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Frontiers in Immunology 2021
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunity; Neoplasms
PubMed: 34675944
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775101 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2020"Shanghuo", a concept based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, describes a status of Yin-Yang imbalance when Yang overwhelms Yin. The imbalance of Yin-Yang... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
"Shanghuo", a concept based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, describes a status of Yin-Yang imbalance when Yang overwhelms Yin. The imbalance of Yin-Yang resembles the breaking of homeostasis and manifests by the impaired physiological functions, which leads to the onset, recurrence, and progression of diseases. Since ancient times, Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), such as herbal tea, has been applied as a treatment for "Shanghuo".
AIM OF THE STUDY
This review is aimed to describe the origin of "Shanghuo" from the Yin-Yang theory in TCM, as well as explore the relevance and correlations between "Shanghuo" and diseases susceptibility from the perspective of modern medicine. We also propose several strategies from CMM to improve the status of "Shanghuo" for the purpose of treating diseases.
METHODS
Systematic research of articles with keywords including Shanghuo, Yin-Yang, emotional stress and disease susceptibility was done by using the literature databases (Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, CNKI). Related books, PhD and master's dissertations were also researched. Full scientific plant names were validated by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org).
RESULTS
To date, a large number of publications have reported research on sub-health status, but studies about the theory or intervention of "Shanghuo" are rarely found. The articles we reviewed indicate that accumulated emotional stress is critical for the cause of "Shanghuo". As a status similar to sub-health, "Shanghuo" is also manifested by impaired physiological functions and decreased nonspecific resistance, which increase susceptibility to various diseases. What's more, some studies highlight the importance of TCM treatment towards "Shanghuo" in maintaining normal physiological functions, such as immunity, lipid metabolism and ROS clearance.
CONCLUSIONS
Researches on "Shanghuo" and its mechanism are every rare currently and are in need of investigation in the future. Studies on disease susceptibility recently are mostly about susceptible genes that relate to a few parts of people, however, for most of the people, accumulated emotional stress or other stressors is accountable for the susceptibility of diseases. Given that emotional stress plays an important factor in the causation of "Shanghuo", we reviewed the articles about this relevance and discussed the connection of "Shanghuo" with disease susceptibility in a novel perspective. In addition, we have reviewed the disease susceptibility model of restraint stress from its biochemical manifestation to application in CMM assessment. Although it would be a breakthrough in evaluating CMM efficacy of attenuating disease-susceptibility, understanding the comprehensive theory and establishing more models of "Shanghuo" would be required in further investigation.
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Stress, Psychological; Yin-Yang
PubMed: 31863858
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112491 -
Journal of the American Society of... Jul 2020
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Infections; Iron; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 32606033
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020050624 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Jan 2023Epileptic diathesis is an inherited neurophysiological trait that contributes to the development of all types of epilepsy. The amount of resting-state...
OBJECTIVE
Epileptic diathesis is an inherited neurophysiological trait that contributes to the development of all types of epilepsy. The amount of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) theta activity is proportional to the degree of cortical excitability and epileptic diathesis. Our aim was to explore the amount and topographic distribution of theta activity in epilepsy groups. We hypothesized that the anatomical distribution of increased theta activity is independent of the epilepsy type.
METHODS
Patients with unmedicated idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE, n = 92) or focal epilepsy (FE, n = 149) and non-seizure patients with mild to moderate cerebral lesions (NONEP, n = 99) were compared to healthy controls (NC, n = 114). We analysed artifact-free EEG activity and defined multiple distributed sources of theta activity in the source space via low resolution electromagnetic tomography software. Age-corrected and Z-transformed theta values were compared across the groups.
RESULTS
The rank of increased theta activity was IGE > FE > NONEP > NC. Both epilepsy groups showed significantly more theta activity than did the NC group. Maximum theta abnormality occurred in the medial-basal prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex in both epilepsy groups.
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed the hypothesis outlined above.
SIGNIFICANCE
The common topographical pattern of increased EEG theta activity is correlated with epileptic diathesis, regardless of the epilepsy type.
Topics: Humans; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Susceptibility; Epilepsy, Generalized; Electroencephalography; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 36442376
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.004 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Dec 2015Common autoimmune diseases are relatively heterogeneous with both genetic and environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility and progression. As the... (Review)
Review
Common autoimmune diseases are relatively heterogeneous with both genetic and environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility and progression. As the populations in developed countries age, these chronic diseases will become an increasing burden in human suffering and health care costs. By contrast, rare immune diseases that are severe and develop early in childhood are frequently monogenic and fully penetrant, often with a Mendelian inheritance pattern. Although these may be incompatible with survival or cured by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we will argue that they constitute a rich source of genetic insights into immunological diseases. Here, we discuss five examples of well-studied Mendelian disease-causing genes and their known or predicted roles in conferring susceptibility to common, polygenic diseases of autoimmunity. Mendelian disease mutations, as experiments of nature, reveal human loci that are indispensable for immune regulation and, therefore, most promising as therapeutic targets.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Disease Susceptibility; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Immunomodulation; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Mutation; Penetrance; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 26433354
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.09.001 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Biological Evolution; Diet; Disease Susceptibility; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Humans; Immune System; Immunity, Innate; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Microbiota
PubMed: 31921105
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02775 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Nov 2022
Review
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Obesity; Disease Susceptibility
PubMed: 36310267
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-022-2053-y -
Biology Letters Aug 2016Behavioural phenotypes may provide a means for identifying individuals that disproportionally contribute to disease spread and epizootic outbreaks. For example, bolder...
Behavioural phenotypes may provide a means for identifying individuals that disproportionally contribute to disease spread and epizootic outbreaks. For example, bolder phenotypes may experience greater exposure and susceptibility to pathogenic infection because of distinct interactions with conspecifics and their environment. We tested the value of behavioural phenotypes in larval amphibians for predicting ranavirus transmission in experimental trials. We found that behavioural phenotypes characterized by latency-to-food and swimming profiles were predictive of disease susceptibility and infectiousness defined as the capacity of an infected host to transmit an infection by contacts. While viral shedding rates were positively associated with transmission, we also found an inverse relationship between contacts and infections. Together these results suggest intrinsic traits that influence behaviour and the quantity of pathogens shed during conspecific interactions may be an important contributor to ranavirus transmission. These results suggest that behavioural phenotypes provide a means to identify individuals more likely to spread disease and thus give insights into disease outbreaks that threaten wildlife and humans.
Topics: Animals; DNA Virus Infections; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Phenotype; Ranavirus
PubMed: 27555652
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0480 -
Nature Aging Oct 2022Older adults represent a vulnerable population with elevated risk for numerous morbidities. To explore the association of the microbiome with aging and age-related...
Older adults represent a vulnerable population with elevated risk for numerous morbidities. To explore the association of the microbiome with aging and age-related susceptibilities including frailty and infectious disease risk, we conducted a longitudinal study of the skin, oral, and gut microbiota in 47 community- or skilled nursing facility-dwelling older adults vs. younger adults. We found that microbiome changes were not associated with chronological age so much as frailty: we identified prominent changes in microbiome features associated with susceptibility to pathogen colonization and disease risk, including diversity, stability, heterogeneity, and biogeographic determinism, which were moreover associated with a loss of in the skin microbiome. Strikingly, the skin microbiota were also the primary reservoir for antimicrobial resistance, clinically important pathobionts, and nosocomial strains, suggesting a potential role particularly for the skin microbiome in disease risk and dissemination of multidrug resistant pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Frailty; Longitudinal Studies; Microbiota; Disease Susceptibility; Infections
PubMed: 36398033
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00287-9 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2019
Topics: Disease Susceptibility; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 31737688
DOI: 10.1155/2019/7616509