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Dermatology Online Journal Feb 2017Tinea versicolor (TV) is typically an asymptomatic fungal infection of the stratum corneum owing to Malassezia overgrowth. It presents as hypo or hyperpigmented macules...
Tinea versicolor (TV) is typically an asymptomatic fungal infection of the stratum corneum owing to Malassezia overgrowth. It presents as hypo or hyperpigmented macules with fine scale that coalesce into patches on the trunk, neck, and/or arms. Presented in this report is a 34-year-old man with an interesting case of folliculocentric tinea versicolor manifesting as perifollicular hypopigmented macules on the lower back.
Topics: Adult; Hair Follicle; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Male; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 28329492
DOI: No ID Found -
ACS Infectious Diseases Sep 2022Fungal promoted infections are becoming a severe health global emergency due to drug-resistant phenomena and zoonosis. This work investigated compounds bearing...
Fungal promoted infections are becoming a severe health global emergency due to drug-resistant phenomena and zoonosis. This work investigated compounds bearing acyl-/selenoureido moieties and primary/secondary sulfonamide groups as novel antifungal agents acting through organism-directed selenium toxicity and inhibition of the newly emergent therapeutic target, the Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1). Reported data clearly indicate that seleno-containing scaffolds with respect to the standard-of-care drugs showed appreciable antifungal activity, which was suppressed when the chalcogen was replaced with its cognate isosteric elements sulfur and oxygen. In addition, such compounds showed excellent selectivity against over its related genus strains and . Safe cytotoxicity profiles on bovine kidney cells (MDBK) and human HaCat cells, as well as the shallow hemolytic activity on defibrinated sheep blood, allowed us to consider these compounds as up-and-coming novel antifungals.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cattle; Humans; Mycoses; Sheep; Sulfonamides
PubMed: 35984421
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00250 -
PLoS Pathogens Jan 2015
Review
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis; Dermatomycoses; Disease Susceptibility; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Malassezia; Otitis; Risk Factors; Skin
PubMed: 25569140
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004523 -
Viruses Jun 2023Mycoviruses are viruses that selectively infect and multiply in fungal cells. is the most abundant fungus on human skin and is associated with a variety of conditions,...
Mycoviruses are viruses that selectively infect and multiply in fungal cells. is the most abundant fungus on human skin and is associated with a variety of conditions, including atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, dandruff, folliculitis, pityriasis versicolor, and seborrheic dermatitis. Here, we conducted mycovirome studies on 194 public transcriptomes of (2,568,212,042 paired-end reads) screened against all available viral proteins. Transcriptomic data were assembled resulting in 1,170,715 contigs and 2,995,306 open reading frames (ORFs) that were subsequently tracked for potential viral sequences. Eighty-eight virus-associated ORFs were detected in 68 contigs from 28 Sequence Read Archive (SRA) samples. Seventy-five and thirteen ORFs were retrieved from transcriptomes of and , respectively. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed three new mycoviruses belonging to the genus and named Malassezia globosa-associated-totivirus 1 (MgaTV1); Malassezia restricta-associated-totivirus 1 (MraTV1) and Malassezia restricta-associated-totivirus 2 (MraTV2). These viral candidates extend our understanding of the diversity and taxonomy of mycoviruses as well as their co-evolution with their fungal hosts. These results reflected the unexpected diversity of mycoviruses hidden in public databases. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the discovery of novel mycoviruses and opens the door to study their impact on disease caused by the host fungus and globally, their implication in clinical skin disorders.
Topics: Humans; Malassezia; Fungal Viruses; Totivirus; Phylogeny; Dermatitis, Atopic
PubMed: 37376667
DOI: 10.3390/v15061368 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2021Recent efforts to understand the oral microbiome have focused on its fungal component. Since fungi occupy a low proportion of the oral microbiome biomass, mycobiome... (Review)
Review
Recent efforts to understand the oral microbiome have focused on its fungal component. Since fungi occupy a low proportion of the oral microbiome biomass, mycobiome studies rely on sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicons. ITS-based studies usually detect hundreds of fungi in oral samples. Here, we review the oral mycobiome, critically appraising the significance of such large fungal diversity. When harsh lysis methods are used to extract DNA, 2 oral mycobiome community types (mycotypes) are evident, each dominated by only 1 genus, either or . The rest of the diversity in ITS surveys represents low-abundance fungi possibly acquired from the environment and ingested food. So far, is the only genus demonstrated to reach a significant biomass in the oral cavity and clearly shown to be associated with a distinct oral ecology. thrives in the presence of lower oral pH and is enriched in caries, with mechanistic studies in animal models suggesting it participates in the disease process by synergistically interacting with acidogenic bacteria. serves as the main etiological agent of oral mucosal candidiasis, in which a -bacteriome partnership plays a key role. The function of other potential oral colonizers, such as lipid-dependent , is still unclear, with further studies needed to establish whether are metabolically active oral commensals. Low-abundance oral mycobiome members acquired from the environment may be viable in the oral cavity, and although they may not play a significant role in microbiome communities, they could serve as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. We suggest that further work is needed to ascertain the significance of oral mycobiome members beyond . ITS-based surveys should be complemented with other methods to determine the in situ biomass and metabolic state of fungi thought to play a role in the oral environment.
Topics: Bacteria; Fungi; Microbiota; Mouth; Mycobiome
PubMed: 32924741
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520956975 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Mar 2023Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 125 million people worldwide. Many studies have shown the importance of the microbiome for psoriasis...
INTRODUCTION
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 125 million people worldwide. Many studies have shown the importance of the microbiome for psoriasis exacerbation.
AIM
Explore the fungal load and species composition of cultivable yeasts on the skin of psoriatic patients (PP) and healthy volunteers living in a tropical area and evaluate the susceptibility to antifungals.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study with 61 participants (35 patients and 26 healthy controls) was performed during August 2018 and May 2019. Clinical data were collected from patient interviewing and/or medical records review. Samples were collected by swabbing in up to five anatomic sites. Suggestive yeast colonies were counted and further identified by phenotypical tests, PCR-REA, and/or MALDI-TOF. Susceptibility of Malassezia spp. and Candida spp. to azoles, terbinafine, and amphotericin B was evaluated by broth microdilution.
RESULTS
Nearly 50% of the patients had moderate to severe psoriasis, and plaque-type psoriasis was the most common clinical form. Yeast colonies count was significantly more abundant among PP than healthy controls. Malassezia and Candida were the most abundant genus detected in all participants. Higher MIC values for ketoconazole and terbinafine were observed in Malassezia strains obtained from PP. Approximately 42% of Candida isolates from PP showed resistance to itraconazole in contrast to 12.5% of isolates from healthy controls. MIC values for fluconazole and amphotericin B were significantly different among Candida isolates from PP and healthy individuals.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that Malassezia and Candida strains from PP presented higher MIC values to widespread antifungal drugs than healthy individuals.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Malassezia; Amphotericin B; Candida; Terbinafine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Fluconazole; Itraconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Psoriasis
PubMed: 36480120
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00883-2 -
Neurologia Sep 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 7 million people worldwide. Its aetiology is unknown, although the hypothesis of a... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 7 million people worldwide. Its aetiology is unknown, although the hypothesis of a genetic susceptibility to environmental agents is accepted. These environmental agents include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three microorganisms are directly associated with a significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease: the fungal genus Malassezia, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and the hepatitis C virus. If the host is vulnerable due to genetic susceptibility or immune weakness, these microorganisms can access and infect the nervous system, causing chronic neuroinflammation with neurodegeneration. Other microorganisms show an epidemiological association with the disease, including the influenza type A, Japanese encephalitis type B, St Louis, and West Nile viruses. These viruses can affect the nervous system, causing encephalitis, which can result in parkinsonism. This article reviews the role of all these microorganisms in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Encephalitis; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 35644845
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.023 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2019We report here the results of the 2016 epidemiological survey of dermatomycosis in Japan. In total, 6,776 cases were analyzed as follows: dermatophytosis, 5,772 cases... (Review)
Review
We report here the results of the 2016 epidemiological survey of dermatomycosis in Japan. In total, 6,776 cases were analyzed as follows: dermatophytosis, 5,772 cases (85.2%); candidiasis, 757 cases (11.2%); Malassezia infection, 235 cases (3.5%); and other fungal infections, 11 cases (0.2%). In dermatophytosis, tinea pedis was the most frequent (3,314 cases: male, 1,705; female, 1,609), followed by tinea unguium (1,634 cases: male, 766; female, 868), tinea corporis (423 cases: male, 241; female, 182); tinea cruris (316 cases: male, 242; female, 74); tinea manuum (58 cases: male, 29; female, 29); tinea capitus, Celsus' kerion (26 cases: male, 19; female, 7); and tinea barbae (1 case: male, 1). The most frequent pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum. In candidiasis, candidal intertrigo was the most frequent (181 cases: male, 98; female, 83), followed by oral candidiasis (165 cases: male, 84; female, 81), genital candidiasis (119 cases: male, 45; female, 74), diaper candidiasis (113 cases: male, 49; female, 64), erosio interdigitalis (63 cases: male, 13; female, 50), onychomycosis (41 cases: male, 17; female, 24), onychia et paronychia (28 cases: male, 2; female, 26), and angular cheilitis (23 cases: male, 6; female, 17). Although the number of cases varied depending on the role of each cooperating medical institution in the area and on population composition, no significant differences in the frequencies of clinical types were observed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Candidiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Malassezia; Male; Middle Aged; Onychomycosis; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Tinea; Tinea Capitis; Tinea Pedis; Trichophyton; Young Adult
PubMed: 31474694
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.19.007 -
PloS One 2023Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested,...
Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested, the spent substrate of C. militaris still contains active ingredients but is usually discarded as waste. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of C. militaris spent substrate extract and its inhibitory activity on the Malassezia commensal yeasts that can cause dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Active substances in the spent substrate of C. militaris were extracted using a hot water extraction method and were used for the determination of antioxidant activity by measuring their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. The ability to inhibit Malassezia was analyzed using the broth microdilution method, and the reparative effect on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells was measured using in vitro cell analysis. Respiratory burst evaluation was used to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity of extracts. Analysis of the Malassezia-inhibiting activity of the extracts showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 6.25 mg/mL. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH, O2-, H2O2 and OH- were 3.845 mg/mL, 2.673 mg/mL, 0.037 mg/mL and 0.046 mg/mL, respectively. In the concentration range of 2 to 50%, the extract was non-toxic to cells and was able to protect HaCaT cells from H2O2 damage. When the volume fraction of the extract was 20.96%, its anti-inflammatory ability reached 50%. These results demonstrated that the extract may be a safe and efficacious source for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications, with Malassezia-inhibiting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Topics: Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Cordyceps; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Malassezia
PubMed: 37682981
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291363 -
Cancers Jul 2021Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora has emerged as an oncogenic contributor in different malignancies. Recent findings suggest a crucial tumor-promoting role of micro- and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora has emerged as an oncogenic contributor in different malignancies. Recent findings suggest a crucial tumor-promoting role of micro- and mycobiome alterations also in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
METHODS
To summarize the current knowledge about this topic, a systematic literature search of articles published until October 2020 was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed).
RESULTS
An increasing number of publications describe associations between bacterial and fungal species and PDAC development. Despite the high inter-individual variability of the commensal flora, some studies identify specific microbial signatures in PDAC patients, including oral commensals like and or Gram-negative bacteria like . The role of spp. remains unclear. Recent isolation of from PDAC tissue suggest also the mycobiota as a crucial player of tumorigenesis. Based on described molecular mechanisms and interactions between the pancreatic tissue and the immune system this review proposes a model of how the micro- and the mycobial dysbiosis could contribute to tumorigenesis in PDAC.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of micro- and mycobial dysbiosis in pancreatic tumor tissue opens a fascinating perspective on PDAC oncogenesis. Further studies will pave the way for novel tumor markers and treatment strategies.
PubMed: 34298645
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143431