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Chinese Journal of Traumatology =... Feb 2021This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in Pakistan.
PURPOSE
This study aimed at exploring the perceptions and experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement in Pakistan.
METHODS
Two different quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted, of which the data were collected from 100 burn patients. A pilot interview protocol was developed. An indepth interview of five female burn survivors with facial disfigurement was taken in Lahore, Pakistan. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and four major themes were identified, respectively physical appearance, posttraumatic growth, relationships and coping strategies.
RESULTS
Thematic analysis reflected differences in attributional style, perceptions and individual experiences of female burn survivors with facial disfigurement. The study showed the importance of physical appearance for different burn survivors and how their life had changed after suffering from a burn injury.
CONCLUSION
It could be easy to have a positive outlook towards life and accept visible differences post injury for the burn survivors, who are grateful for life, get a strong family support and have available resources. On the contrary, with low self-esteem, lack of a family support and available resources, patients would be dissatisfied with their life.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Burns; Face; Facial Injuries; Family; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Middle Aged; Pakistan; Perception; Physical Appearance, Body; Self Concept; Social Support; Survivors; Young Adult
PubMed: 33308964
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.11.007 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Jul 2022This cross-sectional study assesses the association between observer-rated disfigurement and body image–related distress among survivors of head and neck cancer.
This cross-sectional study assesses the association between observer-rated disfigurement and body image–related distress among survivors of head and neck cancer.
Topics: Body Image; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Quality of Life; Survivors
PubMed: 35554492
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.0822 -
Scientific Reports May 2019Faces are among the most salient and relevant visual and social stimuli that humans encounter. Attractive faces are associated with positive character traits and social...
Faces are among the most salient and relevant visual and social stimuli that humans encounter. Attractive faces are associated with positive character traits and social skills and automatically evoke larger neural responses than faces of average attractiveness in ventral occipito-temporal cortical areas. Little is known about the behavioral and neural responses to disfigured faces. In two experiments, we tested the hypotheses that people harbor a disfigured is bad bias and that ventral visual neural responses, known to be amplified to attractive faces, represent an attentional effect to facial salience rather than to their rewarding properties. In our behavioral study (N = 79), we confirmed the existence of an implicit 'disfigured is bad' bias. In our functional MRI experiment (N = 31), neural responses to photographs of disfigured faces before treatment evoked greater neural responses within ventral occipito-temporal cortex and diminished responses within anterior cingulate cortex. The occipito-temporal activity supports the hypothesis that these areas are sensitive to attentional, rather than reward properties of faces. The relative deactivation in anterior cingulate cortex, informed by our behavioral study, may reflect suppressed empathy and social cognition and indicate evidence of a possible neural mechanism underlying dehumanization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Beauty; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Dehumanization; Empathy; Face; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Physical Appearance, Body; Prejudice; Social Discrimination; Social Stigma; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 31142792
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44408-8 -
Addiction & Health Jan 2018Oral cancer is a highly lethal disease and one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies in the world. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)... (Review)
Review
Oral cancer is a highly lethal disease and one of the most debilitating and disfiguring of all malignancies in the world. According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2010 report, 60% of tobacco users in India use only smokeless tobacco. Among 206 million smokeless tobacco users, 65.1 million are consuming gutkha. In recent years, gutkha is recognized as a life threatening disorder with the serious health consequences. The aim of this review is to increase the attention to complete ban of tobacco use, awareness, knowledge, and beliefs of public about the harms of not only gutkha but also all other tobacco products and also to promote the intentions to quit the habits.
PubMed: 30627385
DOI: 10.22122/ahj.v10i1.537 -
Eye and Vision (London, England) 2014Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This... (Review)
Review
Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This overview discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, presentation, ophthalmic clinical features, investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.
PubMed: 26605355
DOI: 10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8 -
AMA Journal of Ethics Jun 2020Neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that occurs in 1 in 3000 births, can cause tumors to grow anywhere on or in the body. The first author (RM), an artist-researcher...
Neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that occurs in 1 in 3000 births, can cause tumors to grow anywhere on or in the body. The first author (RM), an artist-researcher and mother of a son living with neurofibromatosis, has painted and exhibited more than 200 portraits of people living with neurofibromatosis to raise awareness of and resources for this little-known disorder. Among many stories shared through RM's works is the story of Ashok, a Nepali man who has undergone 3 surgeries to remove facially disfiguring tumors that developed as a result of neurofibromatosis. This article analyzes portraits of Ashok and interviews that the senior author (RI) conducted with Ashok and RM during each phase of his surgical process to present a case study of their lived experience at the intersection of art and medicine that illustrates the power of portraiture as medicine.
Topics: Art; Humans; Male; Neurofibromatoses
PubMed: 32580827
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2020.513 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020Surgical management of thyroid eye disease- (TED-) associated morbidity has been plagued by the complex interplay of different operative techniques. Orbital... (Review)
Review
Surgical management of thyroid eye disease- (TED-) associated morbidity has been plagued by the complex interplay of different operative techniques. Orbital decompression is the well-recognized procedure for disfiguring exophthalmos and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). There are numerous published techniques described for the removal of the orbital bone, fat, or a combination. The diverse studies are noncomparative as they include different indications, stages of disease, and methods of evaluation. Thus, it is difficult to conclude the most efficient decompression technique. To obtain effective and predictable results, it is therefore important to propose a logical and acceptable clinical guideline to customize patient treatment. Herein, we developed an algorithm based on the presence of DON, preoperative existing diplopia, and severity of proptosis which were defined by patient's disabling symptoms together with a set of ocular signs reflecting visual function or cosmesis. More specifically, we aimed to assess the minimal but effective surgical technique with acceptable potential complications to achieve therapeutic efficacy. Transcaruncular or inferomedial decompressions are indicated in restoring optic nerve function in patients with DON associated with mild or moderate to severe proptosis, respectively. Inferomedial or fatty decompressions are effective to treat patients with existing diplopia associated with mild or moderate to severe proptosis, respectively. Fatty or balanced decompressions can improve disfiguring exophthalmos in patients without existing diplopia associated with mild to moderate or severe proptosis, respectively. Inferomedial or 3-wall decompressions are preferred to address facial rehabilitation in patients associated with very severe proptosis but without preoperative diplopia.
Topics: Clinical Decision-Making; Decompression, Surgical; Exophthalmos; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans
PubMed: 32963693
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3537675 -
Journal of Audiology & Otology Sep 2016Unexpected iatrogenic facial nerve paralysis not only affects facial disfiguration, but also imposes a devastating effect on the social, psychological, and economic... (Review)
Review
Unexpected iatrogenic facial nerve paralysis not only affects facial disfiguration, but also imposes a devastating effect on the social, psychological, and economic aspects of an affected person's life at once. The aims of this study were to postulate where surgeons had mistakenly drilled or where obscured by granulations or by fibrous bands and to look for surgical approach with focused on the safety of facial nerve in mastoid surgery. We had found 14 cases of iatrogenic facial nerve injury (IFNI) during mastoid surgery for 5 years in Korea. The medical records of all the patients were obtained and analyzed injured site of facial nerve segment with surgical technique of mastoidectomy. Eleven patients underwent facial nerve exploration and three patients had conservative management. 43% (6 cases) of iatrogenic facial nerve injuries had occurred in tympanic segment, 28.5% (4 cases) of injuries in second genu combined with tympanic segment, and 28.5% (4 cases) of injuries in mastoid segment. Surgeons should try to identify the facial nerve using available landmarks and be kept in mind the anomalies of the facial nerve. With use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, the avoidance of in order to avoid IFNI would be possible in more cases. Many authors emphasized the importance of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, even in primary otologic surgery. However, anatomical understanding of intratemporal landmarks with meticulous dissection could not be emphasized as possible to prevent IFNI.
PubMed: 27626078
DOI: 10.7874/jao.2016.20.2.68 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2020Physical disfigurement due to congenital defects, trauma, or cancer causes considerable distress and physical impairment for millions of people worldwide; impacting... (Review)
Review
Physical disfigurement due to congenital defects, trauma, or cancer causes considerable distress and physical impairment for millions of people worldwide; impacting their economic, psychological and social wellbeing. Since 3000 B.C., prosthetic devices have been used to address these issues by restoring both aesthetics and utility to those with disfigurement. Internationally, academic and industry researchers are constantly developing new materials and manufacturing techniques to provide higher quality and lower cost prostheses to those people who need them. New advanced technologies including 3D imaging, modeling, and printing are revolutionizing the way prostheses are now made. These new approaches are disrupting the traditional and manual art form of prosthetic production which are laborious and costly and are being replaced by more precise and quantitative processes which enable the rapid, low cost production of patient-specific prostheses. In this two part review, we provide a comprehensive report of past, present and emerging soft-tissue prosthetic materials and manufacturing techniques. In this review, part A, we examine, historically, the ideal properts of a polymeric material when applied in soft-tissue prosthetics. We also detail new research approaches to target specific tissues which commonly require aesthetic restoration (e.g. ear, nose and eyes) and discuss both traditional and advanced fabrication methods, from hand-crafted impression based approaches to advanced manufactured prosthetics. We discuss the chemistry and related details of most significant synthetic polymers used in soft-tissue prosthetics in Part B. As advanced manufacturing transitions from research into practice, the five millennia history of prosthetics enters a new age of economic, personalized, advanced soft tissue prosthetics and with this comes significantly improved quality of life for the people affected by tissue loss.
PubMed: 32300585
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00121 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring alopecia characterized by acute hair loss. Nail involvement, though not always present, can occur in AA patients.... (Review)
Review
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of non-scarring alopecia characterized by acute hair loss. Nail involvement, though not always present, can occur in AA patients. Nail changes are more frequent in severe forms of AA and in children. Literature related to nail changes in AA was comprehensively reviewed after a search on the PubMed database without time restrictions in order to identify common clinical presentations and associated factors to aid clinicians with the correct evaluation and management of these dystrophies. Nail changes in AA include pitting, trachyonychia, leukonychia, red lunula, and miscellaneous alterations such as longitudinal ridging and brittle nails. Nail changes are usually asymptomatic but, nevertheless, sometimes cosmetically disfiguring and can be associated with a reduced quality of life and impaired daily activities. Nail changes in AA may precede or follow hair loss and can occur as an isolated finding. Diagnosis may require a biopsy for definitive identification. Spontaneous improvement is possible, particularly in children, and treatment is not always necessary. Further research is, however, needed to establish a consensus on treatment approaches according to age and severity.
PubMed: 38893003
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113292