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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is a member of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, a protein involved in immunity to pathogens and the body's resistance system....
INTRODUCTION
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is a member of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, a protein involved in immunity to pathogens and the body's resistance system. IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) are intractable diseases in which IgG4 levels in the blood are elevated, causing inflammation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. IgG4-RD are known to be more prevalent in males than in females, but the etiology remains to be elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and serum IgG4 levels in the general population.
METHODS
In this study, the relationship between IgG4 levels and GM evaluated in male and female groups of the general population using causal inference. The study included 191 men and 207 women aged 40 years or older from Shika-machi, Ishikawa. GM DNA was analyzed for the 16S rRNA gene sequence using next-generation sequencing. Participants were bifurcated into high and low IgG4 groups, depending on median serum IgG4 levels.
RESULTS
ANCOVA, Tukey's HSD, linear discriminant analysis effect size, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model, and correlation analysis revealed that , , , and group were associated with IgG4 levels in women, while , group, , 1, and were associated with IgG4 levels in men. Linear non-Gaussian acyclic model indicated three genera, , group, and , and showed a presumed causal association with IgG4 levels in women.
DISCUSSION
This differential impact of the GM on IgG4 levels based on sex is a novel and intriguing finding.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salivary Glands; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37908763
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1272398 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Aug 2023For many years, the role of the microbiome in tumor progression, particularly the tumor microbiome, was largely overlooked. The connection between the tumor microbiome...
Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning reveal oncogenome associated microbiome plays an important role in tumor immunity and prognosis in pan-cancer.
BACKGROUND
For many years, the role of the microbiome in tumor progression, particularly the tumor microbiome, was largely overlooked. The connection between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome still requires further investigation.
METHODS
The TCGA microbiome and genome data were obtained from Haziza et al.'s article and UCSC Xena database, respectively. Separate WGCNA networks were constructed for the tumor microbiome and genomic data after filtering the datasets. Correlation analysis between the microbial and mRNA modules was conducted to identify oncogenome associated microbiome module (OAM) modules, with three microbial modules selected for each tumor type. Reactome analysis was used to enrich biological processes. Machine learning techniques were implemented to explore the tumor type-specific enrichment and prognostic value of OAM, as well as the ability of the tumor microbiome to differentiate TP53 mutations.
RESULTS
We constructed a total of 182 tumor microbiome and 570 mRNA WGCNA modules. Our results show that there is a correlation between tumor microbiome and tumor genome. Gene enrichment analysis results suggest that the genes in the mRNA module with the highest correlation with the tumor microbiome group are mainly enriched in infection, transcriptional regulation by TP53 and antigen presentation. The correlation analysis of OAM with CD8+ T cells or TAM1 cells suggests the existence of many microbiota that may be involved in tumor immune suppression or promotion, such as Williamsia in breast cancer, Biostraticola in stomach cancer, Megasphaera in cervical cancer and Lottiidibacillus in ovarian cancer. In addition, the results show that the microbiome-genome prognostic model has good predictive value for short-term prognosis. The analysis of tumor TP53 mutations shows that tumor microbiota has a certain ability to distinguish TP53 mutations, with an AUROC value of 0.755. The tumor microbiota with high importance scores are Corallococcus, Bacillus and Saezia. Finally, we identified a potential anti-cancer microbiota, Tissierella, which has been shown to be associated with improved prognosis in tumors including breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION
There is an association between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome, and the existence of this association is not accidental and could change the landscape of tumor research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Prognosis; Gene Regulatory Networks; Breast Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 37573394
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04411-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a cluster of microvascular disorders with unclear pathological mechanisms. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is an essential...
BACKGROUND
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a cluster of microvascular disorders with unclear pathological mechanisms. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is an essential regulatory mechanism between gut microbes and their host. Therefore, the compositional and functional gut microbiota alterations lead to cerebrovascular disease pathogenesis. The current study aims to determine the alteration and clinical value of the gut microbiota in CSVD patients.
METHODS
Sixty-four CSVD patients and 18 matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in our study. All the participants underwent neuropsychological tests, and the multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging depicted the changes in brain structure and function. Plasma samples were collected, and the fecal samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Based on the alpha diversity analysis, the CSVD group had significantly decreased Shannon and enhanced Simpson compared to the HC group. At the genus level, there was a significant increase in the relative abundances of Parasutterella, Anaeroglobus, Megasphaera, Akkermansia, Collinsella, and Veillonella in the CSVD group. Moreover, these genera with significant differences in CSVD patients revealed significant correlations with cognitive assessments, plasma levels of the blood-brain barrier-/inflammation-related indexes, and structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging changes. Functional prediction demonstrated that lipoic acid metabolism was significantly higher in CSVD patients than HCs. Additionally, a composite biomarker depending on six gut microbiota at the genus level displayed an area under the curve of 0.834 to distinguish CSVD patients from HCs using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm.
CONCLUSION
The evident changes in gut microbiota composition in CSVD patients were correlated with clinical features and pathological changes of CSVD. Combining these gut microbiota using the LASSO algorithm helped identify CSVD accurately.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Brain; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases
PubMed: 37496806
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1231541 -
PloS One 2022Premenstrual symptoms can negatively impact the quality of life of women through a range of mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms. The association between the...
PURPOSE
Premenstrual symptoms can negatively impact the quality of life of women through a range of mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms. The association between the microbiota and brain function has been extensively studied. Here, we examined the characteristics of the microbiota in women with premenstrual disorders (PMDs) and the association between premenstrual symptoms and the microbiota.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this single center cross-sectional pilot study, we recruited 27 women reporting premenstrual symptoms and 29 women with no serious premenstrual symptoms. Among them, we further selected 21 women experiencing premenstrual symptoms resulting in interference to their social life (PMDs group) and 22 women with no serious premenstrual symptoms and thereby no interference to their social life (control group). The severity of symptoms was evaluated by a premenstrual symptoms questionnaire (PSQ). Inflammatory markers were analyzed in blood samples, including C reactive protein, soluble CD14, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes was performed on stool samples.
RESULTS
Inflammatory markers in blood samples did not differ significantly between the PMDs and control groups. A difference in beta, but not alpha diversity, was detected for the gut microbiotas of the PMDs and control groups. The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was lower in the PMDs group. At the genus level, the prevalence was decreased for Butyricicoccus, Extibacter, Megasphaera, and Parabacteroides and increased for Anaerotaenia in the PMDs group, but after false discovery rate correction, these differences were no longer significant. Linear discriminant effect size analysis revealed a decrease in Extibacter, Butyricicoccus, Megasphaera, and Parabacteroides and an increase in Anaerotaenia in the PMDs group. The PSQ total score correlated with Anaerotaenia, Extibacter, and Parabacteroides. Multiple regression analysis showed that Parabacteroides and Megasphaera negatively predicted the PSQ total score.
CONCLUSION
The properties of the gut microbiota are associated with premenstrual symptoms.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Clostridiaceae; Clostridiales; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Pilot Projects; Premenstrual Syndrome; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35622782
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268466 -
ILAR Journal Dec 2020The microbiota is heavily involved in both health and disease pathogenesis, but defining a normal, healthy microbiota in the common marmoset has been challenging. The... (Review)
Review
The microbiota is heavily involved in both health and disease pathogenesis, but defining a normal, healthy microbiota in the common marmoset has been challenging. The aim of this review was to systematically review recent literature involving the gastrointestinal microbiome of common marmosets in health and disease. Twelve sources were included in this review. The gut microbiome composition was reviewed across institutions worldwide, and taxonomic shifts between healthy individuals were described. Unlike the human gut microbiome, which is dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, the marmoset gut microbiome shows great plasticity across institutions, with 5 different phyla described as dominant in different healthy cohorts. Genera shared across institutions include Anaerobiospirillum, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, and Prevotella. Shifts in the abundance of Prevotella or Bifidobacterium or invasion by pathogens like Clostridium perfringens may be associated with disease. Changes in microbial composition have been described in healthy and diseased marmosets, but factors influencing the severe changes in microbial composition have not been established. Multi-institutional, prospective, and longitudinal studies that utilize multiple testing methodologies are required to determine sources of variability in the reporting of marmoset microbiomes. Furthermore, methods of microbial manipulation, whether by diet, enrichment, fecal microbiome transplantation, etc, need to be established to modulate and maintain robust and resilient microbiome communities in marmoset colonies and reduce the incidence of idiopathic gastrointestinal disease.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Callithrix; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 33620078
DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa025 -
Microorganisms Jan 2022Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown...
Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. In this study, one group was reared with their dams (control, CON) and conventionally weaned at 49 days (d), while the other lambs were weaned at 21 d (early weaning, EW) using starter. Rumen microbial samples collected at 26, 35, and 63 d were used for next-generation sequencing. Here, we found that the abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota in EW were significantly lower at 26 and 35 d than the CON. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to identify the signature microbiota for EW at these three ages. At 26 d, 7, , , , , and in the rumen of the EW group had greater relative abundances. At 35 d, the _NK3A20_group was enriched in CON. On 63 d, _UCG-002 was abundant in EW. and in EW lambs were abundant at 26 and 35 d, but kept similar to CON at 63 d. The relative abundance of _UCG-002 at all-time points was consistently higher in the EW group. In conclusion, early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. The temporal dynamics of relative abundances of , , and _UCG-014 reflect the weaning stress over a short period and rumen recovery after early weaning.
PubMed: 35056593
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010144 -
Medicine May 2023Probiotics are known to rebalance the gut microbiota in dysbiotic individuals, but their impact on the gut microbiome of healthy individuals is seldom studied. The... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are known to rebalance the gut microbiota in dysbiotic individuals, but their impact on the gut microbiome of healthy individuals is seldom studied. The current study is designed to assess the impact and safety of Bacillus coagulans (Weizmannia coagulans) microbial type culture collection 5856 (LactoSpore®) supplementation on microbiota composition in healthy Indian adults.
METHODS
The study participants (N = 30) received either LactoSpore (2 billion colony-forming units/capsule) or placebo for 28 days. The general and digestive health were assessed through questionnaires and safety by monitoring adverse events. Taxonomic profiling of the fecal samples was carried out by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The bacterial persistence was enumerated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Gut health, general health, and blood biochemical parameters remained normal in all the participants. No adverse events were reported during the study. Metataxonomic analysis revealed minimal changes to the gut microbiome of otherwise healthy subjects and balance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was maintained by LactoSpore. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria like Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Megasphaera, and Ruminococcus showed an increase in probiotic-supplemented individuals. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed highly variable numbers of B. coagulans in feces before and after the study.
CONCLUSION
The present study results suggest that LactoSpore is safe for consumption and does not alter the gut microbiome of healthy individuals. Minor changes in a few bacterial species may have a beneficial outcome in healthy individuals. The results reiterate the safety of B. coagulans microbial type culture collection 5856 as a dietary supplement and provide a rationale to explore its effect on gut microbiome composition in individuals with dysbiosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Bacillus coagulans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Healthy Volunteers; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Probiotics; Feces; Bacteria; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37335737
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033751 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022A red yeast isolated from orange and grape soil and identified by the 26S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that it was and named TZR. Its biomass and carotenoid...
A red yeast isolated from orange and grape soil and identified by the 26S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that it was and named TZR. Its biomass and carotenoid production reached a maximum when using the fermentation medium with pH 6.0, containing 5% glucose, 1% peptone, and 1.5% yeast powder. TZR was resistant to 55°C for 15 min, 0.2% pig bile salts for 4 h, and artificial gastric and intestinal fluids. A total of thirty 28-day weaned pigs were divided into three groups, and the piglets were fed a basal diet (CON), a basal diet and orally administered 1 ml 1.0 × 10 CFU/ml DSM 2361 three times (), or a basal diet and orally administered 1 ml 1.0 × 10 CFU/mL TZR three times daily () for 4 weeks. Compared with the piglets in the CON group, those in the or group reported an increased average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake ( < 0.05) and a decreased feed/gain ( < 0.05). The diarrhea rate of piglets in the group was lower than that in the CON and groups ( < 0.05). Compared with that in the CON and groups, the group reported an increased ileum villus height ( < 0.05), serum concentration of total antioxidant content, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and pepsin and lipase activities in the intestinal content, while it reported a decreased serum concentration of malondialdehyde and pH of the intestinal tract ( < 0.05). The relative abundances of and of caecum in the group were lower than those in the CON and group ( < 0.05). The relative abundances of , and of caecum in the group were higher than those in the CON and group ( < 0.05). TZR can produce carotenoids and adapts to the animal's gastrointestinal environment. Oral TZR improved growth performance, enhanced antioxidant capacity, strengthened gastrointestinal digestion, and maintained the intestinal microbiological balance of piglets.
PubMed: 35903473
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922136 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy May 2021COVID-19 remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection susceptibility and severity....
COVID-19 remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection susceptibility and severity. Here, we present the oropharyngeal microbiota characteristics identified by shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses of oropharynx swab specimens from 31 COVID-19 patients, 29 influenza B patients, and 28 healthy controls. Our results revealed a distinct oropharyngeal microbiota composition in the COVID-19 patients, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Veillonella and Megasphaera and depletion of Pseudopropionibacterium, Rothia, and Streptococcus. Based on the relative abundance of the oropharyngeal microbiome, we built a microbial classifier to distinguish COVID-19 patients from flu patients and healthy controls with an AUC of 0.889, in which Veillonella was identified as the most prominent biomarker for COVID-19 group. Several members of the genus Veillonella, especially Veillonella parvula which was highly enriched in the oropharynx of our COVID-19 patients, were also overrepresented in the BALF of COVID-19 patients, indicating that the oral cavity acts as a natural reservoir for pathogens to induce co-infections in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. We also found the increased ratios of Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Serratia sp. were correlated with both disease severity and elevated systemic inflammation markers (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR), suggesting that these oropharynx microbiota alterations may impact COVID-19 severity by influencing the inflammatory response. Moreover, the oropharyngeal microbiome of COVID-19 patients exhibited a significant enrichment in amino acid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism. In addition, all 26 drug classes of antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in the COVID-19 group, and were significantly enriched in critical cases. In conclusion, we found that oropharyngeal microbiota alterations and functional differences were associated with COVID-19 severity.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Oropharynx; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33986253
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00614-3 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important...
INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important role of gut microbiota in maturation, regulation, and induction of the immune system and subsequent inflammatory processes, it seems that evaluating the composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals may have potential value as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for the disease. Also, therapeutic interventions affecting gut microbial flora may open new horizons in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and accelerating their recovery.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies published from December 2019 to December 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Articles containing the following keywords in titles or abstracts were selected: "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Disease 19" and "gastrointestinal microbes" or "dysbiosis" or "gut microbiota" or "gut bacteria" or "gut microbes" or "gastrointestinal microbiota".
RESULTS
Out of 1,668 studies, 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 1,255 confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. All included studies showed a significant association between COVID-19 and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The most alteration in bacterial composition of COVID-19 patients was depletion in genera , , , , , , , and and enrichment of , , , , , , and Also, some gut microbiome alterations were associated with COVID-19 severity and poor prognosis including the increment of , , , , , , , , , , and spp. and the decrement of , , , , and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed a significant change of gut microbiome composition in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals. This great extent of impact has proposed the gut microbiota as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. There is much evidence about this issue, and it is expected to be increased in near future.
Topics: COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35310853
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644