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Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2017Dysfunctions in the intrinsic clocks are suggested in patients with depressive disorders. The cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2) proteins modulate...
BACKGROUND
Dysfunctions in the intrinsic clocks are suggested in patients with depressive disorders. The cryptochrome circadian clocks 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2) proteins modulate circadian rhythms in a cell and influence emotional reactions and mood in an individual. The protein kinase C delta binding protein (PRKCDBP, or CAVIN3), similar to the serum deprivation response protein (SDPR, or CAVIN2), reduces metabolic stability of the PER2-CRY2 transcription factor complex that plays a role in the circadian rhythm synchronization. Our aim was to study SDPR, PRKCDBP, CRY1 and CRY2 genetic variants in depressive disorders.
METHODS
The sample included 5910 Finnish individuals assessed with the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) in year 2000. In year 2011, 3424 individuals were assessed again. After genotype quality control, there were 383 subjects with major depressive disorder, 166 with dysthymia, and 479 with depressive disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymia or both), and 4154 healthy controls. A total of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from SDPR, PRKCDBP, CRY1 and CRY2 genes were analyzed using logistic regression models controlling for age and gender.
RESULTS
The earlier reported association of CRY2 variants with dysthymia was confirmed and extended to major depressive disorder (q<0.05). In addition, novel associations of PRKCDBP rs1488864 with depressive disorders (q=0.02) and with major depressive disorder in specific (q=0.007) were found.
LIMITATIONS
The number of cases was moderate and coverage of PRKCDB was limited.
CONCLUSIONS
CRY2 and PRKCDBP variants may be risk factors of major depressive disorder and provide information for diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carrier Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Cryptochromes; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Genotype; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphate-Binding Proteins; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 27721187
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.034 -
Open Access Rheumatology : Research and... 2019Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prone to depression due to several factors related to their RA, including chronic and persistent pain, functional disability,... (Review)
Review
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prone to depression due to several factors related to their RA, including chronic and persistent pain, functional disability, economic constraints, and the side effects of RA medication. Previous Iranian studies showed conflicting and inconclusive findings regarding the prevalence of depression among RA patients. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the true prevalence of depression in Iranian patients with RA. Search for eligible articles was performed using the keywords of depression, depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, RA, and Iran, and their possible combinations in the following databases: Scientific Information Database, MagIran, Web of Science/ISI, PubMed, and Scopus. The search was restricted to articles published in Persian and English languages. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model, and the data were analyzed using the STATA software version 12. Overall, six articles were selected; the overall prevalence of depression among the Iranian patients with RA was 65.58% (95% CI: 56.53%-74.62%). There were no significant relationships between the prevalence of depression and articles' methodological quality and year of publication, participants' age, sample size, and duration of disease. More than half of RA patients suffer from depression. The overlap between the physical symptoms of RA and depression in this group of patients makes it difficult to correctly diagnose depression; therefore, initiative and efforts are required to improve the identification of early depression symptoms in RA patients in order to effectively manage their depression.
PubMed: 30863193
DOI: 10.2147/OARRR.S191459 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022People may endorse suicidal behavior during a major depressive episode. Affective temperaments may play a role in this risk. We explored the relationship between...
BACKGROUND
People may endorse suicidal behavior during a major depressive episode. Affective temperaments may play a role in this risk. We explored the relationship between affective temperaments and suicide and identified some traits that can predict suicide risk in depression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed the results of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) in 284 participants recruited from a psychiatric clinic and the community in Beijing and compared the subscale scores (temperaments of cyclothymic, dysthymic, anxious, irritable, and hyperthymic) among major depressive disorders (MDDs) vs. the general population as well as depressive patients with vs. without suicide risk, using Student's test, chi-square test, rank-sum test, and multivariable regression modeling.
RESULTS
The incidence of suicidal risk in depressive subjects was 47.62% (80/168). Being unmarried ( < 0.001), unemployed ( = 0.007), and temperaments of dysthymic, cyclothymic, anxious, and irritable scores (all < 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in patients with depression than in the general population. Young age ( < 0.001), female sex ( = 0.037), unmarried ( = 0.001), more severe depression ( < 0.001), and dysthymic, anxious, and cyclothymic temperament (all < 0.05) were significantly more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than those without suicide risk. The logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio [] = 0.937, 95% 0.905∼0.970), female sex ( = 2.606, 95% 1.142∼5.948), more severe depression ( = 1.145, 95% 1.063∼1.234), cyclothymic temperament ( = 1.275, 95% 1.102∼1.475), and dysthymic temperament ( = 1.265, 95% 1.037∼1.542) were all independently associated with high suicidal risk in patients with first-onset major depression ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Temperament traits differ between the general population and people suffering from MDD. Subjects with MDD who have much more severe depressive symptoms and a cyclothymic or dysthymic temperament were at a high risk of suicide.
PubMed: 35747102
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893195 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors...
BACKGROUND
Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors in female and male patients with oral cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective search of the TriNetX network (TriNetX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with oral cancer (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes C02-C06), within the past 20 years from the access date April 21, 2023. Patients were categorized according to sex (female vs. male). Following matching for age and risk factors such as nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and risk, odds, and hazard ratios were calculated. Outcome variables were five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the female and male patient cohort were compared with regard to the novel diagnosis of depression (depressive episode, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder) after the tumor diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 77,348 patients were assessed. After propensity score matching, 26,578 male and 26,578 female patients were included in each group (mean age 63 years). DFS (71.92% in females vs. 68.29% in males; hazard ratio (HR) 0.870; < 0.001) and OS (77.08% in females vs. 71.74% in males; HR 0.793; < 0.001) were significantly higher in the female cohort. However, in patients diagnosed with depression after the initial cancer diagnosis (N = 4,824), survival was worse in female patients compared to male patients (82.48% in females vs. 86.10% in males; HR 1.341; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This retrospective case-control study showed that females with oral cancer had a better DFS and OS than males. However, survival in females with a newly diagnosed depression after the oral cancer diagnosis was worse compared to those of male oral cancer patients. Depression may be a relevant prognostic factor that contributes to sex disparities in oral cancer patients.
PubMed: 37901332
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248926 -
BMJ Open Dec 2022Although various treatments exist for depression in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), the comparative effects and relationships between these treatments have not...
Treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymic disorder (DD) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Although various treatments exist for depression in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), the comparative effects and relationships between these treatments have not been clearly presented. This study aims to present comprehensive evidence for the treatment of major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder in patients with SCI by comparing the therapeutic and adverse effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
We will search for studies in five databases (Medline, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and CHINAL) as well as clinical trial registries (US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (www.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/trialsearch)) and grey literature (Google Scholar). The references of the included studies, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be reviewed. Study selection, data extraction and quality and risk of bias assessments will be independently performed by two authors (JMH and WSC), and disagreements will be resolved by discussion with JHK. Moreover, a Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed using R software.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Our systematic review and network meta-analysis will be performed based on existing studies; thus, we did not seek ethical approval. Our results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at both domestic and international conferences.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Network Meta-Analysis; Dysthymic Disorder; Bayes Theorem; Spinal Cord Injuries; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic
PubMed: 36517092
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055800 -
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2015To investigate the personality disorders (PDs) diagnosed in patients with depressive disorders.
PURPOSE
To investigate the personality disorders (PDs) diagnosed in patients with depressive disorders.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study included a cross-sectional analysis, and was an extension of the Thai Study of Affective Disorder (THAISAD) project. Eighty-five outpatients with depressive disorders were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess for depression, in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision and using the Thai version of the Structured Clinical Interview for PDs to assess for PD.
RESULTS
Seventy-seven percent of the patients had at least one PD, 40% had one PD and 60% had two or more PDs (mixed cluster). The most common PDs found were borderline PD (20%) and obsessive-compulsive PD (10.6%), while the occurrence of avoidant PD was low when compared to the findings of previous, related studies. Among the mixed cluster, cluster A combined with cluster C was the common mix. Both dysthymic disorder and double depression were found to have a higher proportion of PDs than major depressive disorder (85.7% versus 76.1%). Dependent PD was found to be less common in this study than in previous studies, including those carried out in Asia.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of PDs among those with depressive disorder varied, and only borderline PD seems to be consistently high within and across cultures. Mixed cluster plays a prominent role in depression, so more attention should be paid to patients in this category.
PubMed: 25945052
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S82884 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal Oct 2021Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs when a person involves the child in sexual activities for his/her sexual gratification, commercial gain, or both. We report a series of...
Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs when a person involves the child in sexual activities for his/her sexual gratification, commercial gain, or both. We report a series of 12 cases of CSA, who presented to the psychiatry department with diverse psychiatric presentations associated with CSA. In most of these cases, the perpetrator was unmarried and known to the child. The presentation was varied with patients being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorder, dysthymic disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, acute stress reaction, conversion disorder, borderline personality disorder, and moderate depressive episode with somatic symptoms. Individual and family counseling was an important part of management of these cases along with pharmacotherapy. More vigilance about CSA and mental health in all categories of health-care personnel would help in early detection and timely management of these cases.
PubMed: 34908694
DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328866 -
Clinical Epidemiology 2020Psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may negatively impact drug compliance and the prognosis of enuresis. However, existing studies...
BACKGROUND
Psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may negatively impact drug compliance and the prognosis of enuresis. However, existing studies regarding associations between lifetime psychiatric disorders and childhood enuresis are primarily from Western countries, and studies from Taiwan are lacking.
METHODS
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort analysis using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010. A total of 1,146 children with enuresis (ICD-9-CM code: 307.6) and 4,584 randomly selected sex- and age-matched controls were identified between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2011. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the development of psychiatric disorders in the children with enuresis.
RESULTS
Enuresis was more common in the younger children, and the rate was significantly higher in boys (58.7%) than in girls (41.3%). A total of 171 patients (14.9%) in the enuresis group had at least one psychiatric diagnosis vs 259 (5.7%) in the control group (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of enuresis increased the odds of developing major depressive/dysthymic disorder (OR=2.841, 95% CI: 1.619, 4.987), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR=3.156, 95% CI: 2.446, 4.073), autism spectrum disorder (OR=2.468, 95% CI: 1.264, 4.822), anxiety disorders (OR=3.113, 95% CI: 2.063, 4.699), intelligence disability (OR=3.989, 95% CI: 2.476, 6.426), disruptive behavior disorders (OR=3.749, 95% CI: 1.756, 8.004), and tic disorder (OR=2.660, 95% CI: 1.642, 4.308).
CONCLUSION
Children with enuresis are likely to have psychiatric disorders, and physicians should consider this during their evaluation.
PubMed: 32110107
DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S230537 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2021Emotional disorder symptoms are highly prevalent and a common cause of disability among children and adolescents. Screening and early detection are needed to identify...
Emotional disorder symptoms are highly prevalent and a common cause of disability among children and adolescents. Screening and early detection are needed to identify those who need help and to improve treatment outcomes. Nowadays, especially with the arrival of the COVID-19 outbreak, assessment is increasingly conducted online, resulting in the need for brief online screening measures. The aim of the current study was to examine the reliability and different sources of validity evidence of a new web-based screening questionnaire for emotional disorder symptoms, the DetectaWeb-Distress Scale, which assesses mood (major depression and dysthymic disorder), anxiety (separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobia, panic disorder/agoraphobia, and specific phobia), obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidality (suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts), and global distress. A total of 1,499 participants (aged 8-18) completed the DetectaWeb-Distress Scale and specific questionnaires for emotional disorder symptoms, suicidal behaviors, and well-being through a web-based survey. Results indicated that a structural model of 10 correlated factors fits reasonably better in comparison to the remaining models; measurement invariance for age and gender; good internal consistency (McDonald's ω ranging from 0.65 to 0.94); and significant positive correlation with other measures of anxiety, depression, PTSD, or distress, and negative correlation with well-being measures, displaying support for convergent-discriminant validity. We also found that girls scored higher than boys on most of the subscales, and children had higher scores for social anxiety, specific phobia, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, whereas adolescents scored higher on depressive symptoms, suicidality, and generalized anxiety, but the effect sizes were small to medium for all comparisons. The DetectaWeb-Distress Scale is a valid, innovative, and useful online tool for the screening and evaluation of preventive programs for mental health in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 33658965
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627604 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. Dysthymia, a long-lasting form of depressive disorder that is also known as persistent depressive...
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. Dysthymia, a long-lasting form of depressive disorder that is also known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD) with pure dysthymic syndrome according to the (DSM-5), is characterised by being difficult to treat. The most prominent therapeutic approaches in treating dysthymia are pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but recent studies also demonstrate the success of neurofeedback in treating individuals with depressive disorders. However, infra-low-frequency (ILF) neurofeedback, the main new neurofeedback protocol, lacks empirical evidence, and there is no evidence that it can treat dysthymia. This case report investigates the ILF neurofeedback method in a male patient with dysthymia. After 45 sessions of ILF neurofeedback combined with ILF synchrony, a decrease in symptom severity was found on assessment after treatment, and these results remained consistent at a low level at a 6-month follow-up. Additionally, the patient reported benefits on interpersonal and cognitive levels and in daily life situations. This study should incentivise further investigations into using ILF neurofeedback to treat dysthymia and all variations of depressive disorders.
PubMed: 37753989
DOI: 10.3390/bs13090711