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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2015Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for the majority of primary bone tumors in dogs and shares biological and clinical similarities with... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for the majority of primary bone tumors in dogs and shares biological and clinical similarities with osteosarcoma in humans. Despite dose intensification with conventional cytotoxic therapies, survival times for dogs and humans diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma have not changed in the past 20 years, with the principal cause of mortality being the development of pulmonary metastases. Given the therapeutic plateau reached for delaying metastatic progression with cytotoxic agents, exploration of alterative adjuvant therapies for improving management of osteosarcoma micrometastases is clinically justified. Evidence suggests that osteosarcoma is an immunogenic tumor, and development of immunotherapies for the treatment of microscopic lung metastases might improve long-term outcomes. In this review, the history and foundational knowledge of immune interactions to canine osteosarcoma are highlighted. In parallel, immunotherapeutic strategies that have been explored for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma are summarized. With a greater understanding and awareness for how the immune system might be redirected toward combating osteosarcoma metastases, the rational development of diverse immune strategies for managing osteosarcoma holds substantial promise for transforming the therapeutic landscape and improving disease management in both dogs and human beings.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunotherapy; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 25929293
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12603 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Jan 2018Interventional radiology has known an exponential growth in the last years. Technological advances of the last decades, have made it possible to use new treatments on a... (Review)
Review
Interventional radiology has known an exponential growth in the last years. Technological advances of the last decades, have made it possible to use new treatments on a larger scale, with safe and effective results. They could be considered as palliative treatments for painful lesions but also curative procedures, as single treatment or specially in combination with other techniques (surgery, radiation and oncology therapies, etc.).The main diffuse techniques are those of thermal ablation that destroy the target lesion through the heat; however there are also endovascular therapies that destroy the target tissue thanks to devascularization. Finally the is also the possibility to stabilize pathological fractures or impending fractures. In this paper all the most diffuse and effective techniques are reviewed and also a discussion of the main indications is done, with an analisys of the success and complications rates.
Topics: Ablation Techniques; Bone Neoplasms; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Radiology, Interventional
PubMed: 29350645
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i1-S.7020 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Dec 2020Cancer metastasis is a unique feature of malignant tumours. Even bone can become a common colonization site due to the tendency of solid tumours, including breast cancer... (Review)
Review
Cancer metastasis is a unique feature of malignant tumours. Even bone can become a common colonization site due to the tendency of solid tumours, including breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa), to metastasize to bone. Currently, a previous concept in tumour metabolism called tumour dormancy may be a promising target for antitumour treatment. When disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) metastasize to the bone microenvironment, they form a flexible regulatory network called the "bone-tumour-inflammation network". In this network, bone turnover as well as metabolism, tumour progression, angiogenesis and inflammatory responses are highly unified and coordinated, and a slight shift in this balance can result in the disruption of the microenvironment, uncontrolled inflammatory responses and excessive tumour growth. The purpose of this review is to highlight the regulatory effect of the "bone-tumour-inflammation network" in tumour dormancy. Osteoblast-secreted factors, bone turnover and macrophages are emphasized and occupy in the main part of the review. In addition, the prospective clinical application of tumour dormancy is also discussed, which shows the direction of future research.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoblasts; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32556373
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03572-1 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2021The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) in combination with open surgery nail positioning for the...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) in combination with open surgery nail positioning for the treatment of fractures or impending fractures of long bone metastases. Eleven patients (four men, seven women) with painful bone metastases of the humerus, femur or tibia with non-displaced fractures (one case) or impending fractures (10 cases) underwent open MWA in combination with osteosynthesis by locked nail positioning. Pain intensity was measured using a VAS score before and after treatment. CT or MRI were acquired at one month before and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment. All procedures were successfully completed without major complications. The level of pain was significantly reduced one month after treatment. For the patients with humerus metastases, the complete recovery of arm use took 8 weeks, while for the patients with femoral metastases the complete recovery of walking capacity took 11 weeks. The VAS score ranged from 7 (4-9) before treatment to 1.5 (0-2.5) after treatment. During a mid-term follow-up of 18 months (range 4-29 months), none of the patients showed tumor relapse or new fractures in the treated site. Two patients died due to tumor disease progression. Results of this preliminary study suggest that combined MWA and surgical osteosynthesis with locked nails is a safe and effective treatment for pathological fractures or malignant impending fractures of long bone metastases of the humerus, femur and tibia. Further analyses with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Male; Microwaves; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34441031
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080825 -
PloS One 2020Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (MFH-B) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with...
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (MFH-B) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with MFH-B have not been defined. We conducted a retrospective study using the data of all MFH-B patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1975 and 2016. Initially, the clinicopathological characteristics were described. The difference in prognosis between patients with MFH-B and those with osteosarcoma was compared using propensity score matching analysis. Then, the features affecting the prognosis of patients with MFH-B were further determined using Cox regression analysis. A total of 318 patients with MFH-B were identified. The median overall survival (mOS) of all 318 patients with MFH-B was 29.0 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10- year survival rates were 67.4%, 53.6%, 38.7%, and 28.7%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, distant metastases, and flat bone lesion were independent factors for worse prognosis, whereas surgery was an independent factor for favorable survival, and this intervention could decrease risk of death by 61% (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.28-0.54). Apart from this, the prognosis of patients with MFH-B was significantly worse than that of patients with osteosarcoma in both unmatched and matched cohorts. In conclusion, MFH-B is a rare malignant bone cancer, with relatively worse prognosis than osteosarcoma. Older age, distant metastases, flat bone lesion, and surgery were independently associated with prognosis. In order to understand this disease more thoroughly and accurately, more cases with adequate information are required in the future.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Databases, Factual; Female; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32492019
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232466 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong... 2020Evidence on the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of bone metastases among patients with systemic malignancy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate it using the...
PURPOSE
Evidence on the incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of bone metastases among patients with systemic malignancy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate it using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
METHODS
We collected patients diagnosed with solid malignant tumors deriving outside of the bone, hematologic malignancies, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, and myeloma from the SEER database (from 2010 to 2013). The incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of these systemic malignancies with bone metastases were then analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 67,605 patients with bone metastases at cancer diagnosis were included. The highest rate of bone metastases was observed in patients with small-cell lung cancer at the time of alternative primary site cancer diagnosis. Among 226,816 cases with metastatic disease, cases with breast cancer (65.58%), and prostate cancer (89.60%) had a high incidence proportion (>10%) of identified bone metastases. Patients with additional bone metastases resulting from prostate cancer, breast cancer, and testis cancer presented the best survival time.
CONCLUSIONS
Incidence and prognosis differ considerably among bone metastases with different primary malignancy sites. These results may encourage appropriate application of bone imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prevalence; Prognosis; SEER Program; United States
PubMed: 32634071
DOI: 10.1177/2309499020915989 -
American Journal of Clinical Oncology Sep 2018Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EO) is a malignant neoplasm that produces osteoid, bone, and chondroid material without direct attachment to bone or periosteum. Surgical...
OBJECTIVES
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EO) is a malignant neoplasm that produces osteoid, bone, and chondroid material without direct attachment to bone or periosteum. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment; the role of chemotherapy is not well defined. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of chemotherapy in the survival of patients with EO.
METHODS
All EO patients seen at Mayo Clinic between 1990 and 2014 were assessed. Forty-three patients were included after all archived pathology slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of EO.
RESULTS
Of 43 patients, 37 patients had localized disease and 6 patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Chemotherapy was used in 73% and 75% of patients, respectively. Chemotherapy was predominantly anthracycline based, and included platinum in 22 patients (84%).Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 50 months (95% confidence interval, 25-99), and 21 months (95% confidence interval, 13-not reached), respectively. There was a trend towards longer OS and PFS in patients who received chemotherapy. Those who received platinum-based therapy had remarkably prolonged OS (median, 182 vs. 18 mo; 5-year, 61% vs. 0%; P=0.01) and PFS (median, not reached vs. 10 mo; 5-year, 56% vs. 0%; P=0.005). Baseline characteristics were similar in the platinum and nonplatinum group.In patients who received chemotherapy, relapse/recurrence rate was lower in the platinum-based group (41%) as opposed to the nonplatinum-based group (100%; P=0.02). In the neoadjuvant setting, the overall response rate of platinum-containing regimens was 27%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest a clinical benefit when platinum-based chemotherapy is incorporated in the management of patients with EO. We plan to validate this further with an expanded multicenter analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 28622153
DOI: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000397 -
Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi = Chinese... Aug 2018Bone is one of the most metastatic sites of advanced malignant tumors. With the continuous improvement of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, the survival time... (Review)
Review
Bone is one of the most metastatic sites of advanced malignant tumors. With the continuous improvement of diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, the survival time of patients is prolonged and incidence of bone metastases also increases. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is estimated that the incidence of bone metastases in patients advanced lung cancer is about 30%-40%. The traditional diagnosis of bone metastases in lung cancer is based on clinical symptoms, X ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathology. Recently, a large number of exploratory studies have reported blood biomarkers as indicators of bone metastasis screening and efficacy evaluation. In this review, we summarize the progress of biomarkers in diagnosis of bone metastases of lung cancer. .
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 30172269
DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.08.07 -
AIDS Research and Therapy Nov 2021To evaluate the effect of reconstruction and repair, using a mini-plate and bone graft for HIV -positive patients with giant cell tumor of long bone.
Reconstruction and repair, using mini-plate and bone graft for persons living with HIV with giant cell tumor of long bone: retrospective analysis of a single-center experience.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effect of reconstruction and repair, using a mini-plate and bone graft for HIV -positive patients with giant cell tumor of long bone.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 12 HIV positive patients with giant cell tumor of long bone. A non-HIV-positive cohort of patients, matched for age, sex, and disease type, was selected as the control group. From June 2012 to August 2020, curettage by ultrasonic scalpel was performed in all patients, combined with min- plate and bone graft treatment. All patients were followed- up for 18 to 60 months. Limb function was evaluated, using the MSTS93 scoring system, and any examples of postoperative recurrence, distant metastasis, complications, MSTS93 score, and fracture prognosis were recorded.
RESULTS
The mean age of HIV group was 43.5 years. The ratio of men to women was 11: 1. In all cases the histopathological diagnosis was clear, except the patients with primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone, including five, three, two, and two cases in the proximal tibia, distal femur, distal tibia, and talus, respectively. Following their surgery, all patients were followed up with an average of 31.24 ± 11.84 months. No local recurrence or pulmonary metastases were observed. Post-surgery, all the 12 patients showed good bone morphologic repair and reconstruction, good bone healing, good joint function, and no pathological fractures around their lesion. In the HIV group, one case of giant cell tumor in the proximal tibia showed mild articular surface collapse and mild valgus deformity of the knee joint but retained good joint function. The MSTS scores of excellent or good in the two groups comprised 83.3%, thus, there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Compared with preoperatively, the MSTS scores in the HIV group were significantly improved, ranging from 7 to 11 points preoperatively to 24 to 27 points postoperatively; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Reconstruction and repair, using a mini-plate and bone graft for HIV -positive patients with giant cell tumor of long bone can achieve satisfactory results. The mini- plate requires little space and is flexible during reconstruction and fixation, significantly reducing complications such as surgical site infection, as well as preserving joint function and avoiding amputation; therefore, it is a safe and effective treatment method.
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Giant Cell Tumors; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34727929
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00406-3 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2021Osteochondromas in hereditary multiple exostosis have increased risk of malignant transformation as compared with solitary osteochondromas. We present a case of a...
Osteochondromas in hereditary multiple exostosis have increased risk of malignant transformation as compared with solitary osteochondromas. We present a case of a 54-year-old man who presented to us with complaints of swollen mass of the left shoulder with an ulcerative lesion. Radiograph showed a sessile growth from the proximal humerus and scapula. MRI revealed a sessile osteochondroma measuring about 11×10.1×8.0 cm. The malignant nature of the disease was anticipated due to increased cap thickness and non-healing ulcer, however, biopsy showed a benign lesion without any sarcomatous change. The patient was successfully treated with extra-periosteal excision and was recurrence-free at 24 months follow-up. This case illustrates an extra-articular giant osteochondroma of the proximal humerus, with possible signs of a malignant lesion but diagnosed benign on biopsy. We conclude that a biopsy should always preclude definitive management as this can change the overall mortality and morbidity of the patient.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteochondroma; Shoulder; Ulcer
PubMed: 34518177
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243202