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Nutrients May 2019Flaxseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fiber. These compounds provide bioactivity of... (Review)
Review
Flaxseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fiber. These compounds provide bioactivity of value to the health of animals and humans through their anti-inflammatory action, anti-oxidative capacity and lipid modulating properties. The characteristics of ingesting flaxseed or its bioactive components are discussed in this article. The benefits of administering flaxseed or the individual bioactive components on health and disease are also discussed in this review. Specifically, the current evidence on the benefits or limitations of dietary flaxseed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gastro-intestinal health and brain development and function, as well as hormonal status in menopausal women, are comprehensive topics for discussion.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Brain; Butylene Glycols; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Flax; Functional Food; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glucosides; Hormones; Humans; Lignans; Lipid Metabolism; Neoplasms; Seeds; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 31130604
DOI: 10.3390/nu11051171 -
Planta Medica Nov 2018and bark extracts have been used for thousands of years in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicines and are still widely employed as herbal preparations for their... (Review)
Review
and bark extracts have been used for thousands of years in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicines and are still widely employed as herbal preparations for their sedative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antispastic effects. Neolignans, particularly magnolol and honokiol, are the main substances responsible for the beneficial properties of the magnolia bark extract (MBE). The content of magnolol and honokiol in MBE depends on different factors, including the plant species, the area of origin, the part of the plant employed, and the method used to prepare the extract. The biological and pharmacological activities of magnolol and honokiol have been extensively investigated. Here we review the safety and toxicological properties of magnolol and honokiol as pure substances or as components of concentrated MBE, including the potential side-effects in humans after oral intake. and genotoxicity studies indicated that concentrated MBE has no mutagenic and genotoxic potential, while a subchronic study performed according to OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines established a no adverse effect level for concentrated MBE > 240 mg/kg b.w/d. Similar to other dietary polyphenols, magnolol and honokiol are subject to glucuronidation, and despite a relatively quick clearance, an interaction with pharmaceutical active principles or other herbal constituents cannot be excluded. However, intervention trials employing concentrated MBE for up to 1 y did not report adverse effects. In conclusion, over the recent years different food safety authorities evaluated magnolol and honokiol and considered them safe.
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Drug Interactions; Humans; Lignans; Magnolia; Mutagenicity Tests; Plant Extracts; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 29925102
DOI: 10.1055/a-0642-1966 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Since chronic inflammation can be seen in severe, long-lasting diseases such as cancer, there is a high demand for effective methods to modulate inflammatory responses.... (Review)
Review
Since chronic inflammation can be seen in severe, long-lasting diseases such as cancer, there is a high demand for effective methods to modulate inflammatory responses. Among many therapeutic candidates, lignans, absorbed from various plant sources, represent a type of phytoestrogen classified into secoisolariciresionol (Seco), pinoresinol (Pino), matairesinol (Mat), medioresinol (Med), sesamin (Ses), syringaresinol (Syr), and lariciresinol (Lari). Lignans consumed by humans can be further modified into END or ENL by the activities of gut microbiota. Lignans are known to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, together with activity in estrogen receptor-dependent pathways. Lignans may have therapeutic potential for postmenopausal symptoms, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and psychological disorders. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of lignans has been demonstrated in various cancer cell lines, including hormone-dependent breast cancer and prostate cancer, as well as colorectal cancer. Interestingly, the molecular mechanisms of lignans in these diseases involve the inhibition of inflammatory signals, including the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Therefore, we summarize the recent in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the biological effects of various lignans, focusing on their values as effective anti-inflammatory agents.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Lignans; Neoplasms; NF-kappa B; Phytoestrogens
PubMed: 36555124
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415482 -
Nutrients Sep 2022Sesame ( L.), of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the first oil crops used in humans. It is widely grown and has a mellow flavor and high nutritional value, making it... (Review)
Review
Sesame ( L.), of the Pedaliaceae family, is one of the first oil crops used in humans. It is widely grown and has a mellow flavor and high nutritional value, making it very popular in the diet. Sesame seeds are rich in protein and lipids and have many health benefits. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials have found sesame seeds to be rich in lignan-like active ingredients. They have antioxidant, cholesterol reduction, blood lipid regulation, liver and kidney protection, cardiovascular system protection, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and other effects, which have great benefits to human health. In addition, the aqueous extract of sesame has been shown to be safe for animals. As an important medicinal and edible homologous food, sesame is used in various aspects of daily life such as food, feed, and cosmetics. The health food applications of sesame are increasing. This paper reviews the progress of research on the nutritional value, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing uses of sesame to support the further development of more functionalities of sesame.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Lignans; Lipids; Nutritive Value; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sesamum
PubMed: 36235731
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194079 -
European Journal of Nutrition Apr 2022Dietary lignans are phytoestrogens that are mostly found in plant-based foods, especially whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes and vegetables. An accurate assessment of... (Review)
Review
Dietary lignans are phytoestrogens that are mostly found in plant-based foods, especially whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes and vegetables. An accurate assessment of lignan exposure is crucial to evaluate their potential health benefits and to establish future recommendations and dietary guidelines. This narrative review aimed to (i) summarize the pros and the cons of the current main assessment methods for lignan exposure─i.e., dietary questionnaires, food composition tables and biomarkers, (ii) describe the individual lignans more consumed from a worldwide perspective, as well as their main food sources, (iii) determine the lignans concentrations in both urine and blood, and explore their heterogeneity among countries, and finally (iv) discuss the main determinants of lignan exposure.
Topics: Diet; Lignans; Nuts; Phytoestrogens; Vegetables
PubMed: 34799775
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02736-4 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2019The 13 research articles/communications, six reviews, and one perspective that comprise this Special Issue on Lignans, highlight the most recent research and...
The 13 research articles/communications, six reviews, and one perspective that comprise this Special Issue on Lignans, highlight the most recent research and investigations into this diverse and important class of bioactive natural products [...].
Topics: Biological Products; Humans; Lignans
PubMed: 30978936
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071424 -
Journal of the American College of... Aug 2021
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Lignans; Polyphenols
PubMed: 34384549
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.014 -
Dermatologic Therapy Aug 2022Honokiol is one of the natural extracts of Magnolia officinalis. It is a small molecule, lipophilic compound with extensive biological effects. It has been used in the... (Review)
Review
Honokiol is one of the natural extracts of Magnolia officinalis. It is a small molecule, lipophilic compound with extensive biological effects. It has been used in the treatment of multisystem diseases, including digestive diseases, endocrine diseases, nervous system diseases, and various tumors. This paper reviews the biological effects of honokiol on the treatment of skin diseases in recent years, including anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-allergy, photo-protection, and immunomodulation. Most current researches are focused on the effects of anti-melanoma and photo-protection. Therefore, we summarized the specific mechanisms about these two effects. On the other side of treating skin diseases, the advantages of topical drugs cannot be replaced. As a small molecule fat-soluble compound, honokiol is suitable for external use. We reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the topical mixed cream and various improved methods. These improvements include physical and chemical penetration enhancers, drug carriers, and chemical derivatives. In conclusion, honokiol has a wide range of effects, and its topical preparation provides a safe and effective way for treating skin diseases.
Topics: Allyl Compounds; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Dermatology; Humans; Lignans; Phenols; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 35726011
DOI: 10.1111/dth.15658 -
Journal of Natural Products Oct 2019Three new tetrahydrobenzocyclooctabenzofuranone lignan glucosides, longipedunculatins A-C (-), a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan glucoside, longipedunculatin D (), a...
Three new tetrahydrobenzocyclooctabenzofuranone lignan glucosides, longipedunculatins A-C (-), a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan glucoside, longipedunculatin D (), a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan (), five new tetrahydrobenzocyclooctabenzofuranone lignans (-), and two new simple lignans (, ) were isolated from the roots of Their structures and absolute configurations were established using a combination of MS, NMR, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compound showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against -acetyl--aminophenol-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells with a cell survival rate at 10 μM of 50.8%. Compounds , , and showed significant in vitro inhibitory effects with an inhibition rate of 55.1%, 74.9%, and 89.8% on nitric oxide production assays at 10 μM.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Cyclooctanes; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Kadsura; Lignans; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nitric Oxide; Plant Roots; Protective Agents
PubMed: 31556297
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00576 -
Nutrients Mar 2023The gut microbiome has been shown to play a role in the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic health. We sought to examine the degree to which key microbial...
The gut microbiome has been shown to play a role in the relationship between diet and cardiometabolic health. We sought to examine the degree to which key microbial lignan metabolites are involved in the relationship between diet quality and cardiometabolic health using a multidimensional framework. This analysis was undertaken using cross-sectional data from 4685 US adults (age 43.6 ± 16.5 years; 50.4% female) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2010. Dietary data were collected from one to two separate 24-hour dietary recalls and diet quality was characterized using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Cardiometabolic health markers included blood lipid profile, glycemic control, adiposity, and blood pressure. Microbial lignan metabolites considered were urinary concentrations of enterolignans, including enterolactone and enterodiol, with higher levels indicating a healthier gut microbial environment. Models were visually examined using a multidimensional approach and statistically analyzed using three-dimensional generalized additive models. There was a significant interactive association between diet quality and microbial lignan metabolites for triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, oral glucose tolerance, adiposity, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (all < 0.05). Each of these cardiometabolic health markers displayed an association such that optimal cardiometabolic health was only observed in individuals with both high diet quality and elevated urinary enterolignans. When comparing effect sizes on the multidimensional response surfaces and model selection criteria, the strongest support for a potential moderating relationship of the gut microbiome was observed for fasting triglycerides and oral glucose tolerance. In this study, we revealed interactive associations of diet quality and microbial lignan metabolites with cardiometabolic health markers. These findings suggest that the overall association of diet quality on cardiometabolic health may be affected by the gut microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Risk Factors; Nutrition Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Obesity; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL; Lignans
PubMed: 36986142
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061412