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Medicina Clinica May 2021Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver neoplasm and one of the most common causes of death in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In parallel,...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver neoplasm and one of the most common causes of death in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In parallel, with recognition of the clinical relevance of this cancer, major new developments have recently appeared in its diagnosis, prognostic assessment and in particular, in its treatment. Therefore, the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH) has driven the need to update the clinical practice guidelines, once again inviting all the societies involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease to participate in the drafting and approval of the document: Spanish Society for Liver Transplantation (SETH), Spanish Society of Diagnostic Radiology (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC) and Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). The clinical practice guidelines published in 2016 and accepted as National Health System Clinical Practice Guidelines were taken as the reference documents, incorporating the most important recent advances. The scientific evidence and the strength of the recommendation is based on the GRADE system.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Consensus; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Radiology, Interventional
PubMed: 33461840
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.09.022 -
Revista Espanola de Medicina Nuclear E... 2023Surgical resection is considered the curative treatment par excellence for patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors. However, less than 40% of them are... (Review)
Review
Surgical resection is considered the curative treatment par excellence for patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors. However, less than 40% of them are candidates for surgery, either due to non-modifiable factors (comorbidities, age, liver dysfunction…), or to the invasion or proximity of the tumor to the main vascular requirements, the lack of a future liver remnant (FLR) adequate to maintain postoperative liver function, or criteria of tumor size and number. In these last factors, hepatic radioembolization has been shown to play a role as a presurgical tool, either by hypertrophy of the FLR or by reducing tumor size that manages to reduce tumor staging (term known as "downstaging"). To these is added a third factor, which is its ability to apply the test of time, which makes it possible to identify those patients who present progression of the disease in a short period of time (both locally and at distance), avoiding a unnecessary surgery. This paper aims to review RE as a tool to facilitate liver surgery, both through the experience of our center and the available scientific evidence.
Topics: Humans; Embolization, Therapeutic; Hepatectomy; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37321348
DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2023.06.002 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the... (Review)
Review
The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34703211
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S255582 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2019Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumour associated with the use of oral contraceptives or other steroid medications which occurs predominantly in... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumour associated with the use of oral contraceptives or other steroid medications which occurs predominantly in young and middle-aged women. Unlike other benign liver tumours, an HCA may be complicated by bleeding and malignant transformation. HCAs have been divided into four subtypes based on molecular and pathological features: hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated HCA, inflammatory HCA, β-catenin-mutated HCA, and unclassified HCA. β-catenin-mutated HCA has the highest risk of haemorrhage or malignant transformation. In the latest upgrade of the guidelines regarding the management of benign liver tumours published in 2016 by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recognized to be superior to all other imaging modalities in detecting HCAs and in being able to subtype HCAs up to 80%, with positive identification of 1α-mutated HCA or inflammatory HCA achievable with > 90% specificity. This review analyzed the imaging features of HCA using MRI with hepato-specific contrast agents, focusing on the limitations in the HCA characterization.
Topics: Adenoma, Liver Cell; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Europe; Female; Gastroenterology; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical Oncology; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 31171888
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i20.2442 -
Advances in Cancer Research 2015Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer, but the second leading cause of cancer death, in the world, with more than 700,000 fatalities annually. The major etiology... (Review)
Review
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer, but the second leading cause of cancer death, in the world, with more than 700,000 fatalities annually. The major etiology of liver cancer is infection with an hepatotropic virus such as hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. While chronic viral infection remains the main cause of liver disease and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), rates of nonviral-associated HCC are occurring at an alarmingly increasing rate. Like many cancers, survival rates are closely associated with time of detection. If HCC is caught early, survival rates can be as high as 50%. Regrettably, most cases of HCC are caught late where survival rates can be as low as 2-7%. Thus, there has been great interest in discovering serum biomarkers that could be used to identify those with HCC. To this end, many groups have examined the N-linked glycans to identify changes that occur with HCC. As the liver secretes the vast majority of proteins into the serum, this has often been a starting point for study. In serum, alterations in core fucosylation, outer-arm fucosylation, increased sialylation, and glycan branching have been observed in patients with HCC. Similar findings have been found directly in HCC tissue suggesting that these glycan changes may play a role in tumor formation and development.
Topics: Animals; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 25727150
DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2014.11.005 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2016Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of malignant liver tumor and a high impact health problem worldwide. The prevalence of HCC is particularly high... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of malignant liver tumor and a high impact health problem worldwide. The prevalence of HCC is particularly high in many Asian and African countries. Some HCC patients have no symptoms prior to diagnosis and many of them therefore present at late stage and have a grave prognosis. The well-established causes of HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System remains the most widely used for HCC management guidelines. To date, the treatments for HCC are still very challenging for physicians due to limited resources in many parts of the world, but many options of management have been proposed, including hepatic resection, liver transplantation, ablative therapy, chemoembolization, sora nib and best supportive care. This review article describes the current evidence-based management of HCC with focus on early to advance stages that impact on patient overall survival.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Management; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 27644603
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024
Topics: Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Animals; Tumor Microenvironment; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
PubMed: 38751429
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420381 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in medicine,... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in medicine, it is still a cancer with a very poor prognosis. Both imaging and liver biopsy still have important limitations, especially in very small nodules and those which show atypical imaging features. In recent years, liquid biopsy and molecular analysis of tumor breakdown products have become an attractive source of new biomarkers. Patients with liver and biliary malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may greatly benefit from ctDNA testing. These patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, and relapses are common. Molecular analysis may indicate the best cancer treatment tailored to particular patients with specific tumor DNA mutations. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive technique that facilitates the early detection of cancer. This review summarizes the knowledge of ctDNA in liquid biopsy as an indicator for early diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular cancer.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Circulating Tumor DNA; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 37298294
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119342 -
Molecular Cancer Jan 2017Liver cancer is an often fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and chemoresistance. The major malignant phenotypes of cancer, including recurrence,... (Review)
Review
Liver cancer is an often fatal malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and chemoresistance. The major malignant phenotypes of cancer, including recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance, are related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the past few decades, CSCs have been identified and characterized in many tumors including liver cancer. Accumulated evidence has revealed many aspects of the biological behavior of liver CSCs and the mechanism of their regulation. Based on these findings, a number of studies have investigated eradication of liver CSCs. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of the biology of liver CSCs and the development of strategies for their treatment.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Radiation Tolerance; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 28137313
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0572-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021This report explores the available curative molecules directed against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited efficiency as well as other drawbacks of existing... (Review)
Review
This report explores the available curative molecules directed against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited efficiency as well as other drawbacks of existing molecules led to the search for promising potential alternatives. Understanding of the cell signaling mechanisms propelling carcinogenesis and driven by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis can offer valuable information for the investigation of efficient treatment strategies. The complexity of the mechanisms behind carcinogenesis inspires researchers to explore the ability of various biomolecules to target specific pathways. Natural components occurring mainly in food and medicinal plants, are considered an essential resource for discovering new and promising therapeutic molecules. Novel biomolecules normally have an advantage in terms of biosafety. They are also widely diverse and often possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Based on quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, biomolecules can be used as templates for chemical modifications that improve efficiency, safety, and bioavailability. In this review, we focus on anti-HCC biomolecules that have their molecular targets partially or completely characterized as well as having anti-cancer molecular mechanisms that are fairly described.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 34639131
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910774