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Discovery Medicine May 2019Skeletal-related events are severe problems in patients with breast cancer. Bone metastasis and endocrine therapy are closely related to skeletal morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Skeletal-related events are severe problems in patients with breast cancer. Bone metastasis and endocrine therapy are closely related to skeletal morbidity and mortality. Skeletal-related events during breast cancer tumorigenesis lead to the exacerbated poor life quality of patients. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the characteristics of skeletal-related events during bone metastasis of breast cancer, especially on the major cause of skeletal-related events, early diagnosis and threshold of anti-absorption treatment. Finally, we highlight novel approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal-related events during bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 31361984
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Oct 2016F-fluorocholine is a specific promising agent for imaging tumor cell proliferation, particularly in prostate cancer, using PET/CT. It is a beneficial tool in the early... (Review)
Review
F-fluorocholine is a specific promising agent for imaging tumor cell proliferation, particularly in prostate cancer, using PET/CT. It is a beneficial tool in the early detection of marrow-based metastases because it excludes distant metastases and evaluates the response to hormone therapy. In addition, F-fluorocholine has the potential to differentiate between degenerative and malignant osseous abnormalities because degenerative changes are not choline-avid; however, the agent may accumulate in recent traumatic bony lesions. On the other hand, F-NaF PET/CT can indicate increased bone turnover and is generally used in the assessment of primary and secondary osseous malignancies, the evaluation of response to treatment, and the clarification of abnormalities on other imaging modalities or clinical data. F-NaF PET/CT is a highly sensitive method in the evaluation of bone metastases from prostate cancer, but it has problematic specificity, mainly because of tracer accumulation in degenerative and inflammatory bone diseases. In summary, F-NaF PET/CT is a highly sensitive method, but F-fluorocholine PET/CT can detect early bone marrow metastases and provide greater specificity in the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer. However, the difference seems not to be significant.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Choline; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Image Enhancement; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 27694173
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169730 -
Acta Biomaterialia Nov 2019Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate,... (Review)
Review
Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer, all preferentially metastasize to bone, yet the role of the bone niche in promoting cancer progression remains poorly understood. Tissue engineering has the potential to bridge this knowledge gap by providing 3D in vitro systems that can be specifically designed to mimic key properties of the bone niche in a more physiologically relevant context than standard 2D culture. Elucidating the crucial components of the bone niche that recruit metastatic cells, support tumor growth, and promote cancer-induced destruction of bone tissue would support efforts for preventing and treating these devastating malignancies. In this review, we summarize recent efforts focused on developing in vitro 3D models of primary bone cancer and bone metastasis using tissue engineering approaches. Such 3D in vitro models can enable the identification of effective therapeutic targets and facilitate high-throughput drug screening to effectively treat bone cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials-based 3D culture have been traditionally used for tissue regeneration. Recent research harnessed biomaterials to create 3D in vitro cancer models, with demonstrated advantages over conventional 2D culture in recapitulating tumor progression and drug response in vivo. However, previous work has been largely limited to modeling soft tissue cancer, such as breast cancer and brain cancer. Unlike soft tissues, bone is characterized with high stiffness and mineral content. Primary bone cancer affects mostly children with poor treatment outcomes, and bone is the most common site of cancer metastasis. Here we summarize emerging efforts on engineering 3D bone cancer models using tissue engineering approaches, and future directions needed to further advance this relatively new research area.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biomimetics; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hydrogels; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spheroids, Cellular; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31419564
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.020 -
BioMed Research International 2015Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are frequently used as diagnostic agents in nuclear medicine, because they can detect bone disorders before anatomical changes occur.... (Review)
Review
Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are frequently used as diagnostic agents in nuclear medicine, because they can detect bone disorders before anatomical changes occur. Furthermore, their effectiveness in the palliation of metastatic bone cancer pain has been demonstrated in the clinical setting. With the aim of developing superior bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, many compounds have been designed, prepared, and evaluated. Here, several well-designed bone-seeking compounds used for diagnostic and therapeutic use, having the concept of radiometal complexes conjugated to carrier molecules to bone, are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 26075256
DOI: 10.1155/2015/676053 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause of malignant bone neoplasm in children, adolescents and young adults under 20 years of age. It also presents another peak of incidence in people over 50 years of age and is associated with rheumatic diseases. Numerous environmental risk factors, such as bone diseases, genetics and a history of previous neoplasms, have been widely described in the literature, which allows monitoring a certain group of patients. Diagnosis requires numerous imaging tests that make it possible to stratify both the local involvement of the disease and its distant spread, which ominously determines the prognosis. Thanks to various clinical trials, the usefulness of different chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and surgical techniques with radical intent has now been demonstrated; these represent improvements in both prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Osteosarcoma patients should be evaluated in reference centres by multidisciplinary committees with extensive experience in proper management. Although numerous genetic and rheumatological diseases and risk factors have been described, the use of serological, genetic or other biomarkers has been limited in clinical practice compared to other neoplasms. This limits both the initial follow-up of these patients and screening in populations at risk. In addition, we cannot forget that the diagnosis is mainly based on the direct biopsy of the lesion and imaging tests, which illustrates the need to study new diagnostic alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the natural history of the disease and describe the main biomarkers, explaining their clinical uses, prognosis and limitations.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Incidence
PubMed: 36499267
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314939 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2018The aim of this study was to investigate the value of pharmacokinetic modeling for quantifying C-choline uptake in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. In total,...
The aim of this study was to investigate the value of pharmacokinetic modeling for quantifying C-choline uptake in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. In total, 194 patients with clinically suspected recurrence of prostate cancer underwent C-choline dynamic PET over the pelvic region (0-8 min), followed by a 6-min static acquisition at about 25 min after injection. Regions of interest were drawn over sites of disease identified by a radiologist with experience in nuclear medicine. C-choline uptake and pharmacokinetics were evaluated by SUV, graphical analysis (Patlak plot; ), and 1- and 2-compartment pharmacokinetic models (, /, , , and the macro parameter ). Twenty-four local recurrences, 65 metastatic lymph nodes, 19 osseous metastases, and 60 inflammatory lymph nodes were included in the analysis, which was subsequently repeated for regions of interest placed over the gluteus maximus muscle and adipose tissue as a control. SUV and were 3.60 ± 2.16 and 0.28 ± 0.22 min in lesions, compared with 2.11 ± 1.33 and 0.15 ± 0.10 min in muscle and 0.26 ± 0.07 and 0.02 ± 0.01 min in adipose tissue. According to the Akaike information criterion, the 2-compartment irreversible model was most appropriate in 85% of lesions and resulted in a of 0.79 ± 0.98 min (range, 0.11-7.17 min), a / of 2.92 ± 3.52 (range, 0.31-20.00), a of 0.36 ± 0.30 min (range, 0.00-1.00 min) and a of 0.28 ± 0.22 min (range, 0.00-1.33 min). The Spearman ρ between SUV and , between SUV and , and between and was 0.94, 0.91, and 0.97, respectively, and that between SUV and , between SUV and /, and between SUV and was 0.70, 0.44, and 0.33, respectively. Malignant lymph nodes exhibited a higher SUV, , and than benign lymph nodes. Although C-choline pharmacokinetic modeling has potential to uncouple the contributions of different processes leading to intracellular entrapment of C-choline, the high correlation between SUV and both and supports the use of simpler SUV methods to evaluate changes in C-choline uptake and metabolism for treatment monitoring.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Models, Biological; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 29626123
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210088 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2022Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by adjuvant chemotherapies and surgical approaches. However, poor prognosis often occurs among osteosarcoma patients due to recurrence, metastasis, or drug resistance problems. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a specific type of tumor malignant cells with stem cell-like properties, have been reported to be responsible for tumor origination, aggression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been identified in osteosarcomas treatment, which exhibits self-renewal, multi-potency, and enhanced drug resistance. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to summarize the role of lncRNAs in regulating CSCs and their effectiveness in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The databases PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were used for the presented study. The keywords we used to complete our search are 'lncRNA', 'Stem cell', and 'osteosarcoma'. A total of over 800 relevant articles, with a time limit from 2010 to 2021, were identified according to search strategy. Duplicate records and review articles were excluded by their titles and abstracts. Finally, we found about 80 articles matching our inclusion criteria, which included about 13 relevant studies focusing on both the mechanism and effectiveness of osteosarcomas treatment among osteosarcoma patients.
RESULTS
CD133, CD117, ALDH, and Stro-1 are validated as the stem cell biomarkers in osteosarcoma CSCs. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs, containing HIF2PUT, SOX2-OT, MALAT1, THOR, B4GALT1-AS1, H19, PVT1, FER1L4, LINK-A, DANCR, and DLX6-AS1, play a potential role in regulating CSCs in osteosarcoma. The drug resistance, inhibition of the relapse, and metastasis in osteosarcoma could be avoided via regulating lncRNAs of targeting CSCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple lncRNAs regulate CSCs in osteosarcoma via various molecular mechanisms. This review demonstrated that the method of eliminating CSCs by targeting these lncRNAs is a safe, effective, and a well-tolerated way for osteosarcoma patients, which shows a broad research prospect in tumor diagnoses and therapies. However, this method should be further demonstrated by better animal models and more clinical experiments.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Osteosarcoma; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 35179763
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202202_28006 -
Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica... Jan 2019The aim of this study was to discuss the diagnosis and surgical management and their results according to stage of primary bone tumors at ulna and to share our...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to discuss the diagnosis and surgical management and their results according to stage of primary bone tumors at ulna and to share our experience on this exceptional location for bone tumors.
METHODS
We have retrospectively reviewed our clinics database and identified 23 cases (14 males and 9 females, mean age was 28.9 (range 4-77)) with primary bone tumors and tumor like lesion involvement of ulna. The patients were evaluated according to complaints, type and grade of tumor, treatment, recurrence and functional status.
RESULTS
The most common first referral complaint was constrictive pain in 52.1% of the cases, benign tumors and tumor like lesions of the bone constituted 73.9% whereas malignant bone tumors were 26.1%, 39.1% of the lesions were located in distal end of ulna and the mean follow up was 33.8 months (range 8-172 months). Local recurrence has unexpectedly occurred in 3 benign lesions (13.1%).
CONCLUSION
Benign bone lesions tend to involve distal and proximal ends, malign bone lesions involve diaphysis mostly. Both benign and malignant diaphyseal lesions of the ulna have better postoperative results regarding the lesions at both ends of ulna. One should also take care of recurrences even after a decade from the primary surgery.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, Therapeutic study.
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Diaphyses; Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Orthopedic Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Turkey; Ulna
PubMed: 29773449
DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.04.005 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Jul 2022It is estimated that more than half of all cancers develop bony metastases, exacting a substantial cost in terms of patient quality of life and healthcare expenses.... (Review)
Review
It is estimated that more than half of all cancers develop bony metastases, exacting a substantial cost in terms of patient quality of life and healthcare expenses. Prompt diagnosis and management have been shown to reduce morbidity and costs. When a patient with a history of cancer presents with musculoskeletal pain, heightened awareness of the risk of bone metastasis should prompt immediate referral to an orthopedic specialist. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to identify an appropriate treatment plan for the patient based on the prognosis, fracture status, and extent of skeletal disease.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 35777838
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21062 -
Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer Jan 2021The diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioma (EH) remains challenging due to its rarity, worrisome histologic features, and locally aggressive clinical and radiographic...
The diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioma (EH) remains challenging due to its rarity, worrisome histologic features, and locally aggressive clinical and radiographic presentation. Especially in the bone, EH can be misdiagnosed as a malignant vascular neoplasm due its lytic, often destructive or multifocal growth, as well as atypical morphology. The discovery of recurrent FOS and FOSB gene fusions in the pathogenesis of most EH has strengthened its stand-alone classification, distinct from other malignant epithelioid vascular lesions, such as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma or angiosarcoma. In this study we investigate a group of molecularly confirmed skeletal EH by the presence of FOS or FOSB gene rearrangements to better define its clinical and pathologic characteristics within a homogenous molecular subset. The cohort included 38 patients (25 males, 13 females), with a mean age at diagnosis of 38 years (range, 4-75). Regional, multifocal presentation was noted in 10 cases. Only six cases were correctly recognized as EH by the referring institutions, while most were misdiagnosed as other vascular tumors. Of the 17 patients with follow-up data available, five patients (29%) developed local recurrence after marginal en bloc excision (n = 3) or curettage (n = 2). Local recurrence-free survival rates were 84% at 3 years and 38% at 5 years. No metastasis or disease-related death was identified. Imaging studies exhibited no specific features, showing cortical bone destruction and soft-tissue extension in 14 (38%) cases. FOS gene rearrangements were detected in 28 (74%) of cases, while FOSB rearrangements in 10 (26%) cases. Our results highlight the significant challenges encountered in establishing a correct diagnosis exclusive of the molecular testing, mainly due to its overlap to other malignant epithelioid vascular tumors. Skeletal EH emerges as a genetically defined locally aggressive vascular neoplasm, with a high rate of local recurrence, but lacking the propensity for distant spread.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gene Rearrangement; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
PubMed: 33034932
DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22898