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Deutsches Arzteblatt International Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Conflict of Interest; Disclosure
PubMed: 37970670
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0197 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Jun 2024Transnational companies have substantive impacts on nature: a hallmark of living in the Anthropocene. Understanding these impacts through company provision of...
Transnational companies have substantive impacts on nature: a hallmark of living in the Anthropocene. Understanding these impacts through company provision of information is a precursor to holding them accountable for nature outcomes. The effect of increasing disclosures (of varying quality) is predicated on 'information governance', an approach that uses disclosure requirements to drive company behaviour. However, its efficacy is not guaranteed. We argue that three conditions are required before disclosures have the possibility to shape nature outcomes, namely: (1) radical traceability that links company actions to outcomes in particular settings; (2) developing organizational routines, tools and approaches that translate strategic intent to on-the-ground behaviour; and (3) mobilizing and aligning financial actors with corporate nature ambitions. While disclosure is key to each of these conditions, its limits must be taken into account and it must be nested in governance approaches that shape action, not just reporting. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bringing nature into decision-making'.
Topics: Conservation of Natural Resources; Humans; Disclosure; Nature; Commerce; Decision Making
PubMed: 38643791
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0325 -
PloS One 2023With the increasing attention of the capital market to environmental, social and governance information, sustainability reporting has become an important carrier for...
With the increasing attention of the capital market to environmental, social and governance information, sustainability reporting has become an important carrier for stakeholders to gain insight into sustainability of companies. But the emerged "greenwashing" problem has also brought haze to the value creation of capital market. To study the consequences of the pseudo-social responsibility behavior of "greenwashing", this paper takes China's listed companies as the research sample to empirically examine the relationship between sustainability reporting "greenwashing" and "shared value" creation. It is found that the "greenwashing" behavior of corporate sustainability reporting significantly reduces the "shared value" creation, while the degree of sustainability information asymmetry and the quality of information disclosure play a partial mediation role between them. Further analysis shows that the more effective internal control of a company and the greater pressure of external media supervision, the more conducive to weaken the negative impact of "greenwashing" on "shared value" creation. This paper enriches the literature on the economic consequences of "greenwashing" in sustainability disclosure and the influencing factors of "shared value" creation, extends the research on information disclosure and "shared value" from financial information to non-financial information. The results call for the state to promote legislative work, formulate unified standards and compress the "greenwashing" gray space; Governments could implement mandatory disclosure, implement independent authentication and strengthen "greenwashing" social supervision; Companies should strengthen capacity building and improve the "greenwashing" governance mechanism with the help of digital empowerment.
Topics: Social Responsibility; Organizations; Social Behavior; Government; Disclosure; China
PubMed: 36652406
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279904 -
Science and Engineering Ethics Jan 2024A retraction notice is a formal announcement for the removal of a paper from the literature, which is a weighty matter. Xu et al. (Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(4),... (Review)
Review
A retraction notice is a formal announcement for the removal of a paper from the literature, which is a weighty matter. Xu et al. (Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(4), 25 2023) reported that 73.7% of retraction notices indexed by the Web of Science (1927-2019) provided no information about institutional investigations that may have led to the retractions, and recommended that Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) retraction guidelines should make it mandatory to disclose institutional investigations leading to retractions in such notices. While this recommendation would add to the transparency of the retraction process, a blanket mandate as such could be potentially problematic. For research misconduct (RM)-positive cases, a mandatory investigative disclosure may be abused by some to deflect responsibility. More importantly, a mandatory disclosure could harm authors and institutions in RM-negative cases (i.e. those stemming from honest errors with no misconduct). I illustrate with case vignettes the potential epistemic injustice and confusion that a mandate for investigation disclosure in retraction notices could incur, and suggest a more nuanced approach to its implementation.
Topics: Disclosure; Engineering; Ethics Committees; Scientific Misconduct
PubMed: 38261088
DOI: 10.1007/s11948-024-00468-2 -
Reproductive Health Dec 2019Domestic violence is common public health problem. Domestic violence related disclosure is an important first step in the process of prevention, control and treatments... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence is common public health problem. Domestic violence related disclosure is an important first step in the process of prevention, control and treatments of domestic violence related adverse effect. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of domestic violence related disclosure and synthesize its associated factors.
METHODS
We followed the PRISMA Guidelines to report the results of the finding. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Sciences were searched. The heterogeneity between studies was measured by the index of heterogeneity (I statistics) test. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to determine publication bias. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was carried out. To calculate the pooled prevalence, a random effects model was utilized.
RESULTS
Twenty one eligible studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of domestic violence related non-disclosure was found to be 36.2% (95% CI, 31.8-40.5%). Considering violence as normal or not serious, shame, embarrassment and fear of disclosure related consequences were the common barriers for non-disclosure.
CONCLUSION
More than one third of women and girls were not disclosed their experience of domestic violence. The finding of this study suggests the need of evaluation and strengthening of the collaborative work among different sectors such as: policy-makers, service providers, administrative personnel and community leaders including the engagement of men partner. This study also suggests the needs of women empowerments against the traditional belief, attitude, and practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Disclosure; Domestic Violence; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Sexual Partners
PubMed: 31870388
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0845-z -
PloS One 2022Excessive self-disclosure online may risk the reputations, mental health problems, and professional lives of nursing students. This study investigated nursing students'...
BACKGROUND
Excessive self-disclosure online may risk the reputations, mental health problems, and professional lives of nursing students. This study investigated nursing students' usage of social media, their attitudes towards social media, mental health problems and self-disclosures, and the relationships of these variables.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted online (n = 1054) with questionnaires of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), Social Media Fatigue (SMF), Students' Uses and Views of Social Media (SUVSM) and self-disclosure in social media which included self-information shown on social media and information viewed by others.
RESULTS
Although most of them held positive attitudes towards social media, 17.4% of the participants acknowledged that they had posted inappropriate contents online and 37.6% witnessed improper posts from schoolmates or teachers online. SMF was affected by familiar with relevant regulations on the social media usage (β = -.10, p < .001), FoMO (β = .41, p < .001), and SUVSM (β = .17, p < .001). Additionally, nearly 1/3 participants reported their net-friends could view following information: gender, age, occupation, education level and location. Self- disclosure in social media was positively influenced by education (β = .10, p < .001), sharing moments or Weibo, etc. (β = .009, P = 0.009), time spent on social media daily (β = .11, p < .001), accepting stranger's "friend request" (β = .06, P = 0.047), FoMO (β = .14, p < .001) and SMF (β = .19, p < .001). Furthermore, effect of SUVSM on self-disclosure in social media was mediated by FoMO and SMF.
CONCLUSION
Inappropriate contents are posted and witnessed by appreciable proportions of nursing students. Positive attitude towards social media may strengthen FoMO and SMF, which may increase self-disclosure in social media in turn.
Topics: Humans; Social Media; Students, Nursing; Motivation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mental Health; Disclosure; East Asian People; Attitude
PubMed: 36516148
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277674 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Apr 2023Do the attachment-related dimensions Anxiety and Avoidance and perceived partner and social support in recipients and donors influence disclosure to others about their...
STUDY QUESTION
Do the attachment-related dimensions Anxiety and Avoidance and perceived partner and social support in recipients and donors influence disclosure to others about their involvement in donor-assisted conception (DAC)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
A higher global score on attachment Avoidance was associated with greater non-disclosure about involvement in DAC by participants to relationship-specific others.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Within the context of DAC, the topic of disclosure has been investigated in terms of the 'if', 'when', and the 'how' to disclose about circumstances of conception. Less focus, however, has been directed to investigating psychological theoretical frameworks that influence disclosure decisions to others, i.e. to whom information is disclosed and to what extent details are transparently revealed about the donor programme.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
The study was of a cross-sectional design and utilized a sample of 301 participants who were, or had been, involved in DAC, and were recruited across states of Australia. An online self-report questionnaire was completed between June 2014 and June 2017.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
English speaking participants consisting of 209 female recipients and 92 donors (36 sperm; 48 egg; 8 embryo donors). Of the recipients, 104 had successfully conceived children via donated gametes (68 sperm, 23 eggs, 6 embryos, and 7 recipients where both gametes were donated from 2 donors to create the embryo). Participants anonymously completed an online questionnaire consisting of five sections: Demographics, Donor Conception and Disclosure Practices, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationships Structure, the Quality of Relationship Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson correlations, independent samples t-tests, Chi-square, and ANOVA were used to explore the association between attachment Anxiety and Avoidance scores and disclosure about involvement in a DAC programme to significant others (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and friends).
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Compared to published community cohort data, participants reported lower global scores on attachment Anxiety and Avoidance and high levels of romantic partner and social network support, suggestive of secure relationships in the overall study sample. A higher score on attachment Avoidance was associated with less disclosure to significant others in their social network (i.e. parents, siblings, in-laws, and close friends), even in the presence of strong partner support (partial r = -0.248, P = 0.005). Higher scores on attachment Avoidance were inversely associated with level of perceived partner and social network support (all P < 0.05). Irrespective of attachment scores, more than 90% of all participants agreed that a child born of DAC should be told about mode of conception.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study utilized a cross-sectional design precluding causal inferences between dimensions of insecure attachment and disclosure practices. Participants were required to self-report on the quality of their relationships with the potential for social desirability respondent bias. The study's self-selecting sample may limit generalization to participants who were dis-inclined to participate. Specifically, respondents who have an Avoidant attachment style, may have elected not to participate in the study.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Given the increased use of biotechnology and digital facial recognition enabling self-discovery of the donor and the donor's extended family, non-disclosure about involvement in DAC may have consequences. An 'Avoidant' attachment style is important to assess as a potential risk factor for non-disclosure about involvement in DAC across different relational contexts (e.g. close family members and friends). Fertility counsellors should consider introducing a measure of attachment screening as a pre-emptive psychoeducational strategy during donor implications counselling. This information could be used to offer patients insight into concerns they have about DAC disclosures to key important relationships, providing a target of clinical intervention.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
No external funds were sought for this work. None of the authors have any competing interests to declare.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Female; Donor Conception; Cross-Sectional Studies; Friends; Semen; Disclosure
PubMed: 36737051
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead019 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Oct 2020Individuals who choose to obtain genetic information may learn that their genetic profile confers health risks to themselves or offspring. Individuals may react more...
RATIONALE
Individuals who choose to obtain genetic information may learn that their genetic profile confers health risks to themselves or offspring. Individuals may react more negatively to this information when personal attitudes, perceived norms, and/or the decision to receive results conflict with one another.
OBJECTIVE
We predicted that holding more negative attitudes (personal evaluations) or injunctive norms (perceptions of others' approval) toward obtaining genetic test results would prospectively predict greater conflict about the decision to undergo sequencing and less disclosure of sequencing results to family members. We also expected attitudes and norms to interact, such that attitudes would be negatively associated with decisional conflict and positively associated with disclosure when injunctive norms were positive, but weakly associated with outcomes when injunctive norms were negative.
METHOD
Participants (N=312) were enrolled in a genomic sequencing trial focused on identifying carrier genetic variants, reflecting a variant that might affect their biological children's or grandchildren's health. Participants reported attitudes and injunctive norms, underwent sequencing, and later received results indicating carrier status for at least one variant. Decisional conflict was assessed at immediate post-test, and 1- and 6-month follow-ups. Disclosure of results to children and siblings were assessed at 1 and 6 months.
RESULTS
In structural equation models with covariates, attitudes were negatively associated with post-test and 1-month decisional conflict. Injunctive norms were negatively associated with decisional conflict at 1 and 6 months and positively associated with disclosure to children and siblings at 1 month. The significant attitudes by injunctive norms interaction predicting post-test decisional conflict supported lower decisional conflict when attitudes, norms, and the decision to receive results were all aligned. Exploratory analyses supported indirect effects of attitudes and norms on 6-month sibling disclosure via 1- month decisional conflict.
CONCLUSION
Results support roles of psychosocial factors in decisional conflict and disclosure after receiving sequencing results.
Topics: Attitude; Child; Disclosure; Humans; Learning
PubMed: 32624263
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113147 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Mar 2021The purpose of this study was to describe whether adolescent and young adult patients truthfully disclose sexual activity to providers during a sexual history and...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to describe whether adolescent and young adult patients truthfully disclose sexual activity to providers during a sexual history and explore associations between disclosure and receipt of recommended services.
METHODS
Data from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior were used to describe self-reported disclsoure of sexually active 14- to 24-year-olds who had a health care visit in the previous year where a sexual history was taken (n = 196). We examined bivariate associations between disclosure and age, race/ethnicity, sex, sexual identity, and receipt of sexual health services.
RESULTS
Most (88%) respondents reported telling their provider the truth about sexual activity. A higher proportion of the younger adolescents (14- to 17-year-olds) did not disclose compared with the 18- to 24-year-old respondents (25.4% vs 3.9%; p < .001). A higher proportion of patients who disclosed reported having a sexually transmitted disease test (69.6% vs 26.7%; p < .001); being offered a sexually transmitted disease test (44.3% vs 4.5%; p < .001); and being asked by providers about number of partners (54.3% vs 15.4%; p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS
Most young patients disclose their sexual history to their provider, but younger patients might be less likely to do so. Positive patient-provider relationships may encourage disclosure of sexual activity and support receipt of indicated sexual and reproductive health services.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Disclosure; Health Personnel; Humans; Reproductive Health Services; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Health; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Truth Disclosure; Young Adult
PubMed: 32807593
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.005 -
JMIR MHealth and UHealth Mar 2019Disclosure is a difficult but important process for victims of child maltreatment. There is limited research on child maltreatment disclosure. Young people have been...
BACKGROUND
Disclosure is a difficult but important process for victims of child maltreatment. There is limited research on child maltreatment disclosure. Young people have been reluctant to disclose victimization to adults, but short message service (SMS) crisis services may represent one novel method of engaging young people around sensitive topics.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of child maltreatment disclosure to an SMS-based crisis service.
METHODS
We conducted a content analysis of all conversations (N=244) that resulted in a mandatory report by an SMS-based crisis service between October 2015 and July 2017. We coded characteristics of the disclosure process, including the reason for initial contact, phrase used to disclose abuse, perpetrator, type of abuse, and length of victimization. After identifying terms used by young people to disclose child abuse, we randomly selected and analyzed 50 conversations using those terms to determine if use of the terms differed between conversations that did and did not result in mandatory report.
RESULTS
Parents were the most common perpetrator. Physical abuse was the most common form of abuse discussed in the initial abuse disclosure (106/244, 43.4%), followed by psychological abuse (83/244, 34.0%), sexual abuse (38/244, 15.6%), and neglect (15/244, 6.1%). More than half of the texters discussed abuse or other significant family issues in the first message. An explicit description of the experience or definite language, such as abuse, rape, and molested, was common in disclosures.
CONCLUSIONS
Early disclosure, combined with explicit language, may suggest at least a portion of young victims are actively seeking safe ways to talk about their experiences with abuse, rather than incidentally sharing experiences while seeking support for other issues. SMS text messaging may be a valuable way to engage with young people around sensitive topics, but these approaches will require careful consideration in their development, implementation, and evaluation to ensure a positive experience for young people.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Crime Victims; Crisis Intervention; Female; Humans; Male; Mandatory Reporting; Text Messaging; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 30907745
DOI: 10.2196/11306