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Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2023Interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are complex and pose a major oncological challenge. Immunotherapy has led to significant progress in recent years,... (Review)
Review
Interactions in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are complex and pose a major oncological challenge. Immunotherapy has led to significant progress in recent years, however, not all patients benefit from this. An increasing number of trials try to modulate the TME. Interferon type I (IFN-I) proteins play an important role in the immune response, having many beneficial effects in patients with cancer, particularly when administered locally. This review finds that targeted intratumoural delivery of IFN-I to the TME may mediate optimal therapeutic effects in solid cancers, having extensive implications for clinical oncology. However, an increased understanding of the mechanisms is imperative to develop new and better treatments for solid cancers.
Topics: Humans; Interferon Type I; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Immunotherapy; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37622604
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2023Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is a point-of-care cardiac examination performed and interpreted by the emergency physician in the clinical context. This review... (Review)
Review
Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is a point-of-care cardiac examination performed and interpreted by the emergency physician in the clinical context. This review summarises the current knowledge of FoCUS. The objective is to answer four predefined clinical questions: Are there any signs of pericardial effusion? Are there any signs of right ventricular dilatation? Are there any signs of reduced or hyperdynamic left ventricular function? Are there any signs of abnormal inferior vena cava? FoCUS is not a replacement for echocardiography but a useful tool in detecting cardiopulmonary pathology and haemodynamic abnormalities in the emergency setting.
Topics: Humans; Heart; Echocardiography; Emergency Medicine; Pericardial Effusion; Physical Examination
PubMed: 37381836
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Men's Health Jul 2017Precision medicine can greatly benefit men's health by helping to prevent, diagnose, and treat prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, infertility, hypogonadism,... (Review)
Review
Precision medicine can greatly benefit men's health by helping to prevent, diagnose, and treat prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, infertility, hypogonadism, and erectile dysfunction. For example, precision medicine can facilitate the selection of men at high risk for prostate cancer for targeted prostate-specific antigen screening and chemoprevention administration, as well as assist in identifying men who are resistant to medical therapy for prostatic hyperplasia, who may instead require surgery. Precision medicine-trained clinicians can also let couples know whether their specific cause of infertility should be bypassed by sperm extraction and in vitro fertilization to prevent abnormalities in their offspring. Though precision medicine's role in the management of hypogonadism has yet to be defined, it could be used to identify biomarkers associated with individual patients' responses to treatment so that appropriate therapy can be prescribed. Last, precision medicine can improve erectile dysfunction treatment by identifying genetic polymorphisms that regulate response to medical therapies and by aiding in the selection of patients for further cardiovascular disease screening.
Topics: Humans; Male; Men's Health; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 26186950
DOI: 10.1177/1557988315595693 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Mar 2019Tropical medicine deals with infectious and noninfectious diseases geographically located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. It encompasses diseases that... (Review)
Review
Tropical medicine deals with infectious and noninfectious diseases geographically located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. It encompasses diseases that result from poverty, poor sanitation, infrastructure, and inadequate health resources. Lack of availability of clean water and food made with unhygienic practices add to the morbidity of these diseases. The tropics are reeling under the onslaught of climate change, deforestation, and air, water, and soil pollution, which worsens an already fragile health system. This article provides an overview of the definition, classification, geophysical problems, syndromic approach to common tropical infections, diagnostic challenges in the tropics, and access to medicines.
Topics: Climate Change; Communicable Diseases; Geography; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Public Health; Tropical Medicine
PubMed: 30712755
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.011 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Family Practice; Exercise Test
PubMed: 36376034
DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6811793 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2018
Topics: Denmark; Humans; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 29559072
DOI: No ID Found -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2018
Topics: Humans; Precision Medicine; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 29886885
DOI: No ID Found -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Sep 2017Comparative Medicine is typically defined as a discipline which relates and leverages the biological similarities and differences among animal species to better... (Review)
Review
Comparative Medicine is typically defined as a discipline which relates and leverages the biological similarities and differences among animal species to better understand the mechanism of human and animal disease. It has also been defined as a field of study concentrating on similarities and differences between human and veterinary medicine and is increasingly associated with animal models of human disease, including the critical role veterinarians, animal resource centers, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees play in facilitating and ensuring humane and reproducible laboratory animal care and use. To this end, comparative medicine plays a pivotal role in reduction, refinement, and replacement in animals in biomedical research. On many levels, comparative medicine facilitates the translation of basic science knowledge into clinical applications; applying comparative medicine concepts throughout the translation process is critical for success. In addition to the supportive role of comparative medicine in the research enterprise, its role as a distinct and independent scientific discipline should not be lost. Although comparative medicine's research "niche" is not one particular discipline or disease process, rather, it is the investigative mindset that seeks to reveal common threads that weave different pathophysiologic processes into translatable approaches and outcomes using various models.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Laboratory; Biomedical Research; Humans; Medicine; Translational Research, Biomedical; Veterinarians
PubMed: 28955187
DOI: No ID Found -
Theranostics 2023Stimuli-activatable strategies prevail in the design of nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. Upon exposure to endogenous/exogenous stimuli, the stimuli-activatable... (Review)
Review
Stimuli-activatable strategies prevail in the design of nanomedicine for cancer theranostics. Upon exposure to endogenous/exogenous stimuli, the stimuli-activatable nanomedicine could be self-assembled, disassembled, or functionally activated to improve its biosafety and diagnostic/therapeutic potency. A myriad of tumor-specific features, including a low pH, a high redox level, and overexpressed enzymes, along with exogenous physical stimulation sources (light, ultrasound, magnet, and radiation) have been considered for the design of stimuli-activatable nano-medicinal products. Recently, novel stimuli sources have been explored and elegant designs emerged for stimuli-activatable nanomedicine. In addition, multi-functional theranostic nanomedicine has been employed for imaging-guided or image-assisted antitumor therapy. In this review, we rationalize the development of theranostic nanomedicine for clinical pressing needs. Stimuli-activatable self-assembly, disassembly or functional activation approaches for developing theranostic nanomedicine to realize a better diagnostic/therapeutic efficacy are elaborated and state-of-the-art advances in their structural designs are detailed. A reflection, clinical status, and future perspectives in the stimuli-activatable nanomedicine are provided.
Topics: Humans; Nanomedicine; Precision Medicine; Neoplasms; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 37908735
DOI: 10.7150/thno.87854 -
Radiologia 2020
Topics: Nuclear Medicine
PubMed: 32475611
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2020.04.003