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Missouri Medicine 2022Thyroid eye disease, although rare, is the most common inflammatory orbital disorder and is associated with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. It is a progressive disorder...
Thyroid eye disease, although rare, is the most common inflammatory orbital disorder and is associated with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. It is a progressive disorder with symptoms and signs that may cause significant facial disfigurement, visual disability, but rarely blindness. We will review the diagnostic criteria, immunologic basis, clinical course, and medical and surgical treatments for thyroid eye disease. Recent developments in the use of biologic agents to treat this disorder appear to be changing its progression curve and offer the first specific and preventative therapeutic options.
Topics: Biological Factors; Blindness; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans
PubMed: 36118816
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Women's... Dec 2021Vascular anomalies comprise an array of congenital developmental disorders that can lead to significant disfigurement and physiologic disarray. The vast multitude of... (Review)
Review
Vascular anomalies comprise an array of congenital developmental disorders that can lead to significant disfigurement and physiologic disarray. The vast multitude of clinical phenotypes has inherently led to misdiagnosis and patients and families enduring long diagnostic odysseys of medical care. Although the observed variation in disease manifestations remains poorly understood, targeted next-generation sequencing has pivoted our understanding of the pathobiology of vascular anomalies and, for the first time, uncovered potential pharmacologic targets for these disorders. In this review article, we highlight current and developing targeted therapies for vascular anomalies, namely phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors, and discuss the future directions of targeted therapies.
PubMed: 35024417
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.10.014 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2022Camouflage is defined as a combination of materials, colouration or illumination for concealing something. Skin camouflage therapy is the use of specially formulated... (Review)
Review
Camouflage is defined as a combination of materials, colouration or illumination for concealing something. Skin camouflage therapy is the use of specially formulated products to conceal skin diseases and disfigurements, with the goal of giving a temporarily normal appearance. It gives immediate relief in various dermatological disorders, especially those affecting the visible areas, which are known to be associated with profound psychosocial impact. Despite considerable evidence for its emotional benefits, its utilisation among dermatologists in clinical practice remains low. This article is intended to familiarise dermatologists with the use of skin camouflage therapy including its availability, indications, contraindications, techniques, limitations and future trends.
Topics: Humans; Cosmetics
PubMed: 36331849
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_765_2021 -
Biomedicines Apr 2021An estimated 15% of animals are venomous, with representatives spread across the majority of animal lineages. Animals use venoms for various purposes, such as prey...
An estimated 15% of animals are venomous, with representatives spread across the majority of animal lineages. Animals use venoms for various purposes, such as prey capture and predator deterrence. Humans have always been fascinated by venomous animals in a Janus-faced way. On the one hand, humans have a deeply rooted fear of venomous animals. This is boosted by their largely negative image in public media and the fact that snakes alone cause an annual global death toll in the hundreds of thousands, with even more people being left disabled or disfigured. Consequently, snake envenomation has recently been reclassified by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. On the other hand, there has been a growth in recent decades in the global scene of enthusiasts keeping venomous snakes, spiders, scorpions, and centipedes in captivity as pets. Recent scientific research has focussed on utilising animal venoms and toxins for the benefit of humanity in the form of molecular research tools, novel diagnostics and therapeutics, biopesticides, or anti-parasitic treatments. Continued research into developing efficient and safe antivenoms and promising discoveries of beneficial effects of animal toxins is further tipping the scales in favour of the "cure" rather than the "curse" prospect of venoms.
PubMed: 33921205
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040413 -
JCEM Case Reports May 2023Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare metabolic disorders characterized by local or generalized loss of adipose tissue, resulting in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and...
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare metabolic disorders characterized by local or generalized loss of adipose tissue, resulting in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cosmetic disfiguration. The lipodystrophic phenotype is highly variable, with partial lipodystrophy often missed or misdiagnosed as other diseases from a lack of a proper physical examination and low physician awareness. Correct diagnosis is important for optimal treatment and follow-up strategies in these patients. The use of GLP-1 analogs has not been systematically evaluated in lipodystrophy and could be a potential precision medicine therapy. We aim to make the reader, particularly generalists or endocrinologists outside of tertiary referral centers, aware of the presentation and clinical features of partial lipodystrophy, emphasize the role of a full physical examination in diagnosis, and discuss therapeutic options, including GLP-1-based glycemic management illustrated by our clinical case.
PubMed: 37313426
DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad066 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Mucormycosis is still regarded a rare fungal infection, but the high incidences of COVID-associated cases in India and other countries have shown its potential threat to... (Review)
Review
Mucormycosis is still regarded a rare fungal infection, but the high incidences of COVID-associated cases in India and other countries have shown its potential threat to large patient cohorts. In addition, infections by these fast-growing fungi are often fatal and cause disfigurement, badly affecting patients' lives. In advancing our understanding of pathogenicity factors involved in this disease, to enhance the diagnostic toolset and to evaluate novel treatment regimes, animal models are indispensable. As ethical and practical considerations typically favor the use of alternative model systems, this review provides an overview of alternative animal models employed for mucormycosis and discusses advantages and limitations of the respective model.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mucormycosis; Mycoses; Fungi; Disease Models, Animal; India
PubMed: 38362495
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1343834