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World Journal of Orthopedics Dec 2019Trigger digit is a common disorder of the hand associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery may be a risk factor for trigger digit...
BACKGROUND
Trigger digit is a common disorder of the hand associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery may be a risk factor for trigger digit development; however, the association between surgical approach to CTR and postoperative trigger digit is equivocal.
AIM
To investigate patient risk factors for trigger digit development following either open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) or endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR).
METHODS
This retrospective chart analysis evaluated 967 CTR procedures from 694 patients for the development of postoperative trigger digit. Patients were stratified according to the technique utilized for their CTR, either open or endoscopic. The development of postoperative trigger digit was evaluated at three time points: within 6 mo following CTR, between 6 mo and 12 mo following CTR, and after 12 mo following CTR. Firth's penalized likelihood logistic regression was conducted to evaluate sociodemographic and patient comorbidities as potential independent risk factors for trigger digit. Secondary regression models were conducted within each surgical group to reveal any potential interaction effects between surgical approach and patient risk factors for the development of postoperative trigger digit.
RESULTS
A total of 47 hands developed postoperative trigger digit following 967 CTR procedures (4.9%). In total, 64 digits experienced postoperative triggering. The long finger was most commonly affected. There was no significant difference between the open and endoscopic groups for trigger digit development at all three time points following CTR. Furthermore, there were no significant independent risk factors for postoperative trigger digit; however, within group analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between gender and surgical approach ( = 0.008). Females were more likely to develop postoperative trigger digit than males after OCTR(OR = 3.992), but were less likely to develop postoperative trigger digit than males after ECTR (OR = 0.489).
CONCLUSION
Patient comorbidities do not influence the development of trigger digit following CTR. Markedly, gender differences for postoperative trigger digit may depend on surgical approach to CTR.
PubMed: 31908994
DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i12.454 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2017Congenital thumb anomalies are common and have a major impact given the specific functional role of the thumb. They may occur alone or as part of a multiple congenital... (Review)
Review
Congenital thumb anomalies are common and have a major impact given the specific functional role of the thumb. They may occur alone or as part of a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. The primary goal of surgical management is to improve or restore pincer grip. In patients with 'congenital' trigger thumb, the A1 pulley must be released if the interphalangeal joint remains in fixed flexion. Thumb duplication is generally managed by reconstruction of the thumb from the predominant (ulnar-based) digit; the accessory (radial-based) digit is excised after collection of its tissue components needed for the reconstruction programme. Thumb aplasia requires pollicisation of the index finger by island flap transfer of the second ray to give it the shape, position, and function of a thumb. Among patterns of digital hypoplasia, some require reconstruction of the existing thumb and others excision of the rudimentary thumb followed by pollicisation. In patients with aplasia of multiple hand digits, a toe transfer may be considered when there is no natural tendency to develop digital prehension at the hand.
Topics: Child; Child Health Services; Hand Deformities, Congenital; Humans; Osteotomy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Thumb
PubMed: 27940039
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.04.016 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022High right minus left (R-L) asymmetry of digit ratios has been reported to be linked to hospitalization for COVID-19. Here we examined the developmental patterns of this...
High right minus left (R-L) asymmetry of digit ratios has been reported to be linked to hospitalization for COVID-19. Here we examined the developmental patterns of this novel form of asymmetry in children and further explored their relationships to platelet counts and hospitalization for COVID-19 in adult patients. We considered ratios calculated from four digits (2D, 3D, 4D, 5D) in: (i) a sample of healthy participants aged 2 years to 18 years ( = 680, 340 males) and (ii) 96 adult patients (42 males) hospitalized for COVID-19 and 100 controls (53 males). The protocol for (ii) included a questionnaire and laboratory test results. In sample (i) of the six unsigned digit ratio asymmetries, those which included 5D had the highest mean asymmetry with the greatest between-individual variation and they were unstable over the age range of 2 years to 18 years. In sample (ii) patients showed higher asymmetries than controls in four ratios (2D:4D, 2D:5D, 3D:5D, 4D:5D) and a sum of asymmetries of the two independent ratios (2D:4D+3D:5D) correlated positively with platelet counts and hospitalization. Conclusion: Means and SDs of digit ratio asymmetry that include the 5th digit are high and age-unstable. Digit ratio asymmetry, particularly 5th digit ratio asymmetry and a composite measure of 2D:4D + 3D:5D asymmetry, may be positively linked to high platelet counts in COVID-19 patients and to an elevated risk of hospitalization.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Fingers; Platelet Count; Digit Ratios; COVID-19; Sex Characteristics; Hospitalization
PubMed: 36311570
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.995025 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2018Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated digit somatotopy in primary somatosensory cortex (SI), and even shown that at high...
Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated digit somatotopy in primary somatosensory cortex (SI), and even shown that at high spatial resolution it is possible to resolve within-digit somatotopy. However, fMRI studies have failed to resolve the spatial organisation of digit representations in secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). One of the major limitations of high spatial resolution fMRI studies of the somatosensory system has been the long acquisition time needed to acquire slices spanning both SI and SII. Here, we exploit the increased blood oxygenation level dependent contrast of ultra-high-field (7 Tesla) fMRI and the use of multiband imaging to study the topographic organisation in SI and SII with high spatial resolution at the individual subject level. A total of = 6 subjects underwent vibrotactile stimulation of their face, hand digits and foot (body imaging) and their individual hand digits (digit mapping) for each left and right sides of the body. In addition, = 2 subjects participated only in the body imaging experiment on both their left and right sides. We show an orderly representation of the face, hand digits and foot in contralateral primary cortex in each individual subject. In SII, there is clear separation of the body areas of the face, hand and foot but the spatial organisation varies across individual subjects. However, separate representation of the individual digits of the hand in SII could not be resolved, even at the spatial resolution of 1.5 mm due to largely overlapping representations.
PubMed: 29950980
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00235 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2023models allow for the study of developmental processes outside of the embryo. To gain access to the cells mediating digit and joint development, we identified a unique...
models allow for the study of developmental processes outside of the embryo. To gain access to the cells mediating digit and joint development, we identified a unique property of undifferentiated mesenchyme isolated from the distal early autopod to autonomously re-assemble forming multiple autopod structures including: digits, interdigital tissues, joints, muscles and tendons. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of these developing structures revealed distinct cell clusters that express canonical markers of distal limb development including: , , and (phalanx formation), and (perichondrium), , , and (joint interzone), and (interdigital tissues), (muscle progenitors), (articular perichondrium/articular cartilage), and and (tenocytes/tendons). Analysis of the gene expression patterns for these signature genes indicates that developmental timing and tissue-specific localization were also recapitulated in a manner similar to the initiation and maturation of the developing murine autopod. Finally, the digit system also recapitulates congenital malformations associated with genetic mutations as cultures of mutant mesenchyme produced defects present in mutant autopods including digit fusions, reduced phalangeal segment numbers, and poor mesenchymal condensation. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the digit system to recapitulate digit and joint development. As an model of murine digit and joint development, this innovative system will provide access to the developing limb tissues facilitating studies to discern how digit and articular joint formation is initiated and how undifferentiated mesenchyme is patterned to establish individual digit morphologies. The digit system also provides a platform to rapidly evaluate treatments aimed at stimulating the repair or regeneration of mammalian digits impacted by congenital malformation, injury, or disease.
PubMed: 36994104
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1135025 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Many tasks that require a large workforce are automated. In many areas of the world, the consumption of utilities, such as electricity, gas and water, is monitored by...
Many tasks that require a large workforce are automated. In many areas of the world, the consumption of utilities, such as electricity, gas and water, is monitored by meters that need to be read by humans. The reading of such meters requires the presence of an employee or a representative of the utility provider. Automatic meter reading is crucial in the implementation of smart grids. For this reason, with the aim to boost the implementation of the smart grid paradigm, in this paper, we propose a method aimed to automatically read digits from a dial meter. In detail, the proposed method aims to localise the dial meter from an image, to detect the digits and to classify the digits. Deep learning is exploited, and, in particular, the YOLOv5s model is considered for the localisation of digits and for their recognition. An experimental real-world case study is presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for automatic digit localisation recognition from dial meters.
Topics: Humans; Computer Systems; Electricity
PubMed: 36616673
DOI: 10.3390/s23010075 -
Temperature (Austin, Tex.) 2023The fingers have a large surface area to volume ratio (SA:V), minimal muscle mass, and potent vasoconstrictor capacity. These qualities make the fingers prone to heat...
The fingers have a large surface area to volume ratio (SA:V), minimal muscle mass, and potent vasoconstrictor capacity. These qualities make the fingers prone to heat loss and freezing injuries during whole-body or local cold exposure. Anthropologists have proposed that the large inter-individual variability in human finger anthropometrics may be an ecogeographic evolutionary adaptation, where shorter and thicker digits (i.e. smaller SA:V ratio) provide a favorable adaptation for cold climate natives. We hypothesized that the SA:V ratio of a digit has an inverse relationship with finger blood flux and finger temperature (T) during cooling and rewarming from cold. Fifteen healthy adults with no or limited cold experiment experience performed 10 min of baseline immersion in warm water (35.0 ± 0.1°C), 30 min in cold water (8.4 ± 0.2°C), and a final 10 min of rewarming in ambient air (~22°C, ~40% relative humidity). T and finger blood flux were measured continuously across multiple digits per participant. Average T (p = 0.05; R = 0.06) and area under the curve for T (p = 0.05; R = 0.07) during hand cooling showed significant, negative correlations to digit SA:V ratio. There was no relationship between digit SA:V ratio and blood flux (i.e. average blood flux and AUC) during cooling as well as between SA:V ratio and digit temperature (i.e. average T and AUC) or blood flux (i.e. average blood flux and AUC) during rewarming. Overall, digit anthropometrics do not appear to play a dominant role in extremity cold response.
PubMed: 37332307
DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2091901 -
Stem Cells International 2019Over the past several decades there has been a profound increase in the understanding of tissue regeneration, driven largely by the observance of the tremendous... (Review)
Review
Over the past several decades there has been a profound increase in the understanding of tissue regeneration, driven largely by the observance of the tremendous regenerative capacity in lower order life forms, such as hydra and urodeles. However, it is known that humans and other mammals retain the ability to regenerate the distal phalanges of the digits after amputation. Despite the increased knowledge base on model organisms regarding regenerative paradigms, there is a lack of application of regenerative medicine techniques in clinical practice in regard to digit tip injury. Here, we review the current understanding of digit tip regeneration and discuss gaps that remain in translating regenerative medicine into clinical treatment of digit amputation.
PubMed: 30805012
DOI: 10.1155/2019/9619080 -
Memory & Cognition Nov 2022A robust left digit effect arises in number line estimation such that adults' estimates for numerals with different hundreds place digits but nearly identical magnitudes...
A robust left digit effect arises in number line estimation such that adults' estimates for numerals with different hundreds place digits but nearly identical magnitudes are systematically different from one another (e.g., 299 is placed too far to the left of 302). In two experiments, we investigate whether brief feedback interventions designed to increase task effort can reduce or eliminate the left digit effect in a self-paced 0-1,000 number line estimation task. Participants were assigned to complete three blocks of 120 trials each where the middle block contained feedback or no feedback. Feedback was in the form of summary accuracy scores (Experiment 1; N = 153) or competitive (summary) accuracy scores (Experiment 2; N = 145). In both experiments, planned analyses revealed large left digit effects in all blocks regardless of feedback condition. Feedback did not lead to a reduction in the left digit effect in either experiment, but improvements in overall accuracy were observed. We conclude that there are no changes in the left digit effect resulting from either summary accuracy feedback or competitive accuracy feedback. Also reported are exploratory analyses of trial characteristics (e.g., whether 299 is presented before or after 302) and the left digit effect.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mathematics; Cognition
PubMed: 35218004
DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01278-2 -
Trends in Hearing 2022Effective communication requires good speech perception abilities. Speech perception can be assessed with behavioral and electrophysiological methods. Relating these two...
Effective communication requires good speech perception abilities. Speech perception can be assessed with behavioral and electrophysiological methods. Relating these two types of measures to each other can provide a basis for new clinical tests. In audiological practice, speech detection and discrimination are routinely assessed, whereas comprehension-related aspects are ignored. The current study compared behavioral and electrophysiological measures of speech detection, discrimination, and comprehension. Thirty young normal-hearing native Danish speakers participated. All measurements were carried out with digits and stationary speech-shaped noise as the stimuli. The behavioral measures included speech detection thresholds (SDTs), speech recognition thresholds (SRTs), and speech comprehension scores (i.e., response times). For the electrophysiological measures, multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were performed. N100 and P300 responses were evoked using an active auditory oddball paradigm. N400 and Late Positive Complex (LPC) responses were evoked using a paradigm based on congruent and incongruent digit triplets, with the digits presented either all acoustically or first visually (digits 1-2) and then acoustically (digit 3). While no correlations between the SDTs and SRTs and the N100 and P300 responses were found, the response times were correlated with the EEG responses to the congruent and incongruent triplets. Furthermore, significant differences between the response times (but not EEG responses) obtained with auditory and visual-then-auditory stimulus presentation were observed. This pattern of results could reflect a faster recall mechanism when the first two digits are presented visually rather than acoustically. The visual-then-auditory condition may facilitate the assessment of comprehension-related processes in hard-of-hearing individuals.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Speech; Comprehension; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Speech Perception
PubMed: 36423251
DOI: 10.1177/23312165221139733