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RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Sep 2018
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Dermatomyositis; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Methotrexate; Muscle, Skeletal; Polymyositis
PubMed: 29698985
DOI: 10.1055/a-0591-5552 -
PLoS Genetics Jun 2023Endocrine signaling networks control diverse biological processes and life history traits across metazoans. In both invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, steroid hormones... (Review)
Review
Endocrine signaling networks control diverse biological processes and life history traits across metazoans. In both invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, steroid hormones regulate immune system function in response to intrinsic and environmental stimuli, such as microbial infection. The mechanisms of this endocrine-immune regulation are complex and constitute an ongoing research endeavor facilitated by genetically tractable animal models. The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the major steroid hormone in arthropods, primarily studied for its essential role in mediating developmental transitions and metamorphosis; 20E also modulates innate immunity in a variety of insect taxa. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of 20E-mediated innate immune responses. The prevalence of correlations between 20E-driven developmental transitions and innate immune activation are summarized across a range of holometabolous insects. Subsequent discussion focuses on studies conducted using the extensive genetic resources available in Drosophila that have begun to reveal the mechanisms underlying 20E regulation of immunity in the contexts of both development and bacterial infection. Lastly, I propose directions for future research into 20E regulation of immunity that will advance our knowledge of how interactive endocrine networks coordinate animals' physiological responses to environmental microbes.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Steroids; Drosophila; Immunity, Innate; Juvenile Hormones; Ecdysterone; Metamorphosis, Biological
PubMed: 37319172
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010782 -
Journal of Pesticide Science Feb 2021The discovery of juvenile hormones (JH) and their synthetic analogs (JHA) generated excitement and hope that these compounds will replace first- and second-generation...
The discovery of juvenile hormones (JH) and their synthetic analogs (JHA) generated excitement and hope that these compounds will replace first- and second-generation insecticides that have not so desirable environmental and human safety profiles. However, JHAs used commercially during the past four decades did not meet these expectations. The recent availability of advanced molecular and histological methods and the discovery of key players involved in JH action provided some insights into the functioning of JHA in a stage and species-specific manner. In this review, we will summarize recent findings and stage-specific action of JHA, focusing on three commercially used JHA, methoprene, hydroprene and pyriproxyfen and economically important pests, the red flour beetle, , and the tobacco budworm, , and disease vector, the yellow fever mosquito, .
PubMed: 33746542
DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.D20-084 -
Paediatric Drugs Oct 2017The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood consist of a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases characterised by proximal muscle weakness and pathognomonic... (Review)
Review
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood consist of a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases characterised by proximal muscle weakness and pathognomonic skin rashes. The overall prognosis of juvenile myositis has improved significantly over recent years, but the long-term outcome differs substantially from patient to patient, suggestive of distinct clinical phenotypes with variable responses to treatment. High doses of corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy along with other immunosuppressant therapies depending on disease severity and response. The advent of biological drugs has revolutionised the management of various paediatric rheumatologic diseases, including inflammatory myopathies. There are few data from randomised controlled trials to guide management decisions; thus, several algorithms for the treatment of juvenile myositis have been developed using international expert opinion. The general treatment goals now include elimination of active disease and normalisation of physical function, so as to preserve normal growth and development, and to prevent long-term damage and deformities. This review summarises the newer and possible future therapies of juvenile inflammatory myopathies, including evidence supporting their efficacy and safety.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Child; Dermatomyositis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Janus Kinases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28550457
DOI: 10.1007/s40272-017-0240-6 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2015Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic disease causing uveitis in childhood, with a prevalence of 10 per 100 000 persons. JIA often takes a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common systemic disease causing uveitis in childhood, with a prevalence of 10 per 100 000 persons. JIA often takes a severe inflammatory course, and its complications often endanger vision.
METHODS
This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective literature search up to 18 August 2014 and on the current interdisciplinary S2k guideline on the diagnostic evaluation and anti-inflammatory treatment of juvenile idiopathic uveitis.
RESULTS
Uveitis arises in roughly 1 in 10 patients with JIA. Regular eye check-ups should be performed starting as soon as JIA is diagnosed. 75-80% of patients are girls; antinuclear antibodies are found in 70-90%. The risk to vision is higher if JIA begins in the preschool years. As for treatment, only a single, small-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a small number of prospective trials have been published to date. Topical corticosteroids should be given as the initial treatment. Systemic immunosuppression is needed if irritation persists despite topical corticosteroids, if new complications arise, or if the topical steroids have to be given in excessively high doses or have unacceptable side effects. If the therapeutic effect remains inadequate, conventional and biological immune modulators can be given as add-on (escalation) therapy. Treatment lowers the risk of uveitis and its complications and thereby improves the prognosis for good visual function.
CONCLUSION
Severely affected patients should be treated in competence centers to optimize their long-term outcome. Multidisciplinary, individualized treatment is needed because of the chronic course of active inflammation and the ensuing high risk of complications that can endanger vision. Future improvements in therapy will be aided by prospective, population-based registries and by basic research on biomarkers for the prediction of disease onset, prognosis, tissue damage, and therapeutic response.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis, Juvenile; Causality; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uveitis
PubMed: 25721436
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0092 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Protein translation (PT) declines with age in invertebrates, rodents, and humans. It has been assumed that elevated PT at young ages is beneficial to health and PT ends...
Protein translation (PT) declines with age in invertebrates, rodents, and humans. It has been assumed that elevated PT at young ages is beneficial to health and PT ends up dropping as a passive byproduct of aging. In Drosophila, we show that a transient elevation in PT during early-adulthood exerts long-lasting negative impacts on aging trajectories and proteostasis in later-life. Blocking the early-life PT elevation robustly improves life-/health-span and prevents age-related protein aggregation, whereas transiently inducing an early-life PT surge in long-lived fly strains abolishes their longevity/proteostasis benefits. The early-life PT elevation triggers proteostatic dysfunction, silences stress responses, and drives age-related functional decline via juvenile hormone-lipid transfer protein axis and germline signaling. Our findings suggest that PT is adaptively suppressed after early-adulthood, alleviating later-life proteostatic burden, slowing down age-related functional decline, and improving lifespan. Our work provides a theoretical framework for understanding how lifetime PT dynamics shape future aging trajectories.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Adult; Aging; Longevity; Drosophila; Germ Cells; Juvenile Hormones; Protein Biosynthesis
PubMed: 37596266
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40618-x -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2020
Topics: Animals; Ants; Epigenesis, Genetic; Feeding Behavior; Juvenile Hormones; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
PubMed: 33154125
DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4367 -
Current Opinion in Insect Science Oct 2018The juvenile hormones (JHs) are a family of insect acyclic sesquiterpenoids produced by the corpora allata (CA), a pair of endocrine glands connected to the brain. They... (Review)
Review
The juvenile hormones (JHs) are a family of insect acyclic sesquiterpenoids produced by the corpora allata (CA), a pair of endocrine glands connected to the brain. They are involved in the regulation of development, reproduction, behavior, caste determination, diapause, stress response, and numerous polyphenisms. In the post-genomics era, comprehensive analyses using functional 'omics' technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have increased our understanding of the activity of the minute CA. This review attempts to summarize some of the 'omics' studies that have contributed to further understand JH synthesis in insects, with an emphasis on our own research on the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Insect Proteins; Insecta; Juvenile Hormones; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Proteome; Proteomics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 30551825
DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.013 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2018A common feature of the aging process is a decline in immune system performance. Extensive research has sought to elucidate how changes in adaptive immunity contribute... (Review)
Review
A common feature of the aging process is a decline in immune system performance. Extensive research has sought to elucidate how changes in adaptive immunity contribute to aging and to provide evidence showing that changes in innate immunity have an important role in the overall decline of net immune function. is an emerging model used to address questions related to immunosenescence via research that integrates its capacity for genetic dissection of aging with groundbreaking molecular biology related to innate immunity. Herein, we review information on the immunosenescence of and suggest its possible mechanisms that involve changes in insulin/IGF(insulin-like growth factor)-1 signaling, hormones such as juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, and feedback system degeneration. Lastly, the emerging role of microbiota on the regulation of immunity and aging in is discussed.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Drosophila Proteins; Drosophila melanogaster; Ecdysterone; Feedback, Physiological; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunity, Innate; Immunosenescence; Insulin; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Juvenile Hormones; Models, Biological; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30134574
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092472 -
Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal May 2016In the recent years, musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been regarded as especially promising in the assessment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a reliable... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the recent years, musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has been regarded as especially promising in the assessment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a reliable method to precisely document and monitor the synovial inflammation process.
MAIN CONTENT
MSUS is particularly suited for examination of joints in children due to several advantages over other imaging modalities. Some challenges should be considered for correct interpretation of MSUS findings in children, due to the peculiar features of the growing skeleton. MSUS in JIA is considered particularly useful for its ability to detect subclinical synovitis, to improve the classification of patients in JIA subtypes, for the definition of remission, as guidance to intraarticular corticosteroid injections and for capturing early articular damage. Current evidence and applications of MSUS in JIA are documented by several authors. Recent advances and insights into further investigations on MSUS in healthy children and in JIA patients are presented and discussed in the present review.
CONCLUSIONS
MSUS shows great promise in the assessment and management of children with JIA. Nonetheless, anatomical knowledge of sonographic changes over time, underlying immunopathophysiology, standardization and validation of MSUS in healthy children and in patients with JIA are still under investigation. Further research and educational efforts are required for expanding this imaging modality to more clinicians in their daily practice.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Arthritis, Juvenile; Bone Diseases; Cartilage Diseases; Child; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Musculoskeletal Development; Musculoskeletal System; Prognosis; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 27234966
DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0096-2