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Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2024Misinformation poses a significant concern, promoting false beliefs and eroding trust in media. People differ in their susceptibility to believe and to share... (Review)
Review
Misinformation poses a significant concern, promoting false beliefs and eroding trust in media. People differ in their susceptibility to believe and to share misinformation. In this article, we reviewed recent research on relationships between personality traits and belief in and sharing of misinformation. Findings show that more extroverted and less conscientious and agreeable people tend to be more susceptible to believing in and sharing misinformation. Additionally, the Dark Triad personality traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism tend to be positively associated with sharing of misinformation, and narcissism and psychopathy are associated with greater belief in misinformation. Understanding these individual differences can inform interventions to reduce the effects of misinformation.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Machiavellianism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Narcissism; Disease Susceptibility
PubMed: 38065004
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101752 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Alarmins; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Homeostasis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Plant Diseases; Plant Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 35178047
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.844315 -
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology :... Mar 2021While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males... (Review)
Review
While clinical characteristics exhibit that susceptibility to COVID-19 infection is equally likely between males and females, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females. This review examines the evidence for these sex and gender differences and aims to illustrate possible mechanisms behind such sensitivity. Successful entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the body is dependent on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, sex-based differences in the expression of the ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 may explain the disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality. Furthermore, these disparities may also be attributed to sex-based difference in immunological responses. Finally, the differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections between men and women may be due to gendered differences in behaviors, such as smoking, and prevalence to comorbidities. An understanding of the sex and gender sensitivities of COVID-19 infection is a necessary component towards the creation of effective treatment options and therapies for the virus. Graphical abstract.
Topics: COVID-19; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Gender Identity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33405098
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2021Sepsis is one of the most common complications and causes of death in patients with Alcohol-related Liver Disease. This narrative review will focus on several aspects of... (Review)
Review
Sepsis is one of the most common complications and causes of death in patients with Alcohol-related Liver Disease. This narrative review will focus on several aspects of sepsis in the context of Alcohol-related Liver Disease. The pathophysiology of the increased susceptibility to infections consists mainly of impaired innate and adaptive immunity, changes in gut microbiota with consequent gut translocation of bacteria due to both alcohol abuse and the underlying liver disease. The diagnosis of sepsis in the context of Alcohol-related Liver Disease is challenging. Moreover, the use of classical acute-phase serum proteins (e.g., C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) has several limitations in this setting. The early administration of an adequate antibiotic treatment is pivotal. Finally, measures of infection control and prevention are needed because the prognosis of sepsis in patients affected by Alcohol-related Liver Disease is poor.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Procalcitonin; Prognosis; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34286499
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202107_26249 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Gastropods (class Gastropoda) form the largest of the classes in the phylum Mollusca and inhabit terrestrial, fresh water and marine environments. A large number of... (Review)
Review
Gastropods (class Gastropoda) form the largest of the classes in the phylum Mollusca and inhabit terrestrial, fresh water and marine environments. A large number of these species are of major conservation importance and are an essential component of ecosystems. Gastropods may be deemed as pests, having a negative impact in horticulture and agriculture, whereas others may be used as a food source for human consumption and therefore are beneficial. Gastropods are susceptible to primary diseases and also act as intermediate hosts for diseases which affect other animals, including humans. The diseases described include two that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): and Abalone viral ganglioneuritis caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1). Research into the diseases of gastropods has often focused on those species that act as intermediate disease hosts, those that are used in research or those cultured for food. In this paper we review the viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and miscellaneous conditions that have been reported in gastropods and mention some of the factors that appear to predispose them to disease. The pathogenicity of a number of these conditions has not been fully ascertained and more research is needed into specifying both the etiological agent and significance in some of the diseases reported.
Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Disease Susceptibility; Gastropoda; Host-Parasite Interactions; Host-Pathogen Interactions
PubMed: 35095886
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802920 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Alarmins; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Susceptibility; Erythrocytes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hemolysis; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators
PubMed: 35095935
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.834527 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Africa; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 35087535
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816257 -
Immunity Oct 2021The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a devastating... (Review)
Review
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a devastating pandemic worldwide. Here, we explain basic concepts underlying the transition from an epidemic to an endemic state, where a pathogen is stably maintained in a population. We discuss how the number of infections and the severity of disease change in the transition from the epidemic to the endemic phase and consider the implications of this transition in the context of COVID-19.
Topics: COVID-19; Disease Susceptibility; Endemic Diseases; Epidemics; Humans; Immunity; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Vaccination
PubMed: 34626549
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.019 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Sepsis
PubMed: 32655563
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01263 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Aug 2021We surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)... (Review)
Review
We surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in SCD patients. COVID-19 presentation was mild in children and moderate in many SCD adults. Regarding increased comorbidities with age, it seems severe COVID-19 to be more common in older SCD patients. Although the overall outcome of COVID-19 was favorable in SCD children, a high rate of pediatric intensive care unit admission should be considered in managing these patients. To explain COVID-19 outcome in SCD patients, the possible benefits of hydroxyurea therapy could be considered. The obtained results should be interpreted, considering low cases from sub-Saharan people, younger age of SCD patients compared to general population, a bias toward registry of the more severe form of disease, the effect of pre-existing comorbidities with multisystem organ damage, and the role of health socio-economic determinants.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Sickle Cell; COVID-19; Child; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34061431
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29075