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Nutrients Feb 2022Sarcopenic dysphagia requires the presence of both dysphagia and generalized sarcopenia. The causes of dysphagia, except for sarcopenia, are excluded. The treatment for... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenic dysphagia requires the presence of both dysphagia and generalized sarcopenia. The causes of dysphagia, except for sarcopenia, are excluded. The treatment for sarcopenic dysphagia includes resistance training along with nutritional support; however, whether rehabilitation procedures are useful remains unclear. In this narrative review, we present possible rehabilitation procedures as a resistance training for managing sarcopenic dysphagia, including Shaker exercise, Mendelsohn maneuver, tongue-hold swallow exercise, jaw-opening exercise, swallow resistance exercise, lingual exercise, expiratory muscle strength training, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. We hope that some procedures mentioned in this article or new methods will be effective to treat sarcopenic dysphagia.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Muscle Strength; Nutritional Support; Resistance Training; Sarcopenia; Tongue
PubMed: 35215427
DOI: 10.3390/nu14040778 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2017Dysphagia is a common symptom that is important to recognise and appropriately manage, given that causes include life threatening oesophageal neoplasia, oropharyngeal... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a common symptom that is important to recognise and appropriately manage, given that causes include life threatening oesophageal neoplasia, oropharyngeal dysfunction, the risk of aspiration, as well as chronic disabling gastroesophageal reflux (GORD). The predominant causes of dysphagia varies between cohorts depending on the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, and is changing with time. Currently in white Caucasian societies adopting a western lifestyle, obesity is common and thus associated gastroesophageal reflux disease is increasingly diagnosed. Similarly, food allergies are increasing in the west, and eosinophilic oesophagitis is increasingly found as a cause. Other regions where cigarette smoking is still prevalent, or where access to medical care and antisecretory agents such as proton pump inhibitors are less available, benign oesophageal peptic strictures, Barrett's oesophagus, adeno- as well as squamous cell carcinoma are endemic. The evaluation should consider the severity of symptoms, as well as the pre-test probability of a given condition. In young white Caucasian males who are atopic or describe heartburn, eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease will predominate and a proton pump inhibitor could be commenced prior to further investigation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy remains a valid first line investigation for patients with suspected oesophageal dysphagia. Barium swallow is particularly useful for oropharyngeal dysphagia, and oesophageal manometry mandatory to diagnose motility disorders.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 29097867
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.6942 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Feb 2021Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing that can be caused by a number of disorders that involve either the oropharynx or the esophagus. Specific endoscopic treatment for... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is difficulty in swallowing that can be caused by a number of disorders that involve either the oropharynx or the esophagus. Specific endoscopic treatment for dysphagia depends on its etiology, whether the dysphagia is caused by mechanical narrowing or a motor disorder. Variable endoscopic treatment strategies can be used to manage dysphagia. Patient with dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter may benefit from esophageal dilationor injection of botulinum toxin. Pneumatic balloon dilation, injection of botulinum toxin, peroral endoscopic myotomy can be considered as treatment options for esophageal motility disorders. Endoscopic dilation is the treatment choice of esophageal stricture, while intraluminal steroid injection and temporary stent can be considered in refractory benign esophageal stricture. Self-expandable metal stent insertion can be considered for dysphagia with malignant cause.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Dilatation; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans
PubMed: 33632998
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2021.025 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2022
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders
PubMed: 36566376
DOI: 10.51821/85.3.10759 -
Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica :... 2021Affective symptoms are common in patients with head-and-neck cancer. This study determined the association between the presence of aspiration and symptoms of anxiety and...
OBJECTIVE
Affective symptoms are common in patients with head-and-neck cancer. This study determined the association between the presence of aspiration and symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as patient characteristics in patients with head-and-neck cancer and dysphagia.
METHODS
Eighty-four patients with head-and-neck cancer and dysphagia completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and underwent a standardized fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations.
RESULTS
Fifty-two (61.9%) patients presented clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety or depression. Forty-eight (57.1%) patients presented with aspiration during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. A significant negative association was found between the presence of aspiration and affective (anxiety and depression) symptoms (p = 0.04). Male patients presented significantly lower symptom scores of anxiety compared to females (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Clinically relevant affective symptoms were present in more than half of all patients with head-and-neck cancer and dysphagia. Surprisingly, a significant negative association was found between the presence of aspiration and these affective symptoms. Gender was also significantly associated with affective symptoms. These results suggest that there is a need for further investigation into the impact of psychological distress on patients with head-and-neck cancer and dysphagia.
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Anxiety; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male
PubMed: 32623431
DOI: 10.1159/000508367 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2023Dysphagia defined as difficulty in swallowing, can result from multiple causes including, Stroke, head injury, Alzheimer, Dementia, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia defined as difficulty in swallowing, can result from multiple causes including, Stroke, head injury, Alzheimer, Dementia, Muscular dystrophy, Cerebral Palsy etc. It is associated with neuro-muscular impairments in different age groups. VitalStim® therapy is a relatively new approach to treat dysphagia. It provides neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the involved muscles to improve the function of swallowing. This review summarizes the usefulness of VitalStim® in dysphagia, and barriers in its use in Pakistan.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Deglutition; Stroke
PubMed: 37427651
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.23-46 -
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Jun 2016The current available literature evaluating feeding difficulties in children with esophageal atresia was reviewed. The published literature was searched through PubMed... (Review)
Review
The current available literature evaluating feeding difficulties in children with esophageal atresia was reviewed. The published literature was searched through PubMed using a pre-defined search strategy. Feeding difficulties are commonly encountered in children and adults with repaired esophageal atresia [EA]. The mechanism for abnormal feeding includes both esophageal and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Esophageal dysphagia is commonly reported in patients with EA and causes include dysmotility, anatomic lesions, esophageal outlet obstruction and esophageal inflammation. Endoscopic evaluation, esophageal manometry and esophograms can be useful studies to evaluate for causes of esophageal dysphagia. Oropharyngeal dysfunction and aspiration are also important mechanisms for feeding difficulties in patients with EA. These patients often present with respiratory symptoms. Videofluoroscopic swallow study, salivagram, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and high-resolution manometry can all be helpful tools to identify aspiration. Once diagnosed, management goals include reduction of aspiration during swallowing, reducing full column reflux into the oropharynx and continuation of oral feeding to maintain skills. We review specific strategies which can be used to reduce aspiration of gastric contents, including thickening feeds, changing feeding schedule, switching formula, trialing transpyloric feeds and fundoplication.
Topics: Adult; Barium Sulfate; Child; Contrast Media; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Atresia; Esophagoscopy; Humans; Manometry; Nutritional Support
PubMed: 26164203
DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2015.06.002 -
Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy 2020Dysphagia is a common problem among ICU patients. The frequency of dysphagia increases with age and sometimes symptoms can be difficult to recognise. But the... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a common problem among ICU patients. The frequency of dysphagia increases with age and sometimes symptoms can be difficult to recognise. But the con-sequences of dysphagia can be very serious, including aspiration and subsequently aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, knowing mechanisms and symptoms causing dysphagia is very important and should be well recognised. Proper diagnosis allows one to prevent further complications. However, both the diagnosis and treatment can be very complicated, especially among the patients who do not cooperate. In many cases, the implementation of an appropriate nutrition strategy and proper rehabilitation can alleviate the symptoms of dysphagia and avoid the most severe complications.
Topics: Critical Care; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Pneumonia, Aspiration
PubMed: 32876411
DOI: 10.5114/ait.2020.98490 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2019This review is about dysphagia, which is a collective term for all types of difficulty in swallowing. The causes behind are numerous, and the symptoms can be divided... (Review)
Review
This review is about dysphagia, which is a collective term for all types of difficulty in swallowing. The causes behind are numerous, and the symptoms can be divided into oropharyngeal and oesophageal dysphagia. In the elderly population, the symptoms result in a thorough investigation, as it may be the first sign of underlying malignant disease. If malignant disease is not confirmed, the patient may be referred to the initial doctor. It is therefore important to know, that there is a large range of aetiologies and investigative possibilities of non-malignant dysphagia.
Topics: Aged; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Denmark; Humans; Oropharynx
PubMed: 31036142
DOI: No ID Found -
Dysphagia Feb 2023This study investigated the reliability and validity (sensitivity and specificity) of cervical auscultation (CA) using both swallow and pre-post swallow-respiratory...
This study investigated the reliability and validity (sensitivity and specificity) of cervical auscultation (CA) using both swallow and pre-post swallow-respiratory sounds, as compared with Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). With 103 swallow-respiratory sequences from 23 heterogenic patients, these swallows sounds were rated by eight CA-trained Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) to investigate: (1) if the swallow was safe (primary outcome); (2) patient dysphagia status; (3) the influence of liquid viscosity on CA accuracy (secondary outcomes). Primary outcome data showed high CA sensitivity (85.4%), and specificity (80.3%) with all consistencies for the safe measurement, with CA predictive values of [Formula: see text] 90% to accurately detect unsafe swallows. Intra-rater reliability was good (Kappa [Formula: see text] 0.65), inter rater reliability moderate (Kappa [Formula: see text] 0.58). Secondary outcome measures showed high sensitivity (80.1%) to identify if a patient was dysphagic, low specificity (22.9%), and moderate correlation (r [Formula: see text] 0.62) with FEES. A difference across bolus viscosities identified that CA sensitivities (90.1%) and specificities ([Formula: see text] 84.7%) for thin liquids were greater than for thick liquids (71.0-77.4% sensitivities, 74.0-81.3% specificities). Results demonstrate high validity and moderate-good reliability of CA-trained SLPs to determine swallow safety when compared with FEES. Data support the use of CA as an adjunct to the clinical swallow examination. CA should include pre-post respiratory sounds and requires specific training. Clinical implications: The authors advocate for holistic dysphagia management including instrumental assessment and ongoing CSE/review [Formula: see text] CA. Adding CA to the CSE/review does not replace instrumental assessment, nor should CA be used as a stand-alone tool.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Deglutition; Reproducibility of Results; Respiratory Sounds; Auscultation
PubMed: 35838785
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10468-8