60 days.
RESULTS
After two months of treatment, through the use of linear mixed effect models, a statistically significant difference between supplemented and placebo groups was observed for glycemia [β=-0.2495% C.I. (-0.47; -0.06), p=0.004], total cholesterol [β=-0.25, 95% C.I. (-0.45; -0.04), p=0.05], total cholesterol/HDL [β=-0.25, 95% C.I. (-0.43; -0.06), p=0.04], triglycerides [β=-0.14, 95% C.I. (-0.25; -0.02), p=0.05], insulin [β=-1.78, 95% C.I. (-2.87; -0.66), p=0.009], ApoB/ApoA [β=-0.08, 95% C.I. (-0.13; -03), p=0.004], Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [β=-91.50, 95% C.I. (-132.60; -48.19), p<0.0001] and fat mass [β=-945.56, 95% C.I. (-1,424.42; -441.57), p=0.004].
CONCLUSIONS
The use of berberine had no adverse events, supporting its use as a natural alternative to pharmacological therapies in the case of IFG.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Overweight; Blood Glucose; Berberine; Phospholipids; Triglycerides; Insulin; Lipoproteins, HDL; Cholesterol; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Fasting; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37522683
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_33142 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Oct 2014Previous studies have suggested that long-chain n-3 fatty acids derived from seafood are associated with a lower risk of mortality, CHD and stroke. Whether α-linolenic...
Previous studies have suggested that long-chain n-3 fatty acids derived from seafood are associated with a lower risk of mortality, CHD and stroke. Whether α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3), a plant-derived long-chain essential n-3 fatty acid, is associated with a lower risk of these outcomes is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of plasma phospholipid and dietary ALA with the risk of mortality, CHD and stroke among older adults who participated in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a cohort study of adults aged ≥ 65 years. A total of 2709 participants were included in the plasma phospholipid ALA analysis and 2583 participants were included in the dietary ALA analysis. Cox regression was used to assess the associations of plasma phospholipid and dietary ALA with the risk of mortality, incident CHD and stroke. In minimally and multivariable-adjusted models, plasma phospholipid ALA was found to be not associated with the risk of mortality, incident CHD or stroke. After adjustment for age, sex, race, enrolment site, education, smoking status, diabetes, BMI, alcohol consumption, treated hypertension and total energy intake, higher dietary ALA intake was found to be associated with a lower risk of total and non-cardiovascular mortality; on comparing the highest quintiles of dietary ALA with the lowest quintiles, the HR for total mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality were found to be 0·73 (95 % CI 0·61, 0·88) and 0·64 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·80), respectively. Dietary ALA was found to be not associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality, incident CHD or stroke. In conclusion, the results of the present suggest study that dietary ALA, but not plasma phospholipid ALA, is associated with a lower risk of total and non-cardiovascular mortality in older adults.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Mortality; Phospholipids; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stroke; United States; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 25159901
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514001925 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2017In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been... (Review)
Review
In this review paper, the latest literature on the functional properties of phospholipids in relation to inflammation and inflammation-related disorders has been critically appraised and evaluated. The paper is divided into three sections: presents an overview of the relationship between structures and biological activities (pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory) of several phospholipids with respect to inflammation. and are dedicated to the structures, functions, compositions and anti-inflammatory properties of dietary phospholipids from animal and marine sources. Most of the dietary phospholipids of animal origin come from meat, egg and dairy products. To date, there is very limited work published on meat phospholipids, undoubtedly due to the negative perception that meat consumption is an unhealthy option because of its putative associations with several chronic diseases. These assumptions are addressed with respect to the phospholipid composition of meat products. Recent research trends indicate that dairy phospholipids possess anti-inflammatory properties, which has led to an increased interest into their molecular structures and reputed health benefits. Finally, the structural composition of phospholipids of marine origin is discussed. Extensive research has been published in relation to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and inflammation, however this research has recently come under scrutiny and has proved to be unreliable and controversial in terms of the therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFA, which are generally in the form of triglycerides and esters. Therefore, this review focuses on recent publications concerning marine phospholipids and their structural composition and related health benefits. Finally, the strong nutritional value of dietary phospholipids are highlighted with respect to marine and animal origin and avenues for future research are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Dairy Products; Inflammation Mediators; Meat; Phospholipids; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29135918
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111964 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Feb 2015Geographically the prevalence of duodenal ulceration is related to the staple foods in the diet in regions of developing countries where the diet is stable. It is higher... (Review)
Review
Geographically the prevalence of duodenal ulceration is related to the staple foods in the diet in regions of developing countries where the diet is stable. It is higher in regions where the diet is based on milled rice, refined wheat or maize, yams, cassava, sweet potato, or green bananas, and is lower in regions where the staple diet is based on unrefined wheat or maize, soya, certain millets or certain pulses. Experiments on rat gastric and duodenal ulcer models showed that it was the lipid fraction in staple foods from low prevalence areas that was protective against both gastric and duodenal ulceration, including ulceration due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It also promoted ulcer healing. The lipid from the pulse, Dolichos biflorus, horse gram which was highly protective was used to identify the fractions with protective activity in the lipid. The protective activity lay in the phospholipid, sterol and sterol ester fractions. In the phospholipid fraction phosphatidyl choline (lethicin) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (cephalin) were predominant. In the sterol fraction the sub-fractions showing protective activity contained β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and an unidentified isomer of β-sitosterol. The evidence from animal models shows that certain dietary phospholipids and phytosterols have a protective action against gastroduodenal ulceration, both singly and in combination. This supports the protective role of staple diets in areas of low duodenal ulcer prevalence and may prove to be of importance in the prevention and treatment of duodenal ulceration and management of recurrent ulcers. A combination of phospholipids and phytosterols could also play an important role in protection against ulceration due to NSAIDs.
Topics: Animals; Cytoprotection; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenal Ulcer; Duodenum; Gastric Mucosa; Phospholipids; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Rats; Stomach; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 25663757
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1377 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Aug 2016Skeletal muscle mitochondria are highly dynamic and are capable of tremendous expansion to meet cellular energetic demands. Such proliferation in mitochondrial mass... (Review)
Review
Skeletal muscle mitochondria are highly dynamic and are capable of tremendous expansion to meet cellular energetic demands. Such proliferation in mitochondrial mass requires a synchronized supply of enzymes and structural phospholipids. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial enzymes has been extensively studied, there is limited information on how mitochondrial membrane lipids are generated in skeletal muscle. Herein we describe how each class of phospholipids that constitute mitochondrial membranes are synthesized and/or imported, and summarize genetic evidence indicating that membrane phospholipid composition represents a significant modulator of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. We also discuss how skeletal muscle mitochondrial phospholipids may mediate the effect of diet and exercise on oxidative metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Membrane Lipids; Mitochondria, Muscle; Mitochondrial Membranes; Muscle, Skeletal; Phospholipids
PubMed: 27370525
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.05.007