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Blood Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Brentuximab Vedotin; Nivolumab; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum
PubMed: 37261857
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020396 -
Cell Reports Sep 2023HIV persists in tissues during antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the relative contribution of different anatomical compartments to the viral reservoir in humans remains...
HIV persists in tissues during antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the relative contribution of different anatomical compartments to the viral reservoir in humans remains unknown. We performed an extensive characterization of HIV reservoirs in two men who donated their bodies to HIV cure research and who had been on suppressive ART for years. HIV DNA is detected in all tissues, with large variations across anatomical compartments and between participants. Intact HIV genomes represent 2% and 25% of all proviruses in the two participants and are mainly detected in secondary lymphoid organs, with the spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes harboring intact viral genomes in both individuals. Multiple copies of identical HIV genomes are found in all tissues, indicating that clonal expansions are common in anatomical sites. The majority (>85%) of these expanded clones are shared across multiple tissues. These findings suggest that infected cells expand, migrate, and possibly circulate between anatomical sites.
Topics: Male; Humans; Anti-Retroviral Agents; HIV Infections; Proviruses; Clone Cells; Lymph Nodes; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Viral Load
PubMed: 37676762
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113053 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Dec 2019The cavernous hemangioma of mediastinum (CHM) is a rare benign lesion caused by congenital vascular dysplasia. However, its incidence is extremely low, and patients... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The cavernous hemangioma of mediastinum (CHM) is a rare benign lesion caused by congenital vascular dysplasia. However, its incidence is extremely low, and patients often lack relevant clinical symptoms. So we analyzed retrospectively some cases to investigate the imaging features of cavernous hemangioma of mediastinum (CHM) and improve the diagnostic accuracy.
METHODS
The CT/MRI imaging features and clinical information of 19 patients with CHM were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The lesions of 18 CHM patients were single. Twelve cases in the anterior mediastinum and 8 in the posterior mediastinum. The diameter of CHM ranges from 2.0 to 7.0 cm. Thirteen cases were oval-shaped or round, 4 cases were lobulated, and 2 cases were irregular. Phleboliths or nodular calcification were identified in four cases. High signal of T2WI lipid suppression in two cases and blood vessel shadows were observed in two cases. After contrast-enhanced scan, the nodular enhancement of arteries were identified in 14 cases and contrast agent was further filled of the venous phase, where "fast in and slow out" feature was performed. One case showed inhomogeneous enhancement, one case performed "fast in and slow out" feature of multiphase-enhanced MRI. Besides, aberrant veins can be seen in or around the lesion among five cases.
CONCLUSIONS
CHM is more frequently located at the anterior mediastinum than at the posterior mediastinum. The performance of phleboliths, high signal on T2WI fat suppression and DWI, the nodular enhancement of the artery, venous and delayed phase filling, enhanced "fast in and slow out," and aberrant veins in the lesion are helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Multiple period contrast-enhanced CT and MRI scan is helpful for the diagnosis of CHM.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemangioma, Cavernous; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 31801558
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1742-1 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2022Three calves were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic evaluation following an abrupt increase in morbidity and...
Three calves were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic evaluation following an abrupt increase in morbidity and mortality in a calf herd associated with epistaxis and widespread hemorrhage. Each of the submitted calves had moderate-to-severe hemorrhage within various tissues and body cavities, including the thymus, subcutaneous region of the neck, mediastinum, lungs, pericardial sac, heart, spleen, perirenal fat, urinary bladder, and skeletal muscle, including the diaphragm. An anticoagulant rodenticide screen was performed on the livers of each calf. Significant concentrations of chlorophacinone were detected at 4.2, 3.6, and 2.9 ppm in liver. Multiple piles and an open pail of white powdery material were present within the facility in which the calves were housed and were identified as the sources of chlorophacinone. Acute hemorrhage and death occurred in fourteen 1.5-mo-old, crossbred calves following ingestion of the vitamin K antagonist chlorophacinone.
Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Hemorrhage; Indans; Rodenticides
PubMed: 35000500
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211069369 -
Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) 2023Mediastinal lesions are uncommon. However, because of the vital structures in the mediastinum, large lesions specifically can lead to life-threatening situations.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Mediastinal lesions are uncommon. However, because of the vital structures in the mediastinum, large lesions specifically can lead to life-threatening situations. Treatment and management vary considerably with the disease. Therefore, the correct histopathologic diagnosis is important. Here we review lesions that have the potential to present as a giant lesion in the mediastinum. While we focus on the review of histopathologic, immunohistochemical (IHC), and molecular features of these lesions, clinical symptoms and characteristics and prognosis will also be discussed.
METHODS
"Giant" was arbitrarily defined as a size of at least 10 cm in greatest dimension. The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of mediastinal tumors was searched for tumors reported to be larger than 10 cm. Tumors that can present as giant mediastinal lesions based on our own experience were also included. PubMed search was then performed for these lesions.
KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS
A great variety of mediastinal lesions can present as giant mass. Those include for instance tumors of blood and lymph vessels, tumors of neurogenic origin, mesenchymal neoplasms, thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), and non-neoplastic cysts. Lesions range from benign to malignant. This review focuses on the most common lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Many benign and malignant lesions can become a large mass in the mediastinum. Their correct diagnosis is important for the treatment and management of the patient.
PubMed: 38090032
DOI: 10.21037/med-23-23 -
Blood Jan 2015Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is putatively derived from a thymic B cell. Accounting for up to... (Review)
Review
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is putatively derived from a thymic B cell. Accounting for up to 10% of cases of DLBCL, this subtype predominantly affects women in the third and fourth decades of life. Its clinical and molecular characteristics are distinct from other subtypes of DLBCL and, in fact, closely resemble those of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL). Recently, mediastinal lymphomas with features intermediate between PMBL and NSHL, called mediastinal gray-zone lymphomas, have been described. The optimal management of PMBL is controversial, and most standard approaches include a combination of immunochemotherapy and mediastinal radiation. Recently, the recognition that mediastinal radiation is associated with significant long-term toxicities has led to the development of novel approaches for PMBL that have shown excellent efficacy and challenge the need for routine mediastinal radiation.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; B-Lymphocytes; Decision Making; Drug Therapy; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gene Expression Profiling; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mediastinum; Positron-Emission Tomography; Recurrence; Rituximab; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25499450
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-575092 -
Hematology. American Society of... Dec 2017Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic entity that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults and is more... (Review)
Review
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic entity that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults and is more common in female subjects. Although PMBCL is considered to be a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, its clinical, morphologic, and biological characteristics overlap significantly with those of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL). Over the past few years, the shared biology of these 2 entities has been highlighted in several studies, and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma, with features intermediate between PMBCL and NSHL, has been recognized as a unique molecular entity. Although there is a lack of consensus about the optimal therapeutic strategy for adolescent and young adult patients newly diagnosed with PMCBL, highly curative strategies that obviate the need for mediastinal radiation are favored by most. Progress in understanding the biology of PMBCL and its close relationship to NSHL have helped pave the way for the investigation of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibition. Other strategies such as adoptive T-cell therapy and targeting CD30 are also being studied.
Topics: Adolescent; Adoptive Transfer; Adult; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Female; Humans; Ki-1 Antigen; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Male; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29222270
DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.298 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular System; Molecular Imaging; Heart; Mediastinum
PubMed: 33655449
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02534-9 -
BMC Surgery Apr 2015We have initially published our experience with the robotic transthoracic esophagectomy in 32 patients from a single institute. The present paper is the extension of our...
BACKGROUND
We have initially published our experience with the robotic transthoracic esophagectomy in 32 patients from a single institute. The present paper is the extension of our experience with robotic system and to best of our knowledge this represents the largest series of robotic transthoracic esophagectomy worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the robotic transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in a series of patients from a single institute.
METHODS
A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 83 esophageal cancer patients who underwent robotic esophagectomy at our institute from December 2009 to December 2012. All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination and pre-operative investigations. All patients underwent robotic esophageal mobilization. En-bloc dissection with lymphadenectomy was performed in all cases with preservation of Azygous vein. Relevant data were gathered from medical records.
RESULTS
The study population comprised of 50 men and 33 women with mean age of 59.18 years. The mean operative time was 204.94 mins (range 180 to 300). The mean blood loss was 86.75 ml (range 50 to 200). The mean number of lymph node yield was 18. 36 (range 13 to 24). None of the patient required conversion. The mean ICU stay and hospital stay was 1 day (range 1 to 3) and 10.37 days (range 10 to 13), respectively. A total of 16 (19.28%) complication were reported in these patents. Commonly reported complication included dysphagia, pleural effusion and anastomotic leak. No treatment related mortality was observed. After a median follow-up period of 10 months, 66 patients (79.52%) survived with disease free stage.
CONCLUSIONS
We found robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy feasible in cases of esophageal cancer. The procedure allowed precise en-bloc dissection with lymphadenectomy in mediastinum with reduced operative time, blood loss and complications.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Lymph Node Excision; Male; Mediastinum; Middle Aged; Operative Time; Retrospective Studies; Robotic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 25898903
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-015-0024-2 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Mar 2022Traumatic asphyxia (TA) is a rarely reported disease characterized as thoraco-cervico-facial petechiae, facial edema and cyanosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage and...
BACKGROUND
Traumatic asphyxia (TA) is a rarely reported disease characterized as thoraco-cervico-facial petechiae, facial edema and cyanosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage and neurological symptoms. This study aimed to report 51 children of TA at the pediatric medical center of west China.
METHODS
Scanned medical reports were reviewed and specific variables as age, sex, cause of injury, clinical manifestations and associated injuries were analyzed using SPSS 25.0.
RESULTS
The average age of patients was 5.3 ± 2.9 (1.3-13.2) year-old. Thirty (58.8%) were boys and 21 (41.2%) were girls. Most TAs occurred during vehicle accident, object compression and stampede. All patients showed facial petechiae (100.0%, CI 93.0-100.0%), 25 (49.0%, CI 34.8-63.2%) out of 51 presented with facial edema, 29 (56.9%, CI 42.8-70.9%) presented with subconjunctival hemorrhage, including bilateral 27 and unilateral 2. Six patients had facial cyanosis (11.8%, CI 2.6-20.9%). Other symptoms were also presented as epileptic seizure, vomiting, incontinence, paraplegia, etc. The most frequent companion injury was pulmonary contusion (76.5%, CI 64.4-88.5%). Other companion injuries included mediastinal emphysema, fracture, cerebral contusion and hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, abdominal organ contusion, mastoid hemorrhage, hematocele of paranasal sinuses, spinal cord injury, hepatic insufficiency, myocardial injury and retinal hemorrhage and edema. Treatment was mainly supportive. No death occurred in our study. The prognosis is rather good if without damage of central nervous system.
CONCLUSION
TA could bring out multiple symptoms, among which retinal hemorrhage and edema, spinal cord injury and viscera impairment have been less observed. Comprehensive physical and auxiliary examination should be performed considering TA. Its prognosis is rather good with focus on life-threatening complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Asphyxia; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Infant; Male; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 35282839
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01773-2