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Acta Medica Iranica Mar 2017Personalized medicine aims is to supply the proper drug to the proper patient within the right dose. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is to recognize genetic variants that may... (Review)
Review
Personalized medicine aims is to supply the proper drug to the proper patient within the right dose. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is to recognize genetic variants that may influence drug efficacy and toxicity. All things considered, the fields cover a wide area, including basic drug discovery researches, the genetic origin of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, novel drug improvement, patient genetic assessment and clinical patient administration. At last, the objective of Pharmacogenomics is to anticipate a patient's genetic response to a particular drug as a way of presenting the best possible medical treatment. By predicting the drug response of an individual, it will be possible to increase the success of therapies and decrease the incidence of adverse side effect.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 28282716
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2020
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anxiety; Cannabis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Drug Labeling; Drug Packaging; Humans; Marijuana Use; Psychoses, Substance-Induced
PubMed: 32071107
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191305 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Mar 2018To describe the current state of knowledge regarding glaucoma patients' eye drop technique, interventions attempting to improve eye drop technique, and methods for... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To describe the current state of knowledge regarding glaucoma patients' eye drop technique, interventions attempting to improve eye drop technique, and methods for assessing eye drop technique.
RECENT FINDINGS
In observational studies, between 18.2 and 80% of patients contaminate their eye drop bottle by touching their eye or face, 11.3-60.6% do not instill exactly one drop, and 6.8-37.3% miss the eye with the drop. Factors significantly associated with poorer technique include older age, lack of instruction on eye drop technique, female sex, arthritis, more severe visual field defect, lack of positive reinforcement to take eye drops, lower educational level, low self-efficacy, and being seen at a clinic rather than a private practice. Among intervention studies, four of five studies using a mechanical device and three of four studies using educational interventions to improve technique showed positive results, but none of the studies were randomized controlled trials.
SUMMARY
Poor eye drop technique is a significant impediment to achieving good control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Both mechanical device interventions and educational interventions offer promise to improve patients' technique, but studies with stronger designs need to be done followed by introduction into clinical practice.
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Antihypertensive Agents; Drug Packaging; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Medication Adherence; Ophthalmic Solutions; Patient Education as Topic; Tonometry, Ocular
PubMed: 29140818
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000451 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Plastic pollution is currently one of the most pressing environmental problems, especially in countries with a low recycling rate that is mainly due to the insufficient...
Plastic pollution is currently one of the most pressing environmental problems, especially in countries with a low recycling rate that is mainly due to the insufficient collection of plastic waste [...].
Topics: Drug Packaging; Plastics; Product Packaging; Recycling; Waste Management
PubMed: 35408966
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073611 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Apr 2018There is a continued predisposition of concurrent use of drugs and botanical products. Consumers often self-administer botanical products without informing their health... (Review)
Review
There is a continued predisposition of concurrent use of drugs and botanical products. Consumers often self-administer botanical products without informing their health care providers. The perceived safety of botanical products with lack of knowledge of the interaction potential poses a challenge for providers and both efficacy and safety concerns for patients. Botanical-drug combinations can produce untoward effects when botanical constituents modulate drug metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters impacting the systemic or tissue exposure of concomitant drugs. Examples of pertinent scientific literature evaluating the interaction potential of commonly used botanicals in the US are discussed. Current methodologies that can be applied to advance our efforts in predicting drug interaction liability is presented. This review also highlights the regulatory science viewpoint on botanical-drug interactions and labeling implications.
Topics: Drug Labeling; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacology
PubMed: 29703380
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.013 -
Vaccine Apr 2017A variety of vaccine packaging and delivery technologies may benefit the immunization supply chain. These include alternative primary packaging, such as blow-fill-seal... (Review)
Review
A variety of vaccine packaging and delivery technologies may benefit the immunization supply chain. These include alternative primary packaging, such as blow-fill-seal polymer containers, and novel delivery technologies, such intradermal delivery devices, microarray patches, and sublingual formulations of vaccines, and others in development. The potential timeline to availability of these technologies varies and depends on their stage of development and the type of data necessary to achieve licensure. Some new delivery devices are anticipated to be introduced in 2017, such as intradermal devices for delivery of inactivated poliovirus vaccine to stretch vaccine supplies due to a supply limitation. Other new technologies requiring vaccine reformulation, such as microarray patches and sublingual vaccines, may become available in the long term (2021 and beyond). Development of many new technologies requires partnership between vaccine and technology manufacturers and identification of the applicable regulatory pathway. Interaction with public-sector stakeholders early on (through engagement with forums such as the World Health Organization's Immunization Practices Advisory Committee Delivery Technologies Working Group) is important to ensure suitability for immunization program use. Key considerations for programmatic suitability of a new vaccine, packaging, and delivery device include cold chain volume, costs, and health impact.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Packaging; Humans; Immunization Programs; Vaccines
PubMed: 28364941
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.095 -
Drug Discovery Today Jan 2019Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis (DIR) is an idiosyncratic and fatal adverse drug reaction (ADR) characterized in severe muscle injuries accompanied by multiple-organ... (Review)
Review
Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis (DIR) is an idiosyncratic and fatal adverse drug reaction (ADR) characterized in severe muscle injuries accompanied by multiple-organ failure. Limited knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis is the main obstacle to developing early biomarkers and prevention strategies. Given the lack of a centralized data resource to curate, organize, and standardize widespread DIR information, here we present a Drug-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Atlas (DIRA) that provides DIR-related information, including: a classification scheme for DIR based on drug labeling information; postmarketing surveillance data of DIR; and DIR drug property information. To elucidate the utility of DIRA, we used precision dosing, concomitant use of DIR drugs, and predictive modeling development to exemplify strategies for idiosyncratic ADR (IADR) management.
Topics: Animals; Drug Interactions; Drug Labeling; Humans; Internet; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Rhabdomyolysis
PubMed: 29902520
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.006 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Apr 2021Falsified medicines affect public health all around the globe. Complex distribution routes, illegal online webshops and reuse of packaging materials make them hard to... (Review)
Review
Falsified medicines affect public health all around the globe. Complex distribution routes, illegal online webshops and reuse of packaging materials make them hard to detect. In order to tackle this problem, detection methods for the recognition of suspicious medicines and subsequent confirmation of falsification by analytical techniques is required. In this review, we focus on the developments and challenges that existed in the last five years (2015-2020) in the detection and analysis of falsified medicines. These challenges might have not been solved yet or arisen with new types of falsifications, new analytical techniques or detection strategies. Detection of suspicious medicines starts with visual inspection of packaging materials. However, re-use of packaging materials and high-quality imitations complicate visual inspection. Recent developments in the analysis of packaging by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy or microscopy, in combination with multivariate analysis show promising results in the detection of falsified medicines. An ongoing big challenge in the analysis of falsified medicines is the affordability of analytical devices. Yet, recent reports showed that lower cost devices, such as Counterfeit Drug Indicator or Counterfeit Detection device version 3 show promising use in the detection of falsified medicines. Furthermore, combining the outcomes of different low-cost analytical techniques, such as Minilab, colorimetry and Counterfeit Drug Indicator significantly increased selectivity and sensitivity in the detection of falsified medicines. Also, recent developments make it possible to link a low-cost technique, such as TLC, to mobile phones. Proper training of personnel has shown room for improvement and remains a challenge, even for relatively simple techniques. With an increased use of analytical fingerprints, an upcoming challenge is the accessibility of the growing pool of data. There is also the need of validated reference libraries on both national and international levels. Developments of the last few years bring us a step closer in the fight against falsified medicines, however challenges remain in the worldwide accessibility of affordable, easily operable and sensitive techniques.
Topics: Counterfeit Drugs; Drug Packaging; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 33582458
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113948 -
Vaccine Jan 2021
Topics: Adenoviridae; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Drug Packaging; Drug Storage; Genetic Vectors; Humans; RNA, Messenger; Vaccine Potency
PubMed: 33339671
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.017 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Antidepressant drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders, but their efficacy and safety can be compromised by drug degradation. Recent... (Review)
Review
Antidepressant drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders, but their efficacy and safety can be compromised by drug degradation. Recent reports point to several drugs found in concentrations ranging from the limit of detection (LOD) to hundreds of ng/L in wastewater plants around the globe; hence, antidepressants can be considered emerging pollutants with potential consequences for human health and wellbeing. Understanding and implementing effective degradation strategies are essential not only to ensure the stability and potency of these medications but also for their safe disposal in line with current environment remediation goals. This review provides an overview of degradation pathways for amitriptyline, a typical tricyclic antidepressant drug, by exploring chemical routes such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and photodegradation. Connex issues such as stability-enhancing approaches through formulation and packaging considerations, regulatory guidelines, and quality control measures are also briefly noted. Specific case studies of amitriptyline degradation pathways forecast the future perspectives and challenges in this field, helping researchers and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide guidelines for the most effective degradation pathways employed for minimal environmental impact.
Topics: Humans; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Drug Packaging; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Restoration and Remediation
PubMed: 38612638
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073822