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Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria May 2019To compare alcohol and other drugs abuse, state impulsivity, craving and the relationship between craving and impulsivity in alcohol-dependent patients with or without... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To compare alcohol and other drugs abuse, state impulsivity, craving and the relationship between craving and impulsivity in alcohol-dependent patients with or without dual disorder attending to an alcohol treatment center in Cadiz town.
METHOD
An observational, descriptive and transversal study performed on 112 alcohol dependent patient sample who were seeking treatment in ARCA outpatient treatment center in Cadiz. The sample was divided in two groups, according to present dual diagnosis or not. The sample was assessed with an AdHoc sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and specific scales and interviews that included: 5.0 Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview results (MINI), State Impulsivity Scale (SIS), and Multidimensional Alcohol Craving Scale (MACS).
RESULTS
The prevalence of dual diagnosis was 50%, being the most prevalent disorders: Current and recurrent Major Depressive Episode Mood Disorder, Current Dysthymic Mood Disorder, Panic Disorder and Anxiety Disorder. 52,7% of the total sample had a positive result on the State Impulsivity Scale. No statistically significant results were found on the Craving Scale (neither in the score or in the sub-sections). A relationship between craving and impulsivity were found for all groups and researched items.
CONCLUSIONS
As a relationship between craving and impulsivity was observed, these aspects should be considered as main factors for the treatment and evolution of alcohol- dependent patients.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Craving; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatients; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Spain
PubMed: 31233207
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Oct 2020Mental illnesses may explain vulnerability to develop extremist beliefs that can lead to violent protest and terrorism. Yet there is little evidence.
BACKGROUND
Mental illnesses may explain vulnerability to develop extremist beliefs that can lead to violent protest and terrorism. Yet there is little evidence.
AIMS
To investigate the relationship between mental illnesses and extremist beliefs.
METHOD
Population survey of 618 White British and Pakistani people in England. Extremism was assessed by an established measure of sympathies for violent protest and terrorism (SVPT). Respondents with any positive scores (showing sympathies) were compared with those with all negative scores. We calculated associations between extremist sympathies and ICD-10 diagnoses of depression and dysthymia, and symptoms of anxiety, personality difficulties, autism and post-traumatic stress. Also considered were demographics, life events, social assets, political engagement and criminal convictions.
RESULTS
SVPT were more common in those with major depression with dysthymia (risk ratio 4.07, 95% CI 1.37-12.05, P = 0.01), symptoms of anxiety (risk ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.15, P = 0.002) or post-traumatic stress (risk ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, P = 0.003). At greater risk of SVPT were: young adults (<21 versus ≥21: risk ratio 3.05, 95% CI 1.31-7.06, P = 0.01), White British people (versus Pakistani people: risk ratio 2.24, 95% CI 1.25-4.02, P = 0.007) and those with criminal convictions (risk ratio 2.23, 95% CI 1.01-4.95, P = 0.048). No associations were found with life events, social assets and political engagement.
CONCLUSION
Depression, dysthymia and symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress are associated with extremist sympathies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; England; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Pakistan; Politics; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Violence; White People; Young Adult
PubMed: 30873926
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.14 -
Archives of Medical Science : AMS 2020Nowadays, depression is conceptualized as an immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress disorder associated with neuroprogressive changes as a consequence of peripherally...
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, depression is conceptualized as an immune-inflammatory and oxidative stress disorder associated with neuroprogressive changes as a consequence of peripherally activated immune-inflammatory pathways, including peripheral cytokines and immune cells which penetrate into the brain via the blood barrier, as well as nitro-oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances. The aim of this study was to investigate whether personality traits predisposing to a depressive episode (hypochondria, dysthymic, hysteria) are associated with changes in peripheral gene expression for selected indicators of inflammation and oxidative balance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
One hundred four people meeting the diagnostic criteria specified for a depressive episode took part in the study. Selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) were used to measure personality traits. Expression at the mRNA and protein level for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) was examined.
RESULTS
Scales for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correlated significantly with the expression at the level of mRNA and protein for MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9.
CONCLUSIONS
The scales specified for the neurotic triad of the MMPI-2 test correspond substantially with the expression of MnSOD, MPO and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 at the mRNA and protein levels in the group of patients suffering from depression.
PubMed: 32542087
DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83146 -
Mindfulness May 2019Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with lower levels of mindfulness, yet few studies to date have examined facets of mindfulness in adults with Generalized...
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with lower levels of mindfulness, yet few studies to date have examined facets of mindfulness in adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). In this study, we examined differences in mindfulness between individuals with GAD with and without concurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and/or Dysthymic Disorder (DD). We also examined the associations of anxiety and depressive symptoms with facets (subscales) of mindfulness. We hypothesized that individuals with primary GAD and co-occurring MDD/DD would exhibit lower mindfulness than those without a concurrent depressive disorder. We also hypothesized that mindfulness would be negatively correlated with worry and depressive symptom severity. Subjects were 140 adults (M (SD) age = 33.4 (12.9); 73% female) with a primary diagnosis of GAD; 30.8% (n = 43) also met criteria for current MDD/DD as determined by a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV. Current worry and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-report measures at baseline of a 12-week treatment study. Individuals with GAD and co-occurring MDD/DD exhibited significantly lower mindfulness than those without a depressive disorder diagnosis and specifically lower scores on the Awareness sub-scale compared to individuals with primary GAD and no comorbid depression. In terms of the dimensional impact of worry and depression ratings, depression symptoms independently predicted lower Awareness scores and worry independently predicted lower levels of Nonreacting and Nonjudging sub-scales. This may have direct treatment implications.
PubMed: 31360261
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1059-0 -
Gut and Liver May 2024Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a stress disorder characterized by psychological and gastrointestinal dysfunction. IBS patients not only suffer from... (Review)
Review
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a stress disorder characterized by psychological and gastrointestinal dysfunction. IBS patients not only suffer from intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation but also, experience dysthymic disorders such as anxiety and depression. Studies have found that corticotropin-releasing hormone plays a key role in IBS with comorbid dysthymic disorders. Next, we will summarize the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the central nervous system and periphery on IBS with comorbid dysthymic disorders and relevant treatments based on published literatures in recent years.
Topics: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Humans; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Dysthymic Disorder; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37551453
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220346 -
Journal of Clinical Child and... 2016This pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of 4 adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) for adolescent depression to plan for a subsequent... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility and acceptability of 4 adaptive treatment strategies (ATSs) for adolescent depression to plan for a subsequent full-scale clinical trial. The ATSs aim to address 2 questions that arise when personalizing treatment: (a) For adolescents treated with Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A; Mufson et al., 2004 ), at what time point should therapists make the determination that the adolescent is not likely to respond if the initial treatment plan is continued (week 4 or week 8)? (b) For adolescents who are judged to need their treatment augmented, should the therapist increase the number of IPT-A sessions or add pharmacotherapy (fluoxetine)? A 16-week pilot sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) was conducted with 32 adolescents (M age = 14.9) who had a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Adolescents were primarily female (75%) and Caucasian (84.4%). Data regarding the feasibility and acceptability of the study and treatment procedures and treatment response rates were collected. Week 4 was the more feasible and acceptable decision point for assessing need for a change to treatment. Adolescents, parents, and therapists reported a range of attitudes about medication and more intensive therapy as treatment options. Results from the pilot study have yielded additional research questions for the full-scale SMART and will improve our ability to successfully conduct the trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Child; Depressive Disorder, Major; Feasibility Studies; Female; Fluoxetine; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Psychotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25785788
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1015133 -
PloS One 2014Celiac disease (CD) may initially present as a neurological disorder or may be complicated by neurological changes. To date, neurophysiological studies aiming to an...
INTRODUCTION
Celiac disease (CD) may initially present as a neurological disorder or may be complicated by neurological changes. To date, neurophysiological studies aiming to an objective evaluation of the potential central nervous system involvement in CD are lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the profile of cortical excitability to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in a group of de novo CD patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty CD patients underwent a screening for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms by means of the Mini Mental State Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, respectively. Instrumental exams, including electroencephalography and brain computed tomography, were also performed. Cortico-spinal excitability was assessed by means of single and paired-pulse TMS using the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the dominant hand. TMS measures consisted of resting motor threshold, motor evoked potentials, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF). None of the CD was on gluten-free diet. A group of 20 age-matched healthy controls was used for comparisons.
RESULTS
CD showed a significantly shorter CSP (78.0 vs 125.0 ms, p<0.025), a reduced ICI (0.3 vs 0.2, p<0.045) and an enhanced ICF (1.1 vs 0.7, p<0.042) compared to controls. A dysthymic disorder was identified in five patients. The effect size between dysthymic and non-dysthymic CD patients indicated a low probability of interference with the CSP (Cohen's d -0.414), ICI (-0.278) and ICF (-0.292) measurements.
CONCLUSION
A pattern of cortical excitability characterized by "disinhibition" and "hyperfacilitation" was found in CD patients. Immune system dysregulation might play a central role in triggering changes of the motor cortex excitability.
Topics: Adult; Celiac Disease; Central Nervous System; Diet, Gluten-Free; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motor Cortex; Muscle, Skeletal; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 25062250
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102790 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2017Depression, a psychiatric and dysthymic disorder, severely affects the learning, work and life quality. The main pathogenesis of depression is associated with central...
Depression, a psychiatric and dysthymic disorder, severely affects the learning, work and life quality. The main pathogenesis of depression is associated with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Taurine has been demonstrated to exert protective effects on the brain development and can improve learning ability and memory. Our study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of taurine pre-treatment by examining the changes in depression-like behavior, hormones, neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus of a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rat model. Taurine was found to inhibit the decrease of sucrose consumption and prevent the deficiency of spatial memory and anxiety in rats exposed to CUMS, suggesting a preventive effect of taurine on depression-like behavior. Furthermore, the decreased levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, noradrenaline; the increased levels of glutamate, corticosterone; and the decreased expressions of fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and brain derived neurotrophic factor in depressive rats were hindered by taurine pre-administration. However, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels were not significantly changed by taurine. The results demonstrated that the anti-depressive effect of taurine may be involved in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the promotion of neurogenesis, neuronal survival and growth in the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Norepinephrine; Rats; Serotonin; Spatial Memory; Stress, Psychological; Taurine
PubMed: 28694433
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05051-3 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors...
BACKGROUND
Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors in female and male patients with oral cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective search of the TriNetX network (TriNetX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with oral cancer (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes C02-C06), within the past 20 years from the access date April 21, 2023. Patients were categorized according to sex (female vs. male). Following matching for age and risk factors such as nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and risk, odds, and hazard ratios were calculated. Outcome variables were five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the female and male patient cohort were compared with regard to the novel diagnosis of depression (depressive episode, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder) after the tumor diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 77,348 patients were assessed. After propensity score matching, 26,578 male and 26,578 female patients were included in each group (mean age 63 years). DFS (71.92% in females vs. 68.29% in males; hazard ratio (HR) 0.870; < 0.001) and OS (77.08% in females vs. 71.74% in males; HR 0.793; < 0.001) were significantly higher in the female cohort. However, in patients diagnosed with depression after the initial cancer diagnosis (N = 4,824), survival was worse in female patients compared to male patients (82.48% in females vs. 86.10% in males; HR 1.341; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This retrospective case-control study showed that females with oral cancer had a better DFS and OS than males. However, survival in females with a newly diagnosed depression after the oral cancer diagnosis was worse compared to those of male oral cancer patients. Depression may be a relevant prognostic factor that contributes to sex disparities in oral cancer patients.
PubMed: 37901332
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248926 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2017This study reports on the complexity modulation of heartbeat dynamics in patients affected by bipolar disorder. In particular, a multiscale entropy analysis was applied...
This study reports on the complexity modulation of heartbeat dynamics in patients affected by bipolar disorder. In particular, a multiscale entropy analysis was applied to the R-R interval series, that were derived from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals for a group of nineteen subjects comprised of eight patients and eleven healthy control subjects. They were monitored using a textile-based sensorized t-shirt during the day and overnight for a total of 47 diurnal and 27 nocturnal recordings. Patients showed three different mood states: depression, hypomania and euthymia. Results show a clear loss of complexity during depressive and hypomanic states as compared to euthymic and healthy control states. In addition, we observed that a more significant complexity modulation among healthy and pathological mood states occurs during the night. These findings suggest that bipolar disorder is associated with an enhanced sleep-related dysregulation of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity, and that heartbeat complex dynamics may serve as a viable marker of pathological conditions in mental health.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autonomic Nervous System; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Circadian Rhythm; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Prognosis; Sleep Wake Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 29263393
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18036-z