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Depression and Anxiety Oct 2016Anxiety disorders are prevalent in youth and associated with later depressive disorders. A recent model posits three distinct anxiety-depression pathways. Pathway 1... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Anxiety disorders are prevalent in youth and associated with later depressive disorders. A recent model posits three distinct anxiety-depression pathways. Pathway 1 represents youth with a diathesis to anxiety that increases risk for depressive disorders; Pathway 2 describes youth with a shared anxiety-depression diathesis; and Pathway 3 consists of youth with a diathesis for depression who develop anxiety as a consequence of depression impairment. This is the first partial test of this model following cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for child anxiety.
METHOD
The present study included individuals (N = 66; M age = 27.23 years, SD = 3.54) treated with CBT for childhood anxiety disorders 7-19 years (M = 16.24; SD = 3.56) earlier. Information regarding anxiety (i.e., social phobia (SoP), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)) and mood disorders (i.e., major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorders) was obtained at pretreatment, posttreatment, and one or more follow-up intervals via interviews and self-reports.
RESULTS
Evidence of pathways from SoP, SAD, and GAD to later depressive disorders was not observed. Treatment responders evidenced reduced GAD and SoP over time, although SoP was observed to have a more chronic and enduring pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence for typically observed pathways from childhood anxiety disorders was not observed. Future research should prospectively examine if CBT treatment response disrupts commonly observed pathways.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Recurrence; Risk; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 27433887
DOI: 10.1002/da.22544 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Aug 2015Problem and pathological gamblers are significantly more likely to experience mood disorders, compared with the general population. Our study examined the relation of...
OBJECTIVE
Problem and pathological gamblers are significantly more likely to experience mood disorders, compared with the general population. Our study examined the relation of psychological characteristics (personality, trait impulsiveness, and gambling motives) to current co-occurring mood disorder (major depression and dysthymia) status among problem and pathological gamblers.
METHOD
Problem and pathological gamblers (N = 150) underwent a clinical interview to assess current co-occurring mood disorders; participants completed measures of problem gambling severity, personality, impulsiveness, and gambling motives.
RESULTS
Problem and pathological gamblers with a current co-occurring mood disorder were more likely to be female, older, and to report higher lifetime and past-year gambling severity. A co-occurring mood disorder was associated with higher personality scores for alienation and stress reaction, lower scores for well-being, social closeness, and control, as well as higher impulsiveness scores for urgency and lack of premeditation, and lower sensation seeking scores. Participants with a co-occurring mood disorder also reported higher coping motives for gambling. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that personality factors (lower social closeness and higher alienation) contributed to the greatest likelihood of being diagnosed with a co-occurring mood disorder.
CONCLUSIONS
Mood disorders frequently co-occur with problem and pathological gambling, and they are associated with greater gambling severity. These findings highlight that interpersonal facets of personality contribute substantially to co-occurring mood disorder status. Implications for treatment will be discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Gambling; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult
PubMed: 26454559
DOI: 10.1177/070674371506000806 -
European Psychiatry : the Journal of... Nov 2021Ratings of affective temperament types show promise in helping to differentiate diagnostic groups among major affective disorders as well as to predict associations with...
BACKGROUND
Ratings of affective temperament types show promise in helping to differentiate diagnostic groups among major affective disorders as well as to predict associations with important aspects of morbidity including suicidal risk.
METHODS
The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego auto-rating (TEMPS-A) questionnaire was completed by 858 unselected, consecutive, consenting adults diagnosed with a DSM-5 major affective disorder (173 bipolar-1 [BD-1]), 250 BD-2, 435 major depressive disorder [MDD]) to score for anxious (anx), cyclothymic (cyc), dysthymic (dys), hyperthymic (hyp), and irritable (irr) affective temperaments. We tested their associations with diagnosis and selected clinical factors, including diagnosis, depression scores, suicidal ideation or acts, substance abuse, episodes/year, and %-time ill.
RESULTS
Scores for cyc ranked: BD-2 > BD-1 > MDD; anx ranked: MDD > BD-2 > BD-1; irr was greater in BD than MDD; dys was greater in MDD than BD; hyp did not differ by diagnosis. We confirmed associations of suicidal risk with higher scores of all temperament types except lower hyp scores. Higher cyc and irr scores and lower anx scores were associated with substance abuse. Several scores were higher with measures of greater affective morbidity: cyc with current depression, episodes/year, and %-time ill; irr with more episodes and depressions/year and greater %-time manic. Some of these associations were selective for BD or MDD.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that TEMPS-A ratings of affective temperament types can contribute to differential diagnoses and predict types and amounts of affective morbidity, as well as detecting suicidal risks.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Irritable Mood; Morbidity; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temperament
PubMed: 34812134
DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2252 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2019The current study aimed to examine the association between long-term (36 months) multimodal (pharmacological and psychological) treatment and psychopathology and...
AIM
The current study aimed to examine the association between long-term (36 months) multimodal (pharmacological and psychological) treatment and psychopathology and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the perspectives of both the children and parents.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (21 boys, 2 girls, mean age = 13.46 years, = 2.36) and 23 healthy control children (11 boys, 12 girls, mean age = 12.49 years, = 1.75). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) was applied to measure psychopathology and both parent and self-rated versions of the Inventory for the Measure of the Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents were used to assess HRQoL at baseline and at the 36-month follow-up visit. The ADHD group took part in multimodal (medical and behavioral) therapy. The healthy control group did not get any intervention.
RESULTS
At the baseline, the ADHD group was characterized with higher scores in nine MINI Kid scales and showed lower HRQoL than the control group according to both children and their parents. At the 36-month follow-up visit six scale scores (ADHD, social phobia, oppositional defiance and conduct disorder, major depressive episode, dysthymic disorder) showed statistically significant decreases in the ADHD group, while these scores were constant in the control group. Parent-rated HRQoL was significantly lower in the clinical group at baseline than at the end of the study, but there were no significant changes in the control group. Self-reported changes in HRQoL matched parent-reported changes.
INTERPRETATION
Multimodal therapy is associated with decreased psychopathology and improved HRQoL over the long term.
PubMed: 31607973
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02037 -
Population Health Metrics Sep 2020Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017...
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD-2017) for depressive disorders in Brazil and its Federated Units (FUs) in 1990 and 2017.
METHODS
We used GBD-2017 study methodology to evaluate the prevalence estimates, the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), and the years lived with disability (YLDs) for depressive disorders, which include major depressive disorder and dysthymia. The YLD estimates and the position of these disorders in the DALY and YLD rankings were compared to those of seven other countries. The observed versus expected YLD, based on the sociodemographic index (SDI), were compared.
RESULTS
In GBD-2017, the prevalence of depressive disorders in Brazil was 3.30% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 3.08 to 3.57), ranging from 3.79% (3.53 to 4.09) in Santa Catarina to 2.78% in Pará (2.56 to 3.03), with significant differences between the Federated Units. From 1990 to 2017, there was an increase in number of YLD (55.19%, 49.57 to 60.73), but a decrease in the age-standardized rates (- 9.01%, - 11.66 to - 6.31). The highest proportion of YLD was observed in the age range of 15-64 years and among females. These disorders rank 4th and 13th as leading causes of YLD and DALY, respectively, in Brazil. In the other countries evaluated, the ranking of these disorders in the YLD classification was close to Brazil's, while in the DALY classification, there was higher variability. All countries had YLD rates similar to the overall rate. The observed/expected YLD ratio ranged from 0.81 in Pará to 1.16 in Santa Catarina. Morbidity of depressive disorders was not associated with SDI.
CONCLUSIONS
Depressive disorders have been responsible for a high disability burden since 1990, especially in adult women living in the Southern region of the country. The number of people affected by these disorders in the country tends to increase, requiring more investment in mental health aimed at advancements and quality of services. The epidemiological studies of these disorders throughout the national territory can contribute to this planning and to making the Brazilian health system more equitable.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Brazil; Child; Depressive Disorder; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Residence Characteristics; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32993670
DOI: 10.1186/s12963-020-00204-5 -
Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin... Oct 2018Comorbidity of migraine and mood disorders has long been recognized. Most of the studies have focused on the relationship between migraine and major depression with only...
OBJECTIVES
Comorbidity of migraine and mood disorders has long been recognized. Most of the studies have focused on the relationship between migraine and major depression with only few studies suggesting a special association between migraine and bipolar spectrum disorders. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bipolar disorder in migraine patients in a specialized headache outpatient clinic.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 78 consecutive patients with migraine headache presenting to the specialized headache outpatient clinic in a Medical Faculty. Migraine diagnosis was established with the International Headache Society's criteria for migraine. Patients were evaluated with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for mood disorders. Bipolar spectrum definition was broadened with the presence of Akiskal's criteria for affective temperaments (cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and depressive).
RESULTS
Patients in the bipolar spectrum comprised 10.3% (n=8) of the sample. 11 patients (14.1%) had a diagnosis of unipolar depression and 7 patients (9%) had a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. 41% of the patients (n=32) had an affective temperament. Bipolar disorder was observed with increased frequency in this migraine sufferer population, supporting previous findings of increased prevalence of bipolar disorders in patients with migraine.
CONCLUSION
Increased frequency of affective temperaments might be considered in the context of a common pathophysiological background for migraine and bipolar disorders where these temperaments are sub-threshold presentations of mood disorders. Therefore, the definition of patients with comorbid migraine and bipolar disorder may serve as a more homogenic subgroup of mood disorders for further studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders; Prevalence; Turkey
PubMed: 30403274
DOI: 10.5505/agri.2018.02439 -
Oncotarget Aug 2017This systematic review is to explore the prevalence of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. Articles of prevalence rates for depression in...
This systematic review is to explore the prevalence of depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. Articles of prevalence rates for depression in adult RA patients published before October 2015 were identified from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang database and other internet databases. Relevant journals and the recommendations of expert panels were also searched manually. Two independent reviewers searched and assessed the literature. Therelevant data were applied with Meta-Analyst 3.13 software, and the forest plot and funnel plot were performed. 21 studies with a total of 4447 patients were selected to be enrolled in this study. The prevalence of depression by analyzing the effect size was 48% [95% CI (41%, 56%)]. The prevalence of minor depression and dysthymic disorder was 30% [95%CI (23%, 38%)], and the moderate or major depression was 18% [95%CI (11%, 29%)], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the depression rate of female RA patients was higher than male. The depression rate in the central and western areas were higher than that of the eastern region of China, the prevalence level estimated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was higher than estimated by other tools. Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled effect size had good stability and reliability, To be conclusive, the prevalence rate of depression in RA patients is 48%, which suggesting that medical staff should pay more attention to depression in adult patients with RA.
PubMed: 28881836
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17323 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2016The search for objective biomarkers of psychiatric disorders has a long history. Despite this, no universally accepted instruments or methods to detect biomarkers have...
INTRODUCTION
The search for objective biomarkers of psychiatric disorders has a long history. Despite this, no universally accepted instruments or methods to detect biomarkers have been developed. One potential exception is near-infrared spectroscopy, although interpreting the measures of blood flow recorded with this technique remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between recorded blood flow and depression severity assessed using the Hamilton depression scale in patients with various psychiatric disorders.
METHODS
Enrolled patients (n=43) had DSM-IV diagnoses of major depressive disorder (n=25), bipolar disorder I (n=5), schizophrenia (n=3), dysthymic disorder (n=3), psychotic disorder (n=3), panic disorder (n=2), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n=2). The verbal fluency task was administered during blood flow recording from the frontal and temporal lobes.
RESULTS
We found that severity of depression was negatively correlated with the integral value of blood flow in the frontal lobe, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis (F=5.94, p=0.02).
DISCUSSION
Our results support blood flow in the frontal lobe as a potential biomarker of depression severity across various psychiatric disorders.
LIMITATION
Limited sample size, no replication in the second set.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder; Female; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxyhemoglobins; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Regional Blood Flow; Severity of Illness Index; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 27449547
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.013 -
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk... 2019The aim of this study was to primarily determine factors associated with the depressive disorders in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to primarily determine factors associated with the depressive disorders in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).
METHODS
CAPD patients were recruited from the chronic kidney disease and CAPD Clinic of University Hospital. The stable CAPD patients for at least 3 months were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, renal conditions, and depressive disorder were evaluated. In addition to determining prevalence rate of depressive disorders, identification of factors associated with depressive disorders in CAPD patients were analyzed by using the multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward elimination procedure.
RESULTS
The eligible participants were 108 patients. The study found that 11% of CAPD patients were diagnosed with depressive disorders including, minor depressive, dysthymic, and major depressive disorders. Additionally, the depressive disorders were associated with the duration between the diagnosis date of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the initial treatment date (=0.043). Accordingly, the ESRD patients diagnosed in <12 months had 3.57-fold higher risk of depressive disorders than the patients diagnosed after a long time.
CONCLUSION
The rate of prevalence for depressive disorder is high in the CAPD patients. Additionally, the results of this study have shown the relationship between depressive disorder and time for diagnosis of ESRD. Specifically, the risk of depressive disorder increases when patients have a shorter duration between the dates of ESRD diagnosis and initial treatment. In addition to closed monitoring for those patients, the psychiatrists should be consulted for evaluation and treatment of depressive disorders for the suspected high risk patients.
PubMed: 31015762
DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S186394 -
Noise & Health 2017Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms are associated with abnormalities in regulation of BDNF secretion. Studies also linked BDNF polymorphisms...
BACKGROUND
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms are associated with abnormalities in regulation of BDNF secretion. Studies also linked BDNF polymorphisms with changes in brainstem auditory-evoked response test results. Furthermore, BDNF levels are reduced in tinnitus, psychiatric disorders, depression, dysthymic disorder that may be associated with stress, conversion disorder, and suicide attempts due to crises of life. For this purpose, we investigated whether there is any role of BDNF changes in the pathophysiology of tinnitus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, we examined the possible effects of BDNF variants in individuals diagnosed with tinnitus for more than 3 months. Fifty-two tinnitus subjects between the ages of 18 and 55, and 42 years healthy control subjects in the same age group, who were free of any otorhinolaryngology and systemic disease, were selected for examination. The intensity of tinnitus and depression was measured using the tinnitus handicap inventory, and the differential diagnosis of psychiatric diagnoses made using the Structured Clinical Interview for Fourth Edition of Mental Disorders. BDNF gene polymorphism was analyzed in the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples extracted from the venous blood, and the serum levels of BDNF were measured. One-way analysis of variance and Chi-squared tests were applied.
RESULTS
Serum BDNF level was found lower in the tinnitus patients than controls, and it appeared that there is no correlation between BDNF gene polymorphism and tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests neurotrophic factors such as BDNF may have a role in tinnitus etiology. Future studies with larger sample size may be required to further confirm our results.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Tinnitus; Young Adult
PubMed: 28615544
DOI: 10.4103/nah.NAH_74_16