-
Medical History Jul 2016
Topics: Behavioral Sciences; Culture; Humans; Indians, North American
PubMed: 27292321
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2016.24 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2016
Topics: Bioethics; Colombia; Faculty, Medical; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Pan American Health Organization; Parasitology; Public Health; Societies, Medical; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 27992992
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i4.3700 -
Taking the history in patients with swallowing disorders: an international multidisciplinary survey.Abdominal Radiology (New York) Mar 2017Clinical assessment of swallowing disorders (dysphagia) requires accurate and comprehensive medical history-taking to further tailor the diagnostic work-up, but...
PURPOSE
Clinical assessment of swallowing disorders (dysphagia) requires accurate and comprehensive medical history-taking to further tailor the diagnostic work-up, but functional health care questionnaires show a large variability and various limitations. The aim of this study was to assess the way in which international swallowing experts from various disciplines asses swallowing problems in order to improve the radiologist´s ability to take a thorough medical history in this specific patient group.
METHODS
A two-step Delphi method was used to collect swallowing experts' ways of taking the medical history in patients with swallowing disorders. The questions obtained in a first interview round were pooled and structured by dividing them into general and specific questions, including several subcategories, and these were scored by the experts in a second step based on to their clinical relevance.
RESULTS
Eighteen experts provided 25 different questions categorized as general questions and 34 dimension-specific questions (eight attributed to 'suspicion of aspiration,' 13 to 'dysphagia,' six to 'globus sensation,' four to 'non-cardiac chest pain,' and three to 'effect of life.') In the second interview round, the experts´ average predictive values attributed to those questions showed the varying importance of the presented items. Seven general and 13 specific questions (six of them attributed to 'effect on life' and seven 'others') were also added.
CONCLUSIONS
This collection of questions reflects the fact that a multidisciplinary approach when obtaining the medical history in patients with swallowing disorders may contribute to an improved technique for performing a symptom-oriented medical history-taking for radiologists of all training levels.
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Delphi Technique; Female; Humans; Male; Medical History Taking; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 27730327
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0931-4 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Dec 2017
Topics: Anesthesia; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Societies, Medical; United Kingdom
PubMed: 29156028
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex370 -
Medical History Jan 2017The history of 'electroshock therapy' (now known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)) in Europe in the Third Reich is still a neglected chapter in medical history. Since...
The history of 'electroshock therapy' (now known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)) in Europe in the Third Reich is still a neglected chapter in medical history. Since Thomas Szasz's 'From the Slaughterhouse to the Madhouse', prejudices have hindered a thorough historical analysis of the introduction and early application of electroshock therapy during the period of National Socialism and the Second World War. Contrary to the assumption of a 'dialectics of healing and killing', the introduction of electroshock therapy in the German Reich and occupied territories was neither especially swift nor radical. Electroshock therapy, much like the preceding 'shock therapies', insulin coma therapy and cardiazol convulsive therapy, contradicted the genetic dogma of schizophrenia, in which only one 'treatment' was permissible: primary prevention by sterilisation. However, industrial companies such as Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG (SRW) embraced the new development in medical technology. Moreover, they knew how to use existing patents on the electrical anaesthesia used for slaughtering to maintain a leading position in the new electroshock therapy market. Only after the end of the official 'euthanasia' murder operation in August 1941, entitled T4, did the psychiatric elite begin to promote electroshock therapy as a modern 'unspecific' treatment in order to reframe psychiatry as an 'honorable' medical discipline. War-related shortages hindered even the then politically supported production of electroshock devices. Research into electroshock therapy remained minimal and was mainly concerned with internationally shared safety concerns regarding its clinical application. However, within the Third Reich, electroshock therapy was not only introduced in psychiatric hospitals, asylums, and in the Auschwitz concentration camp in order to get patients back to work, it was also modified for 'euthanasia' murder.
Topics: Concentration Camps; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Eugenics; Germany; History, 20th Century; Homicide; Humans; National Socialism; Psychiatry; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 27998332
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2016.101 -
Journal of General and Family Medicine Jun 2017Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has many possible causes, so detailed history taking and physical examination are required. We identified key diagnostic features of...
BACKGROUND
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has many possible causes, so detailed history taking and physical examination are required. We identified key diagnostic features of medical history and physical findings for an efficient diagnosis of FUO.
METHODS
A total of 42 consecutive patients (mean age: 50.6±20.3 years) with classic FUO were retrospectively recruited from January 2010 to March 2012. Key diagnostic features were identified from among diagnostic criteria for underlying diseases, indicators for diagnostic tests, and more useful factors for differential diagnosis.
RESULTS
The mean number of abnormal findings per patient was 5.8 from taking the history and 2.0 from performing physical examination. In addition, the mean number of key diagnostic features identified was 0.7 (14.0%) from history taking and 0.6 (35.0%) from physical examination. The most relevant key diagnostic feature was arthritis, followed by cervical lymphadenopathy, dyspnea (with hypoxia), and ocular symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The usefulness of certain features of medical history and physical findings for diagnosing FUO was determined. Focusing on arthritis, cervical lymphadenopathy, dyspnea with hypoxia, and ocular symptoms might improve diagnostic efficiency in patients with FUO.
PubMed: 29264008
DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.35 -
Medical History Jan 2020Mammographic screening for breast cancer is a widely used public health approach, but is constantly a subject of controversy. Medical and historical research on this...
Mammographic screening for breast cancer is a widely used public health approach, but is constantly a subject of controversy. Medical and historical research on this topic has been mainly conducted in Western Europe and North America. In Brazil, screening mammography has been an open topic of discussion and a challenge for health care and public health since the 1970s. Effectively, Brazilian public health agencies never implemented a nationwide population-based screening programme for breast cancer, despite the pressures of many specific groups such as advocacy associations and the implementation of local programmes. This article examines the complex process of incorporating mammography as a diagnostic tool and the debates towards implementing screening programmes in Brazil. We argue that debates about screening for breast malignancies, especially those conducted in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, took place in a context of change and uncertainty in the Brazilian health field. These discussions were strongly affected both by tensions between the public and the private health care sectors during the formative period of a new Brazilian health system, and by the growing role of civil society actors. Our study investigates these tensions and their consequences. We use several medical sources that discussed the topic in Brazil, mainly specialised leading oncology journals published between 1950 and 2017, medical congress reports for the same period, books and theses, institutional documents and oral testimonies of health professionals, patients and associations collected in the framework of the 'The History of Cancer' project from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Brazilian National Cancer Institute.
Topics: Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Delivery of Health Care; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Mammography; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Public Health; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 31933502
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2019.76 -
Gastroenterology May 2020
Topics: Gastroenterology; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Physician Executives; Societies, Medical; Syria; United States
PubMed: 32364115
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.061 -
Medical History Jan 2017Medical historians have recently become interested in the veterinary past, investigating the development of animal health in countries such as France, the Netherlands,...
Medical historians have recently become interested in the veterinary past, investigating the development of animal health in countries such as France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. An appreciation of the German context, however, is still lacking - a gap in the knowledge that the present article seeks to fill. Providing a critical interpretation of the evolution of the veterinary profession, this investigation explains why veterinary and medical spheres intersected, drifted apart, then came back together; it also accounts for the stark differences in the position of veterinarians in Germany and Britain. Emphasis is placed on how diverse traditions, interests and conceptualisations of animal health shaped the German veterinary profession, conditioned its field of operation, influenced its choice of animals and diseases, and dictated the speed of reform. Due to a state-oriented model of professionalisation, veterinarians became more enthusiastic about public service than private practice, perceiving themselves to be alongside doctors and scientists in status, rather than next to animal healers or manual labourers. Building on their expertise in epizootics, veterinarians became involved in zoonoses, following outbreaks of trichinosis. They achieved a dominant position in meat hygiene by refashioning abattoirs into sites for the construction of veterinary knowledge. Later, bovine tuberculosis helped veterinarians cement this position, successfully showcasing their expertise and contribution to society by saving as much meat as possible from diseased livestock. Ultimately, this article shows how veterinarians were heavily 'entangled' with the fields of medicine, food, agriculture and the military.
Topics: Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Germany; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; Tuberculosis, Bovine; United Kingdom; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27998327
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2016.99 -
Ui Sahak Aug 2020This paper examines the trends and prospects of medical history in Japan. The study of medical history in Japan has developed in various periods and themes. In...
This paper examines the trends and prospects of medical history in Japan. The study of medical history in Japan has developed in various periods and themes. In particular, many studies period have actively made full use of old documents and materials that have been well-preserved. This paper introduces the research trends of medical history in Japan, while discussing the issues surrounding the concept and designation of medical history in present day Japan. This can be seen as an inevitable phenomenon that emerged as methods of medical history research have become diversified, and there are many suggestions related to the future direction of this study. Based on this, this paper points out the characteristics of medical history research conducted in each period since the first half of the twentieth century. In particular, this investigation confirmed that the subjects and research methods of medical history became diversified under the influence of the nation state theory. Furthermore, this study also found that the major topics of medical history research are analysis of medical books, doctors and medical personnel, the starting point of modern medicine, the establishment and change of the medical system, the social impact of infectious diseases, and the discipline and management of the national body. In addition, studies are being conducted to compare how the regulations and operations of medicine and medical and hygiene systems are being developed in the context of "East Asia."
Topics: Books; Communicable Diseases; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hygiene; Japan; Physicians
PubMed: 32937640
DOI: 10.13081/kjmh.2020.29.465