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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Metastasis to the liver, as one of the most frequent metastatic patterns, was associated with poor prognosis. Major drawbacks of conventional therapies in liver... (Review)
Review
Metastasis to the liver, as one of the most frequent metastatic patterns, was associated with poor prognosis. Major drawbacks of conventional therapies in liver metastasis were the lack of metastatic-targeting ability, predominant systemic toxicities and incapability of tumor microenvironment modulations. Lipid nanoparticles-based strategies like galactosylated, lyso-thermosensitive or active-targeting chemotherapeutics liposomes have been explored in liver metastasis management. This review aimed to summarize the state-of-art lipid nanoparticles-based therapies in liver metastasis management. Clinical and translational studies on the lipid nanoparticles in treating liver metastasis were searched up to April, 2023 from online databases. This review focused not only on the updates in drug-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles directly targeting metastatic cancer cells in treating liver metastasis, but more importantly on research frontiers in drug-loading lipid nanoparticles targeting nonparenchymal liver tumor microenvironment components in treating liver metastasis, which showed promise for future clinical oncological practice.
Topics: Humans; Liposomes; Liver Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37288351
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S402821 -
Discovery Medicine Sep 2017Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a major cause of cancer-related deaths. HCC often has an insidious onset, fast progression, and... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a major cause of cancer-related deaths. HCC often has an insidious onset, fast progression, and high tendency of metastasis and recurrence, hence it is a highly fatal malignant tumor. The origin of HCC is still a topic of debate but studies over the past decade have clearly identified liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) being a cardinal source of liver cancer. LCSCs are a small subset of cells with the unlimited ability of self-renewal, differentiation, and uncontrollable growth. LCSCs are also resistant to conventional therapies and are thus believed to be responsible for treatment failure. Recent studies have indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) may play important roles in the regulation of the biological functions of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The roles of lncRNAs on the biological properties of LCSCs are unknown. In this review, we briefly summarize the published studies on the functions and underlying mechanisms of commonly reported lncRNAs in the regulation of LCSCs.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplastic Stem Cells; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Neoplasm
PubMed: 28972877
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Jun 2016Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is becoming widely accepted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and minor... (Review)
Review
Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is becoming widely accepted for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and minor laparoscopic liver resection are now considered standard approaches, especially for tumors located in the anterolateral segments of the liver. Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy in adult donors is also gaining acceptance for child liver transplantation in many centers. Major LLRs, including left hepatectomy and right hepatectomy, have been recently attempted. Laparoscopic donor hepatectomy is becoming more popular owing to increasing demand from young living donors who appreciate its minimal invasiveness and excellent cosmetic outcomes. Several centers have performed total laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. Many meta-analyses have shown that LLR is better than open liver resection in terms of short-term outcomes, principally cosmetic outcomes. Although no randomized control trials have compared LLR with open liver resection, the long-term oncologic outcomes were similar for both procedures in recent case-matched studies.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Laparoscopy; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis
PubMed: 27304550
DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2016.0026 -
The British Journal of Radiology Sep 2022Oligometastatic disease represents a clinically discrete intermediate stage of cancer progression and is an expanding area of research. While surgical metastatectomy has... (Review)
Review
Oligometastatic disease represents a clinically discrete intermediate stage of cancer progression and is an expanding area of research. While surgical metastatectomy has been recognized for decades as an effective treatment option in select patients, options for metastasis-directed therapy have broadened in scope with advancements in the armamentarium of non- and minimally invasive modalities. Recent preclinical studies investigating the immunology surrounding liver metastases demonstrate treatment resistance to immunotherapy in affected patients and show how locoregional therapy has the ability to overcome this resistance. In this paper, we review advancements in our understanding of oligometastatic disease, metastasis-directed therapy, effect of liver metastasis on response to immunotherapy, and the burgeoning role of image-guided interventions in complementing cancer immunotherapy at the exciting crossroads of interventional oncology and immuno-oncology.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Liver Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Neoplasm Metastasis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35230141
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211350 -
Annals of Hepatology 2022Despite careful selection for liver transplantation (LT) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCC may still recur after LT and is frequently associated with... (Review)
Review
Despite careful selection for liver transplantation (LT) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCC may still recur after LT and is frequently associated with dismal outcome. Tumor factors, including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the presence of microvascular invasion, tumor grade/differentiation, and largest tumor size are amongst the most important predictors of recurrence after transplantation. The nature of recurrence can be highly variable, but often presents with extra-hepatic involvement. As such, management of patients with HCC can be challenging, and consensus guidelines are lacking. Curative options, with surgery or ablation, which may be applicable in patients with isolated intra-or extrahepatic metastases, offer the best chance for improved long-term outcome in patients with HCC recurrence after transplantation. Most patients with recurrence have unresectable disease, and may benefit from palliative treatments, including intra-arterial therapies and/or systemic therapy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Management; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Transplantation; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Risk Factors; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 34929349
DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100654 -
International Journal of Biological... 2023Although apatinib is a promising drug for the treatment of liver cancer, the underlying drug resistance mechanism is still unclear. Here, we constructed...
Although apatinib is a promising drug for the treatment of liver cancer, the underlying drug resistance mechanism is still unclear. Here, we constructed apatinib-resistant HepG2 cells. We then characterized the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic landscapes both in apatinib-resistant and non-resistant HepG2 cells. Differential expression, ATAC-seq, and proteomic data analyses were performed. We found that the cell cycle related protein RB1 may play an essential role in the process of apatinib resistant to hepatocarcinoma. Moreover, there were extensive variations at the transcriptome, epigenetic, and proteomic level. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis showed that expression level of RB1 in apatinib-resistant cell as well as the samples of patients in progressive disease were significantly lower than that in controls. Those results also showed that the RB1 pathway inhibitors CDK2-IN-73 and Palbociclib could relieve the resistance of apatinib resistant cells. Our results further enhance our understanding of the anti-tumorigenic and anti-angiogenic efficacy of apatinib in liver cancer and provide a novel perspective regarding apatinib resistance. Furthermore, we proved that CDKN2B inhibition of RB1 signaling promoted apatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Those findings have greatly important biological significance for the resistance of apatinib and the treatment of liver cancer.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Liver Neoplasms; Multiomics; Proteomics; Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
PubMed: 37781033
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83862 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... 2016Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Despite improvements in treatment over the past few decades, patient survival remains poor and there is... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Despite improvements in treatment over the past few decades, patient survival remains poor and there is an urgent need for development of targeted therapies. MicroRNAs represent a class of small RNAs, frequently deregulated in human malignancies. We are reviewing the role of microRNA in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and its use as a biomarker for early diagnosis and clinical treatment. First, we describe the current incidence and possible causes of the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, followed by the introduction of microRNA synthesis, maturation and function, and finally we explain the role of microRNA in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical value as a biological marker in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. A comprehensive analysis of cellular microRNA is a benefit for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and early clinical intervention, and microRNA is considered by some to be a key target of gene therapy to control the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma..
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 28028963
DOI: 10.17219/acem/36460 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Nov 2017Curative treatment for metastatic solid cancers remains elusive. The liver, which is nourished by a rich blood supply from both the arterial and portal venous systems,... (Review)
Review
Curative treatment for metastatic solid cancers remains elusive. The liver, which is nourished by a rich blood supply from both the arterial and portal venous systems, is the most common site of visceral metastases, particularly from cancers arising in the gastrointestinal tract, with colorectal cancer being the predominant primary site in Western countries. A mounting body of evidence suggests that the liver microenvironment (LME) provides autocrine and paracrine signals originating from both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells that collectively create both pre- and prometastatic niches for the development of hepatic metastases. These resident cells and their molecular mediators represent potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and/or treatment of liver metastases (LM). This review summarizes: (i) the current therapeutic options for treating LM, with a particular focus on colorectal cancer LM; (ii) the role of the LME in LM at each of its phases; (iii) potential targets in the LME identified through preclinical and clinical investigations; and (iv) potential therapeutic approaches for targeting elements of the LME before and/or after the onset of LM as the basis for future clinical trials. .
Topics: Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 28615370
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1636 -
Aging Jun 2015
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; Transcriptome
PubMed: 26081519
DOI: 10.18632/aging.100760 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2015Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Surgery, percutaneous ablation and liver transplantation are the only curative treatment... (Review)
Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Surgery, percutaneous ablation and liver transplantation are the only curative treatment modalities for HCC. However, the majority of patients have unresectable disease at diagnosis. Therefore, effective treatment options for patients with advanced HCC are required. In advanced HCC, according to current international guidelines, sorafenib, a molecular targeted agent, is the standard treatment. However, alternative treatment modalities are required because of the low response rates and unsuitability of molecular agents in real practice. In various treatment modalities, mostly in Asia, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been applied to advanced HCC with a view to increasing the therapeutic efficacy. HAIC provides direct drug delivery into the tumor feeding vessels and also minimizes systemic toxicities through a greater first-pass effect in the liver. However, the sample sizes of studies on HAIC have been small and large randomized trials are still lacking. In this article, we describe the treatment efficacy of HAIC for advanced stage HCC and discuss future therapeutic possibilities.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Hepatic Artery; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25852268
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i13.3843