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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2019Areca nut (AN) chewing is common among Southeast Asian population. Use of AN products (with or without tobacco) have a multifaceted effect on physical health, especially... (Review)
Review
PROBLEM
Areca nut (AN) chewing is common among Southeast Asian population. Use of AN products (with or without tobacco) have a multifaceted effect on physical health, especially on cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, metabolic, respiratory, and reproductive systems. AN is a known group 1 carcinogen and carries addictive potential. Varying degrees of AN-related substance use disorder (SUD) have been reported among AN chewers. There is a lacuna in awareness of the health risk of AN use, prevention, and cessation programs among AN users, particularly in those who have developed SUD.
EXISTING LACUNAE
The dynamic interaction of factors that promote AN use and later the risk of developing SUD at individual and community level has not been studied in depth. Understanding of the bio-psycho-socio-economic-cultural factors is necessary to identify the factors that prelude, promote, and reinforce AN usage. For managing AN-related conditions, including the several systemic disorders, there is a knowledge lacunae, among health care providers with respect to the pathophysiology of AN-related health issues, SUD, and nonavailability of structured, evidence-based cessation protocols.
SOLUTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
This manuscript presents a model-map to study the dynamics of AN use and the impact of AN on health and health care system at individual as well as community level. The model proposed can help the health policymakers to create evidence-based awareness and cessation protocols for AN.
Topics: Areca; Health Behavior; Humans; Mastication; Nuts; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31745061
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_947_18 -
European Journal of Cancer Care Nov 2022Treatment for oral cancer can impair oral functions such as mastication, which may negatively affect quality of life (QoL). In this review, an overview is provided of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Treatment for oral cancer can impair oral functions such as mastication, which may negatively affect quality of life (QoL). In this review, an overview is provided of masticatory ability in patients treated for oral cancer.
METHODS
The PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for scientific literature on masticatory ability in relation to QoL in patients treated for oral cancer. Studies were included when oral cancer treatment was provided, and the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QoL) questionnaire was used. Risk of bias (MINORS) was independently assessed by two authors.
RESULTS
The PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase and Cochrane search yielded 575 unique records of which 111 were assessed full text, and 27 studies were included. The UW-QoL mastication scores ranged from 31.9 to 97.4. There was a wide variety in methodology, patient groups, tumour site, treatment and assessment moment, to such a degree that outcome scores are difficult to compare.
CONCLUSION
The wide variety in studies exploring health-related QoL in relation to mastication in oral cancer patients prevents the identification of possible relations between treatment, masticatory ability and QoL. Our findings underline the limitations in currently available literature and indicate the necessity for more comparable research.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Mastication; Mouth Neoplasms; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36239005
DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13744 -
BMC Geriatrics Jan 2018Age-related decline in cognitive functions and dementia are major challenges in geriatric healthcare. Accumulating evidence from clinical, epidemiological and animal... (Review)
Review
Age-related decline in cognitive functions and dementia are major challenges in geriatric healthcare. Accumulating evidence from clinical, epidemiological and animal research suggests that tooth loss may be a risk factor for the decline of cognitive functions. This issue highlights the role of the brain-stomatognathic axis in geriatric medicine. Whether input from the stomatognathic apparatus can affect the brain remains an open debate. By revisiting the evidence published in the past five years, we argue that the hypothesis regarding the association between cognitive decline and masticatory dysfunction should be carefully interpreted. Most of the available clinical and epidemiological studies present only cross-sectional data. With respect to the prospective studies, important confounding factors, such as nutritional and physical conditions, were not fully controlled for. Animal research has revealed that hippocampal deficits may play key roles in the observed cognitive decline. However, experimental intervention and outcome assessments may not capture the condition of human subjects. Brain neuroimaging research may be suitable for bridging the gap between clinical and animal research, potentially contributing to (a) the clarification of the brain network associated with mastication, (b) the identification of brain imaging markers for exploring the mechanisms underlying long-term changes in masticatory functions, and (c) the elucidation of interactions between mastication and other cognitive-affective processing systems. Three potential models of the brain-stomatognathic axis and relevant hypotheses are summarized, focusing on the sensory feedback mechanisms, the compensation of motor control, and cerebellar deficits. Finally, we highlight four critical aspects of study and experimental design that should be considered in future research: (a) the refinement of the considered behavioral assessments, (b) the inclusion of baseline changes in mental and physical conditions,
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Mastication; Neuroimaging; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29304748
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0693-z -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2022Previous masticatory studies have focused on a variety of measurements of foods and boluses or kinematic parameters and sound during mastication. To date, the...
BACKGROUND
Previous masticatory studies have focused on a variety of measurements of foods and boluses or kinematic parameters and sound during mastication. To date, the masticatory sound research of has been limited due to the difficulties of sound collection and accurate analysis. Therefore, significant progress in masticatory sound has not been made. Meanwhile, the correlation between acoustic parameters and mastication performance remains unclear. For the purpose of exploring the acoustic parameters in measuring mastication performance, the bone-conduction techniques and sound analysis were used, and a statistical analysis of acoustic and occlusal parameters were conducted.
METHODS
The gnathosonic and chewing sounds of fifty-six volunteers with healthy dentate were recorded by a bone-conduction microphone and further analyzed by Praat 5.4.04 when intercuspally occluding natural foods (peanuts) were consumed. The granulometry of the expectorated boluses from the peanuts was characterized by the median particle size of the whole chewing sequence (D50) and the median particle size during the fixed chewing strokes (D50). The chewing time of the whole chewing sequence (CT), the chewing time of the fixed chewing strokes (CT), the chewing cycles (CC), and the chewing frequency (CF) were recorded and analyzed by the acoustic software. The acoustic parameters, including gnathosonic pitch, gnathosonic intensity, mastication sound pitch of the whole chewing sequence (MP), mastication sound pitch of the fixed chewing strokes (MP), mastication sound intensity of the whole chewing sequence (MI) and mastication sound intensity of the fixed chewing strokes (MI), were analyzed. Independent sample t-test, Spearman and Pearson correlation analyses were used where applicable.
RESULTS
Significant difference in parameters CC, MI, CF and D50 were found by sex (t-test, p < 0.01). The masticatory degree of the test foods was higher in women (CC, 24.25 ± 5.23; CF, 1.70 ± 0.21 s; D50, 1655.07 ± 346.21 μm) than in men (CC, 18.14 ± 6.38; CF, 1.48 ± 0.18 s; D50, 2159.21 ± 441.26 μm). In the whole chewing sequence study, a highly negative correlation was found between MI and D50, and a highly positive correlation was found between MI and CF (r = - 0.94, r = 0.82, respectively, p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between the remaining acoustic parameters and mastication parameters. In the fixed chewing strokes study, a highly negative correlation was found between MI and D50 (r = - 0.85, p < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the rest of the acoustic parameters and the mastication parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
Mastication sound intensity may be a valuable indicator for assessing mastication. Acoustic analysis can provide a more convenient and quick method of assessing mastication performance.
Topics: Acoustics; Biomechanical Phenomena; Female; Food; Humans; Male; Mastication; Particle Size
PubMed: 35291996
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02018-9 -
Aging Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Aged; Frailty; Mastication; Frail Elderly
PubMed: 36996489
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204568 -
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Nov 2021The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial and environmental nature. We... (Review)
Review
The individual inclination to lead an autonomous life until death is associated with requirements that may be of physiological, psychosocial and environmental nature. We aim to describe a conceptual oro-facial health model with an emphasis on oro-facial function, taking the domains of quality of life and patient-centred values into account. In the context of oro-facial function, the requirements of life are met when the oro-facial system is in a fit state. 'Fitness of the oro-facial system, that is oro-facial health, is a state that is characterised by an absence of, or positive coping with physical disease, mental disease, pain and negative environmental and social factors. It will allow natural oro-facial functions such as sensing, tasting, touching, biting, chewing, swallowing, speaking, yawning, kissing and facial expression'. In the presented conceptual model of oro-facial health, it is postulated that each individual has present and future potentials related to biological prerequisites and resources that are developed by an individual through the course of life. These potentials form the oro-facial functional capacity. When the individual potentials together do not meet the requirements of life anymore, dysfunction and disease result. The oro-facial system is subject to physiological ageing processes, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the oro-facial functional capacity. Furthermore, comorbid medical conditions might hamper oro-facial function and, alongside with the ageing process, may lead to a state of oral hypofunction. Currently, there is a lack of widespread, validated, easy-to-use instruments that help to distinguish between states of oro-facial fitness as opposed to oral hypofunction. Clearly, research is needed to establish adequate, validated instruments alongside with functional rehabilitation procedures.
Topics: Aging; Deglutition; Face; Humans; Mastication; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34462948
DOI: 10.1111/joor.13250 -
Experimental Gerontology Apr 2019Aging rodent models allow for the discovery of underlying mechanisms of cranial muscle dysfunction. Methods are needed to allow quantification of complex, multivariate...
BACKGROUND
Aging rodent models allow for the discovery of underlying mechanisms of cranial muscle dysfunction. Methods are needed to allow quantification of complex, multivariate biomechanical movements during swallowing. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VSS) are the standard of care in assessment of swallowing disorders in patients and validated quantitative, kinematic, and morphometric analysis methods have been developed. Our purpose was to adapt validated morphometric techniques to the rodent to computationally analyze swallowing dysfunction in the aging rodent.
METHODS
VSS, quantitative analyses (bolus area, bolus velocity, mastication rate) and a rodent specific multivariate, morphometric computational analysis of swallowing biomechanics were performed on 20 swallows from 5 young adult and 5 old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. Eight anatomical landmarks were used to track the relative change in position of skeletal levers (cranial base, vertebral column, mandible) and soft tissue landmarks (upper esophageal sphincter, base of tongue).
RESULTS
Bolus area significantly increased and mastication rate significantly decreased with age. Aging accounted for 77.1% of the variance in swallow biomechanics, and 18.7% of the variance was associated with swallow phase (oral vs pharyngeal). Post hoc analyses identified age-related alterations in tongue base retraction, mastication, and head posture during the swallow.
CONCLUSION
Geometric morphometric analysis of rodent swallows suggests that swallow biomechanics are altered with age. When used in combination with biological assays of age-related adaptations in neuromuscular systems, this multivariate analysis may increase our understanding of underlying musculoskeletal dysfunction that contributes to swallowing disorders with aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Fluoroscopy; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mastication; Models, Animal; Rats; Video Recording
PubMed: 30633957
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.006 -
CoDAS 2022To present the Myofunctional Orofacial Clinical Examination Protocol belonging to the MMBGR Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers, including its validation.
PURPOSE
To present the Myofunctional Orofacial Clinical Examination Protocol belonging to the MMBGR Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers, including its validation.
METHODS
Initially, test content-based validity was evaluated from the MBGR Protocol to be used with the age group between 6 and 71 months based on the bibliography and experience between the authors (original and current). For the content and appearance analysis, 10 speech therapists specialized in Orofacial Motricity attended and filled out an electronic form with dichotic and Likert scale questions in two moments. We used the Content Validity Index and the Exact Binomial Test. Then there was a validity based on the response processes analysis followed by a reliability of the Clinical Examination with 155 participants by 7 experienced and calibrated speech therapists, and the examiners between and within agreement was verified by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
RESULTS
There were additions, modifications, and exclusions of items according to the age group, resulting in the Myofunctional Orofacial Clinical Examination Protocol for Infants and Preschoolers, which obtained 90.5% agreement; and 100% of the appropriate scores by at least 90% of the specialists. In reliability, most items of the Extraoral and Intraoral Examination and Chewing obtained a reasonable to good, or even excellent, agreement.
CONCLUSION
The "Clinical Myofunctional Clinical Examination" was validated based on the test content, response process, and reliability and, along with the "Instructional" and the "Clinical History" is part of the "MMBGR Protocol - Infants and Preschoolers" for speech therapy activities in the age group between 6 and 71 months of age.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Clinical Protocols; Humans; Infant; Mastication; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35475847
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20212020325 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Nov 2022Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly known as a disorder that affects the smooth performance of body movements. In addition to the motor impairments, patients with PD... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly known as a disorder that affects the smooth performance of body movements. In addition to the motor impairments, patients with PD often experience pain. Both motor impairments and pain can occur throughout the body, hence including the orofacial region. However, currently, there is a lack of knowledge on the orofacial manifestations. Since orofacial pain and dysfunction can, amongst others, reduce the quality of life of patients with PD, it is important to explore the prevalence of these symptoms in the PD population.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a broad overview of the relevant literature on orofacial pain and dysfunction in patients with PD. Furthermore, we aim to generate hypotheses for future research on this topic.
DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT
A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science [Core collection], and Cochrane Library) was performed on 20 January 2022, in collaboration with a medical librarian. In total, 7180 articles were found, of which 50 were finally included in this scoping review.
RESULTS
In the included studies, pain (e.g. orofacial pain (N = 2) and temporomandibular disorder pain (N = 2)), orofacial motor dysfunction (e.g. limited jaw movements (N = 10), reduced maximum muscle output (N = 3), chewing difficulties (N = 9), unspecified TMD (N = 3), sensory disturbances (N = 1)), and bruxism (N = 3) were observed more often in patients with PD than in healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
Patients with PD experience more pain in the orofacial area and more dysfunction of the masticatory system than their healthy peers.
SIGNIFICANCE
This scoping review can increase health care providers' awareness of the problems that can be encountered in the orofacial area of PD patients, especially pain syndromes also occur in the orofacial region and not only in the extremities. Besides, dysfunction of the orofacial area is elaborated in this scoping review, which helps to understand that this limits PD patients' quality of life. Further, the outcomes of this scoping review can assist in encouraging collaboration between medicine and dentistry. Finally, this scoping review suggests new research areas, based on the gaps identified in the current literature on this topic. Ultimately, this will improve individualized strategies for reducing orofacial pain and/or dysfunction in PD patients.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Mastication; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 36063442
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2031 -
The European Respiratory Journal Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis; Mastication; Peptide Hydrolases
PubMed: 35422429
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00405-2022